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East London Mosque

TheEast London Mosque (ELM) is situated in theLondon Borough of Tower Hamlets betweenWhitechapel andAldgate East.[2] Combined with the adjoiningLondon Muslim Centre andMaryam Centre, it is one of the largest mosques inWestern Europe accommodating more than 7,000 worshippers for congregational prayers.[1] The mosque was one of the first in the UK to be allowed to use loudspeakers to broadcast theadhan.[3]

East London Mosque
Religion
AffiliationSunni Islam
LeadershipHead Imam:
Abdul Qayum
CEO:
Junaid Ahmed
Chairman:
Abdul-Hayee Murshad
Year consecrated1985
Statusactive
Location
LocationWhitechapel,Tower Hamlets,London,England
StateEngland
Map
Geographic coordinates51°31′03″N0°03′56″W / 51.5176°N 0.0656°W /51.5176; -0.0656
Architecture
Architect(s)Webb Gray Ltd (2011–2015)
Studio Klaschka Ltd (2007–2010)
Markland Klaschka Limited (2002–2004)
John Gill Associates (1982–1985)
TypeMosque
StyleIslamic architecture
Construction cost£22.3 million (including complex)
Specifications
Capacity7,000[1]
Dome(s)1
Minaret(s)3
Website
www.eastlondonmosque.org.uk

Building details

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Construction of the three-storey East London Mosque began in 1982 on land left empty after bombing duringWorld War II, and was completed in 1985. The architect was John Gill Associates.[4] The exterior is a distinctive brick pattern in two colours, with the front facing Whitechapel Road and the rear on Fieldgate Street. The mosque is capped with a golden dome of about 8.5m diameter. The minaret rises to about 28.5m above ground level, and the main entrance is finished with two smaller copies of the minaret. The mosque has two large halls, a gallery, classrooms, offices and a retail unit.

Construction for phase 1 of the mosque's expansion, called the London Muslim Centre, began in 2002 and was completed in 2004. Adjoining and connected to the mosque, it is a six-storey building with a prominent entrance featuring a sweeping mosaic pattern. The centre has two multipurpose halls, a seminar suite, a nursery, classrooms, a fitness centre, a small Islamic library, a radio station, retail units and offices. It was designed by Markland Klaschka Limited.[5]

In 2009 phase 2 commenced,[6] a nine-storey addition on the Fieldgate Street side to be known as the Maryam Centre, on a site originally used by the mosque's funeral services,[7] designed by the same architect.[8] The Maryam Centre opened to the public on 4 July 2013, adding a new main prayer hall, improved funeral services, a visitor centre, and over five floors of facilities for women including prayer spaces, education facilities, a fitness centre, and support services.

History

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The prayer room of the original East London Mosque during the Eid ul Fitr celebrations in 1941

1910–1939: The London Mosque Fund

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At the beginning of the 20th century, London was the capital of the extensiveBritish Empire, which contained many millions of Muslims, but had no mosque for Muslim residents or visitors. On 9 November 1910, at a meeting of Muslims and non-Muslims at theRitz Hotel, the London Mosque Fund was established with the aims of organising weekly Friday prayers and providing a permanent place of worship for Muslims in London.[9]

People associated with the London Mosque Fund over the years include:[10]

1940–1974: The original East London Mosque

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From 1910 to 1940 various rooms had been hired forJumu'ah prayers on Fridays. Finally, in 1940, three houses were purchased at 446–448 Commercial Road in the east end of London as a permanent place of prayer. On 2 August 1941 the combined houses were inaugurated as the 'East London Mosque and Islamic Culture Centre' at a ceremony attended by the Egyptian Ambassador, Colonel Sir Gordon Neal (representing the Secretary of State for India). The first prayer was led by the Ambassador for Saudi Arabia, ShaikhHafiz Wahba.[13] The number of East Pakistanis in Britain, one of the largest Muslim ethnic groups in the country, rose from 2,000 in 1951 to 6,000 in 1961. The increase was due mainly to immigration from the small towns ofSylhet division,[15] in what becameBangladesh in 1971. During the 1970s, the Bangladeshi-origin population in Britain grew from 22,000 to 65,000.[16]

1975–1984: Preparing for a purpose-built mosque

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In 1975 the local authority bought the properties in Commercial Road under acompulsory purchase order, in return providing a site with temporary buildings onWhitechapel Road next to theFieldgate Street Great Synagogue. The local community set about raising funds to erect a purpose-built mosque on the site.King Fahd ofSaudi Arabia donated £1.1 million of the £2 million fund,[17][18] and the governments ofKuwait and Britain also donated to the fund.[19] Seven years later, the building of the new mosque commenced, with foundations laid in 1982 and construction completed in 1985.

