Edward John DeBartolo Sr. (May 17, 1909 – December 19, 1994) was an American businessman. In 1971, hisOhio-based corporation was ranked 47th among the nation's top 400 construction contractors. In 1983, DeBartolo was included onForbes magazine's firstForbes 400 list of richest Americans.^[1]

Edward J. DeBartolo Sr.
Born	Edward John DeBartolo (1909-05-17)May 17, 1909 Youngstown, Ohio, U.S.
Died	December 19, 1994(1994-12-19) (aged 85) Youngstown, Ohio, U.S.
Education	University of Notre Dame
Occupation	Real-estate developer
Children	Edward J. DeBartolo Jr. Denise DeBartolo York Edward M Kobel

The second of six children, DeBartolo was born inYoungstown,Ohio, a center of steel production that was also a major destination for immigrants fromSouthern andEastern Europe. DeBartolo's parents, Anthony Paonessa and Rose Villani, had emigrated to the United States fromItaly. DeBartolo never knew his biological father, who died suddenly before his birth.^[1][2]

After Anthony Paonessa's death, Rose Villani Paonessa married Michael DeBartolo, and Edward took his stepfather's family name.^[2] Michael DeBartolo emigrated fromTerlizzi,Apulia, Italy, with his family at age 17 and became a paving contractor and builder of warehouses and other structures.^[1] While a teenager, Edward DeBartolo began working, translating paving contracts for his stepfather, who did not read or writeEnglish.

DeBartolo went on to earn a degree incivil engineering at theUniversity of Notre Dame.^[1][2] Next came a decade of construction jobs with his stepfather. Capitalizing on his engineering skills, DeBartolo found himself serving in theArmy Corps of Engineers during World War II. It was during the War, in 1944, that he married Marie Patricia Montani and incorporated his own company, The Edward J. DeBartolo Corporation.

After the war ended, DeBartolo served as president of Michael DeBartolo Construction and as founder and president of his newly formed company. DeBartolo was able to take advantage of dramatic changes occurring across the United States after World War II. As more Americans moved into suburbs, there was a corresponding increase in demand for convenient access to shopping. His first retail development was the construction ofGray Drug andSears, Roebuck and Co. department store in the "Uptown" area of Youngstown. DeBartolo's company was one of the first companies in the United States to build shopping centers in suburban communities. These shopping centers were initially plazas built as long strips, but soon DeBartolo began developing enclosed shopping malls as well, with brother Frank DeBartolo acting as architect.^[1]

The Edward J. DeBartolo Corporation was the undisputed leader in the shopping mall industry from the birth of the industry until DeBartolo's death, at one point owning almost one-tenth of all mall space in the United States.^[1] DeBartolo also branched out into other types of urban development and construction, such as hotels, office parks, andcondominiums. He established a work ethic of 15-hour days and seven-day weeks. He once told his senior executives, "My wife has never seen me lie down while the sun was up." By 1990, DeBartolo was estimated to have more than $1.4 billion in personal wealth.^[1]

DeBartolo began acquiring department store chains in the late 1980s. In 1986, he helped financeRobert Campeau's purchase ofAllied Stores Corporation,^[3] a department store holding corporation that owned such iconic department store brands as Jordan Marsh andMaas Brothers, as well as specialty stores such asBonwit Teller andAnn Taylor. DeBartolo lent Campeau $150 million to bridge the financing gap for the acquisition. Campeau repaid the money.^[4] In 1986, DeBartolo assisted in financing Allied Stores Corporation's acquisition ofFederated Department Stores,^[3] a department store holding company and the owner of, among other assets, Macy's and Bloomingdale's department stores. DeBartolo provided nearly $500 million in financing.^[5] In 1990, Federated went bankrupt, defaulting on the repayment of the loans made by DeBartolo;^[3] it emerged from bankruptcy after the ouster of Campeau in 1992 as a new public company under the name "Macy's, Inc."^[6] During the course of the bankruptcy, DeBartolo'scash flow was severely impaired, due to Federated's nonpayment as well as the real estate recession of the time. DeBartolo's Federated positions were all realigned when Federated emerged from bankruptcy.