1985–2000: The new East London Mosque

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It was one of the first mosques in the United Kingdom to broadcast theadhan (call to prayer) from theminaret using loudspeakers.[3] Some local non-Muslim residents protested it asnoise pollution, leading to coverage by theDaily Mail and theDaily Star; in response, local Church of England clerics gave their support for the adhan in a letter to theEast London Advertiser.[3] It had a capacity of 2,000, with prayer areas for men and women, and classroom space for supplementary education. However, by the 1990s the capacity was already insufficient for the growing congregation and for the range of projects based there. The land next to the mosque had been left vacant after bomb damage during World War II, and was used as a car park. Under the leadership of chairman Haji Akbor Ali, the mosque launched a campaign to buy the land; the purchase was completed in 1999.[20]

2001–2008: The London Muslim Centre

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London Muslim Centre front entrance

In 2001Prince Charles launched the project to build the London Muslim Centre (LMC).[21] Construction began in 2002, and the new centre opened on 11 June 2004, with over 15,000 people attending the opening prayers.[22][23] The prayer capacity of the mosque and centre rose to about 5,000, with a greatly increased range of services. The building cost £10.4 million, funding was provided by theLondon Development Agency,[24]European Development Fund,London Borough of Tower Hamlets andSure Start. Around £4 million was donated by members of the public.[23][25]

 
London Muslim centre rear view

On the opening daySheikh Abdur Rahman Al-Sudais, Imam of theGreat Mosque of Mecca, led the Friday prayer. Amongst the guests were Racial Equality MinisterFiona Mactaggart, the chair of theEquality and Human Rights CommissionTrevor Phillips and senior officials from theMuslim Council of Britain. Prince Charles, who was in Washington for the funeral of former US presidentRonald Reagan, sent a video message of support.[25]

In July 2004 the Malaysian prime minister,Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, visited the mosque and centre.[26]

In November 2004 Prince Charles returned to see the centre.[27] The following monthElizabeth II featured excerpts of his visit in herChristmas message.[28][29]

Following the7 July 2005 London bombings, on 22 July, the mosque was evacuated due to a bomb hoax. The hoax was blamed on extremist Muslims after it condemned the 7/7 bombings and opposed extremist teaching.[30]

In July 2008 theLord Chief Justice,Lord Phillips, delivered a speech on "Equality Before The Law" at an event highlighting thepro bono legal service at the LMC.[31]

In October 2008 the East London Mosque and London Muslim Centre wonIslam Channel's Super Model Mosque award presented at theGlobal Peace and Unity event at the Excel Centre.[32][33]

In December 2008 the East London Mosque planned to allow Noor Pro Media to hold a conference on 1 January 2009 which would include a videotaped lecture byAnwar al-Awlaki. FormerShadow Home SecretaryDominic Grieve expressed concern over al-Awlaki's involvement. A spokesman for the mosque said that "Mr Awlaki has not been proven guilty in a court of law. Everyone is entitled to their point of view", and that "We didn't organise this event, they are just using our facilities."[34][35] But the controversy brought the mosque management to review and tighten its booking procedures for private hire of facilities by third-party groups; subsequently, publicity materials were to be approved previous to booking mosque space for events. This was accompanied by a strong statement: "The mosque will not tolerate its facilities being used for extremist groups or speakers and is now vetting all speakers and publicity materials." Shortly after, at the end of January 2009 Awlaki published his views on Jihad and more information about him gradually emerged. The mosque then decided to ban all materials from Awlaki; people who had already hired the mosque's facilities for public events and were planning to use Awlaki's materials had to remove said materials from their program.
Later in 2009, Al-Awlaki expressed support of theFort Hood murders; the mosque issued a statement condemning his extreme views and renewed that condemnation at the end of 2009 when possible connections toUmar Farouk Abdulmutallab emerged. It also prohibited the sale or distribution of Awlaki materials in the mosque and its centre.[36]

From 2009: The Maryam Centre and the neighbouring Synagogue

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19 Jun 2009: construction began of the mosque's Phase 2 expansion, the 'Maryam Centre'.[6]

4 Mar 2010: hosted 'The BIG Read' organised with IF Charity,Islamic Forum Europe,Muslim Aid, and Tower Hamlets Council, and broke the world record for 'Most children reading with an adult', with 3,234 children listened to readings fromRoald Dahl'sCharlie and the Chocolate Factory.[37][38]

5 Mar 2010: hosted theBBC's weekly live topical debateAny Questions?, chaired byJonathan Dimbleby and with panellistsKen Livingstone (former Mayor of London), Shadow Business SecretaryKenneth Clarke,Mehdi Hasan (senior politics editor at theNew Statesman) andJulia Goldsworthy (Liberal Democrat spokesperson onCommunities and Local Government).[39]

25 Aug 2010: subject of a BBC documentary,Middle EastEnders, that "chronicles the setbacks and triumphs of an institution which has shaped the identity of a corner of London", timed to anticipate the centenary of the mosque.[40]

4 Sep 2010: the mosque raised over £1.1 million in one night in Ramadan onChannel S,[41] breaking the record for ethnic television for the third year in a row, in an appeal for the building of their Phase 2 expansion.[42]

24 Jun 2011: first beehive installed on roof of London Muslim Centre.[43]

3 Sep 2011: theEnglish Defence League (EDL) wanted to march past the mosque, but after widespread opposition[44] were prevented by a ban imposed byHome SecretaryTheresa May. The EDL instead held a static demonstration in Aldgate, and were stopped by police from entering Tower Hamlets, whilst a larger 'United East End' counter-demonstration was held by an alliance of groups and organisations.[45]

20 Jan 2012: the president of theInternational Court of Justice,Hisashi Owada, delivered the keynote speech at Evolving World at the London Muslim Centre.[46]

4 Jul 2013: the Maryam Centre opens to the public, increasing the capacity for prayers to over 7,000 people.[47]

28 Oct 2013: the president of Bosnia and Herzegovina,Bakir Izetbegović visited the Mosque and Centre for an evening dinner reception. He delivered a key note speech to guests and dignitaries in attendance.[48]

15 Jan 2015: launch of Britain's first ever Muslim archives in a joint project withThe National Archives, with guests Jeff James, CEO of The National Archives,Simon Hughes andSadiq Khan.[49][50]

June 2015: Purchase of theFieldgate Street Great Synagogue[51]

30 Sep 2015: subject of BBC documentaryWelcome to the Mosque by filmmaker Robb Leech.[52]

Management

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The East London Mosque and London Muslim Centre in their wider setting on Whitechapel Road

The East London Mosque Trust is a registered charity[53] (previously registered as The London Mosque Fund)[54] and a private company (limited by guarantee, no share capital).[55] The mosque is managed by trustees who are elected biennially by its members at the Annual General Meeting.[56] The Director is Dilowar Hussain Khan, TheKhatib and HeadImam of the mosque isAbdul Qayum, the CEO is Junaid Ahmed, and the Chairman is Abdul-Hayee Murshad.

External relations

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The mosque is a member of the Tower Hamlets Inter Faith Forum,[57] a founding member ofThe East London Communities Organisation (TELCO),[58] and an affiliate of theMuslim Council of Britain.[59] TheIslamic Forum of Europe (IFE) and the mosque are very closely intertwined,[60] the organisation was created in 1989 by Muslims involved in the running of the East London Mosque.[61] Some of the mosque's practices reflect theHanafi school of law.[62]

Gay rights campaigners accused the mosque of hosting homophobic speakers,[63][64] although the mosque had earlier condemned homophobia.[65][66] In 2014Oxfam cancelled an event at the mosque after it learned the headline speaker,Ibrahim Hewitt, had written a book in 1994 for GCSE students,What does Islam say, calling homosexuality a "great sin" and saying gay people should be "severely punished" under Islamic law.[67][68]

In July 2017 the mosque and others complained toPride London about placards displayed in their march by theCouncil of Ex-Muslims of Britain (CEMB), claiming they were Islamophobic.[69] Gay rights campaignerPeter Tatchell defended the CEMB and criticised the mosque's record on homophobia, writing "In the last two years, I and my colleagues at the Peter Tatchell Foundation have 11 times contacted the mosque and LMC, requesting them to have a dialogue with the LGBT community: to build bridges and solidarity between LGBTs and Muslims to combat the prejudice, discrimination and violence that both communities suffer. All our requests have been rebuffed."[70][71][72] In reply, the mosque stated it had met with LGBT groups, and also with Tatchell himself in 2012.[73]