In May 1988, theSecurities and Exchange Commission began a probe against him to determine whether DeBartolo had secretly and illegally aidedPaul Bilzerian's hostile takeover attempts through "stock parking", in which one party purchases shares in coordination with another to keep legal ownership separated and avoid either party's holdings exceeding disclosure thresholds.^[7]

In 1988, DeBartolo partnered withDillard's Department Stores to buyHigbee's ofCleveland, Ohio.^[8] In 1992, William Dillard, founder of Dillard's, bought DeBartolo's share,^[9] except for the property interest in Higbee's Public Square flagship store in Cleveland (sold to Tower City in 2001), and renamed it the Higbee chain.^[3] DeBartolo's idea of a retail real estate developer going forward with new projects easily and quickly by virtue of anchor stores which he owned,^[10] would never become a reality.

As a result of several years' impaired cash flow, DeBartolo prepared to take his company public as a real estate investment trust or "REIT". Most of DeBartolo's competitors were preparing to do the same, their operations suffering from a lack of capital in the private markets. In late 1993, the two largest shopping center companies at the time, DeBartolo andSimon were coming to the market simultaneously. Their advisors informed them that the capital markets could not absorb that much equity; either one of them must back down or prices would suffer severely. DeBartolo agreed to withdraw. In April 1994, most of the properties owned by The Edward J. DeBartolo Corporation were transferred to DeBartolo Realty Corporation, a public REIT, in its initial public offering.^[5] The new company was chaired byEdward J. DeBartolo Jr.; DeBartolo Sr. was unwilling to deal personally with the constraints of running a public company. In 1996, DeBartolo Realty Corporation was acquired bySimon Property Group, the public REIT formed by DeBartolo's longtime competitors,Melvin andHerbert Simon.^[11]

DeBartolo's contributions to the campus at theUniversity of Notre Dame include a $33 million donation, the largest ever given to both Notre Dame and ever received by a college in Indiana at the time, which funded the Marie P. DeBartolo Center for the Performing Arts, the Edward J. DeBartolo Classroom Facility, and the quad surrounding the facility.^[12] The facilities have since been renamed the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, DeBartolo Hall, and DeBartolo Quad.^[13][14][15] There is also a DeBartolo Hall on the campus ofYoungstown State University (YSU),^[16] in his hometown of Youngstown, where DeBartolo has made many endowments to YSU. The DeBartolo Corporation continues to be based in nearbyBoardman, Ohio.

DeBartolo purchased theSan Francisco 49ers in 1977, giving the team to his son. DeBartolo Jr. devoted significant resources to the team, became an expert in team management and player relations, and made it the most successfulNFL franchise in the 1980s.^[1]

DeBartolo founded thePittsburgh Maulers of theUnited States Football League in March 1983, but folded the team after the first season (1984) when the league announced it would move to a fall schedule, the same time as the NFL'sPittsburgh Steelers.^[17]

The family also owned thePittsburgh Penguins of theNational Hockey League from February 1977 until selling it to an ownership group led byHoward Baldwin in November 1991.^[5] The Penguins would win theStanley Cup in 1991, just before the sale. DeBartolo's name would be engraved on the Stanley Cup along with that of his daughterDenise DeBartolo York.^[18] DeBartolo said at a rally after the first win that the occasion was "possibly the happiest moment of my life."^[19]

DeBartolo owned thePittsburgh Spirit soccer team from 1978 to 1986.^[20]

DeBartolo owned and developed three thoroughbred racetracks –Thistledown inNorth Randall, Ohio,Remington Park inOklahoma City, andLouisiana Downs inBossier City, Louisiana.^[2][1] This involvement inhorse racing was a factor in his unsuccessful $20 million attempt to purchase theChicago White Sox fromBill Veeck which fell two votes short of the necessary three-quarters approval fromAmerican League owners on October 24, 1980.Commissioner of BaseballBowie Kuhn invoked the "best interests of baseball" clause to dissuade the owners from approving the sale additionally on the grounds ofabsentee ownership and a potential franchise move toNew Orleans.^[21] The White Sox were eventually sold to an investment group led byJerry Reinsdorf andEddie Einhorn three months later on January 29, 1981.^[22]

DeBartolo died ofpneumonia on December 19, 1994, inYoungstown, Ohio, at the age of 85.^[23][2]