Prominent visitors

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Prominent imams and Muslim scholars who have visited the mosque:Abdul Rahman Al-Sudais[74] andSaud Al-Shuraim (imams ofMasjid al-Haram),Salah Al Budair (imam ofAl-Masjid al-Nabawi and a judge of the High Court of Madina),Adel Salem Al Kalbani (former Imam of Masjid al-Haram),Mustafa Cerić (Grand Mufti of Bosnia),Delwar Hossain Sayeedi (former MP of Bangladesh and one of the leaders of theJamaat-e-Islami),[75]Ismail ibn Musa Menk (Mufti of Zimbabwe).[76]

British politicians who have visited the mosque:Fiona MacTaggart (former Home Office Minister),[77]Sadiq Khan (Mayor of London),[49]Simon Hughes (former Minister of State for Justice and Civil Liberties)[49] andBoris Johnson (then Mayor of London).[78][79]

Other visitors includePrince Charles,[21]Prince William,Abdullah Ahmad Badawi (former Prime Minister of Malaysia),[26]Dzulkefly Ahmad, (Health Minister of Malaysia),Brendan Barber (Secretary General of TUC),[80]Louis Susman (United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom),[81]Sarah Mullally (Church of England,Bishop of London).[82]

Services

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Dome of the mosque viewed from the rear
 
The interior of the dome in the mosque

The mosque has a stated mission to:

"serve, educate and inspire."

— Annual Review 2013–14, East London Mosque Trust[83]

The Friday sermon is delivered in Arabic, Bengali and English.

Services provided to the community include: nursery, primary and secondary schools; supplementary education; library; fitness centres; wedding and conference hire; support for deaf children and adults; ICT Training and English classes; advice and counselling; and exhibitions and open days.[83]

The mosque previously ranMuslim Community Radio (MCR), in partnership with theIslamic Forum of Europe, which started to broadcast in 1998 through an RSL, then throughSpectrum. In the month of Ramadan from 2001 to 2013 MCR broadcast 24 hours a day across parts of east London. In 2005 it moved into a new studio in the London Muslim Centre. It was run by volunteers, and provided programmes in English, Bengali and Arabic.[84]

See also

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References

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  1. ^abSherwood, Harriet (7 February 2016)."Visit My Mosque day: questions from prayers to beards answered".The Guardian.Archived from the original on 3 July 2017. Retrieved7 June 2017.
  2. ^Religion in England and Wales 2011Archived 7 January 2016 at theUK Government Web Archive Office for National Statistics
  3. ^abcEade, John (1996). "Nationalism, Community, and the Islamization of Space in London". In Metcalf, Barbara Daly (ed.).Making Muslim Space in North America and Europe. Berkeley: University of California Press.ISBN 0520204042. Retrieved16 May 2022.The mosque committee was determined from the outset, moreover, to remind local people of the building's religious function as loudly as possible. As one of the few mosques in Britain permitted to broadcast calls to prayer (azan), the mosque soon found itself at the center of a public debate about "noise pollution" when local non-Muslim residents began to protest.
  4. ^"A Century of Service". Emel Media Ltd. January 2011.Archived from the original on 27 April 2014. Retrieved24 April 2014.
  5. ^Project page for the London Muslim Centre Markland Klaschka Limited
  6. ^abPhase 2Archived 29 May 2010 at theWayback Machine East London Mosque & London Muslim Centre
  7. ^The East London Mosque: 100 years of co-operationArchived 2 February 2011 at theWayback Machine BBC London
  8. ^East London Mosque Phase 2Archived 24 February 2015 at theWayback Machine Studio Klaschka Ltd
  9. ^Humayun Ansari, ed. (30 June 2011).The Making of the East London Mosque, 1910-1951: Minutes of the London Mosque Fund and East London Mosque Trust Ltd (Camden Fifth Series). Cambridge University Press.ASIN 1107014921.
  10. ^The Times, 2 August 1941
  11. ^Khizar Humayun Ansari, "Ali, Abdullah Yusuf (1872–1953)",Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Oct 2012; online edn, Jan 2013accessed 6 February 2020
  12. ^"London Muslim Centre". East London Mosque. 12 February 2017.Archived from the original on 6 February 2020. Retrieved6 February 2020.
  13. ^abHistory of East London MosqueArchived 6 February 2015 at theWayback Machine East London Mosque & London Muslim Centre
  14. ^Visit the City – East London Mosque & London Muslim Centre City of London
  15. ^Kibria, Nazli (1996).Muslims in Motion: Islam and National Identity in the Bangladeshi Diaspora. Rutgers University Press. pp. 79–80.ISBN 978-0-8135-5055-8.
  16. ^Kibria, Nazli (1996).Muslims in Motion: Islam and National Identity in the Bangladeshi Diaspora. Rutgers University Press. pp. 84–85.ISBN 978-0-8135-5055-8.
  17. ^"Survey of London | East London Mosque".surveyoflondon.org.Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved27 May 2017.
  18. ^Eade, John (1996). "Nationalism, Community, and the Islamization of Space in London". In Metcalf, Barbara Daly (ed.).Making Muslim Space in North America and Europe. Berkeley: University of California Press.ISBN 0520204042. Retrieved5 June 2017.
  19. ^Kibria, Nazli (1996).Muslims in Motion: Islam and National Identity in the Bangladeshi Diaspora. Rutgers University Press. p. 103.ISBN 0813550556.
  20. ^East London Advertiser, 2 December 1999
  21. ^abPrince joins Ramadan ceremonyArchived 19 September 2020 at theWayback Machine BBC website
  22. ^Crowds flock to new Muslim centreArchived 31 July 2004 at theWayback Machine BBC website
  23. ^abNew Muslim centre opens its doorsArchived 31 August 2006 at theWayback Machine BBC website
  24. ^Gilligan, Andrew (6 March 2010)."Islamists got voters out for Livingstone".The Telegraph.Archived from the original on 21 January 2018. Retrieved5 April 2018.
  25. ^abAnnual Report 2005-06Archived 23 September 2015 at theWayback Machine. East London Mosque Trust Ltd. Retrieved on 2015-02-18
  26. ^abBritish Prime Minister Blair praises MalaysiaThe Star, 24 July 2004
  27. ^Royal seal of approval for centreArchived 23 October 2021 at theWayback Machine BBC website
  28. ^Queen calls for tolerance in UKArchived 28 February 2007 at theWayback Machine BBC website
  29. ^"Queen's Christmas Message | C-SPAN.org".www.c-span.org.Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved12 August 2019.
  30. ^Iggulden, Amy (22 July 2005)."Mosque 'punished by the extremists'".The Telegraph.Archived from the original on 27 December 2017. Retrieved5 April 2018.
  31. ^"Equality Before the Law"(PDF).Archived(PDF) from the original on 27 February 2015. Retrieved27 February 2015.
  32. ^Model Mosque Competition Global Peace and Unity
  33. ^Britain's Muslims Vote their Best Mosques IslamOnline (5 November 2008), by Emdad Rahman.
  34. ^Muslim groups 'linked to September 11 hijackers spark fury over conference'Archived 27 December 2017 at theWayback Machine Gordon Raynor,The Daily Telegraph, 27 December 2008
  35. ^"Councillor slams Muslim lecture New York in flames' poster".East London Advertiser. 31 December 2008.Archived from the original on 12 August 2019. Retrieved12 August 2019.
  36. ^"ELM Trust Statement on Anwar Al-Awlaki", oneastlondonmosque.org.uk. Summary of the statement published on November 6, 2010; with a link to the full statement.
  37. ^The Big Read IF Charity
  38. ^Case Study - Most children reading with an adult Guinness World Records
  39. ^Any Questions - 5 March 2010Archived 9 March 2010 at theWayback Machine BBC Radio 4
  40. ^Middle EastEndersArchived 5 September 2010 at theWayback Machine BBC
  41. ^Record-breaking Ramadan fundraising at East London MosqueArchived 22 March 2012 at theWayback Machine East London Advertiser
  42. ^£1.1m record-breaking success for the East London Mosque!Archived 27 February 2015 at theWayback Machine East London Mosque
  43. ^Annual Report 2011-12Archived 23 September 2015 at theWayback Machine East London Mosque Trust
  44. ^21,000 oppose EDL march that will 'target mosque' The London Evening Standard
  45. ^EDL London march halted by policeArchived 9 March 2016 at theWayback Machine The Guardian
  46. ^Evolving World - Owada details vision for future world of international lawArchived 2 October 2013 at theWayback Machine East London Mosque
  47. ^New East London Mosque development opens doors before RamadanArchived 2 April 2015 at theWayback Machine East London Advertiser
  48. ^ELM News February 2014Archived 19 February 2015 at theWayback Machine East London Mosque
  49. ^abcFirst British Muslim Archives LaunchedArchived 18 February 2015 at theWayback Machine Westminster Echo
  50. ^minutes, accounts, membership records, deeds and publicationsArchived 18 February 2015 at theWayback Machine The National Archives
  51. ^[1] Thejc
  52. ^Welcome to the MosqueArchived 1 October 2015 at theWayback Machine BBC
  53. ^East London Mosque Trust Charity Commission
  54. ^The London Mosque FundArchived 21 January 2009 at theWayback Machine Charity Commission
  55. ^The East London Mosque Trust LimitedArchived 5 August 2017 at theWayback Machine Companies House
  56. ^New Board of Trustees 2013-15Archived 27 March 2014 at theWayback Machine East London Mosque
  57. ^"Faith in Tower Hamlets".Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved12 August 2019.
  58. ^"TELCO". Archived fromthe original on 9 April 2012.
  59. ^"Muslim Council of Britain - MCB".Muslim Council of Britain (MCB).Archived from the original on 11 May 2019. Retrieved12 August 2019.
  60. ^Telegraph.co.uk 28 February 2010. Retrieved on 2010-09-12.
  61. ^"Exposing 'Dispatches'"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 31 March 2010. Retrieved8 September 2010.
  62. ^Muslims in the Diaspora: The Somali Communities of London and Toronto (page 38) Rima Berns McGown, 1999,ISBN 978-0-8020-8281-7
  63. ^Butt, Riazat (9 June 2011)."Ban homophobic clerics from mosques, gay rights campaigners urge".The Guardian.Archived from the original on 7 May 2017. Retrieved14 December 2016.
  64. ^"Mosque under pressure opens doors to visitors".www.churchtimes.co.uk.Archived from the original on 5 August 2017. Retrieved5 August 2017.
  65. ^"East London Mosque and mayor condemn anti-gay stickers".Pink News. 17 February 2011.Archived from the original on 10 December 2013. Retrieved19 December 2013.
  66. ^"East London Mosque bans homophobes".Time Out. 21 June 2011.Archived from the original on 19 December 2013. Retrieved19 December 2013.
  67. ^Barnett, Adam."Oxfam cancels event at East London Mosque over 'homophobic' speaker".East London Advertiser.Archived from the original on 5 January 2016. Retrieved5 August 2017.
  68. ^Marsh, Stefanie."Desperately seeking the Bethnal Green girls".The Times.Archived from the original on 4 April 2016. Retrieved5 August 2017.
  69. ^"Statement condemning incitement of Islamophobic hatred against the East London Mosque".eastlondonmosque.org.uk. 20 July 2017.Archived from the original on 11 August 2017. Retrieved11 August 2017.
  70. ^Tatchell, Peter."East London mosque has history of hosting homophobic hate preachers".www.petertatchell.net.Archived from the original on 5 August 2017. Retrieved5 August 2017.
  71. ^"Ex-Muslim group hit back after Pride 'Allah is gay' sign row".PinkNews.Archived from the original on 5 August 2017. Retrieved5 August 2017.
  72. ^"Muslim leaders complain over 'Islamophobic' banners at Pride".Evening Standard. 14 July 2017.Archived from the original on 8 August 2017. Retrieved5 August 2017.
  73. ^"Letter to Pride in London regarding Islamophobia".eastlondonmosque.org.uk. 8 August 2017.Archived from the original on 11 August 2017. Retrieved11 August 2017.
  74. ^Al-Sudais launches second expansion of London mosqueArchived 13 September 2012 at theWayback Machine Saudi Gazette. Retrieved on 2010-09-13.
  75. ^The TimesArchived 27 February 2007 at theWayback Machine 14 July 2006. Retrieved on 2010-08-22.
  76. ^"'A REWARDING RAMADAN' WITH MUFTI MENK | East London Mosque". Archived fromthe original on 23 May 2018.
  77. ^Makkah imam leads prayers in LondonArchived 4 March 2016 at theWayback Machine DAWN.com
  78. ^Mayor calls for greater understanding of Muslim communitiesArchived 29 June 2011 at theWayback Machine Greater London Authority
  79. ^Boris Johnson: 'fast during Ramadan to understand Muslims' The Telegraph, 4 September 2009
  80. ^TUC wants Muslim 'poverty' endedArchived 17 May 2007 at theWayback Machine BBC
  81. ^"U.S. Diplomat Visits Controversial Mosque".Archived from the original on 18 February 2015. Retrieved18 February 2015.
  82. ^"The Bishop of London at East London Mosque". 15 March 2019.
  83. ^ab"ELM Annual Review 2013-2014"(PDF).Archived(PDF) from the original on 29 May 2015. Retrieved4 January 2016.
  84. ^"Muslim Community Radio - 87.9FM". 26 August 2009. Archived fromthe original on 26 August 2009.

External links

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