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List of domesticated animals

(Redirected fromDomesticated animal)

This page gives alist of domesticated animals,[1] also including a list ofanimals which are or may be currently undergoing the process of domestication and animals that have an extensive relationship with humans beyond simple predation. This includes species which are semi-domesticated, undomesticated butcaptive-bred on a commercial scale, or commonly wild-caught, at least occasionally captive-bred, andtameable. In order to be considered fully domesticated, most species have undergone significantgenetic,behavioural andmorphological changes from their wild ancestors, while others have changed very little from their wild ancestors despite hundreds or thousands of years of potentialselective breeding. A number of factors determine how quickly any changes may occur in a species, but there is not always a desire to improve a species from its wild form. Domestication is a gradual process, so there is no precise moment in the history of a given species when it can be considered to have become fully domesticated.

Zooarchaeology has identified three classes of animal domesticates:

  1. Pets (dogs,cats,ferrets,hamsters, etc.)
  2. Livestock (cattle,sheep,pigs,goats, etc.)
  3. Beasts of burden (horses,camels,donkeys, etc.)[2]

Domesticated animals

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Species and subspeciesWild ancestorDateLocation of originPurposesImageChanges from wild ancestor/ NotesExtent in the wild vs. captivityTaxon group
Domestic dog (Canis familiaris)[3]ExtinctPleistocene population of thegrey wolf (Canis lupus ssp.)[4]13,000BCE[5][6]China,[7][8][9]

Europe[6] in different places in Asia

meat, leather,fiber, hunting, herding, guarding, fighting, racing, working, rescuing, guiding,policing, draft, pack, sport, service, therapy,narcotics detection, truffle harvesting, pest control, research, education, show, pets Tame (with exceptions),[10] significant physical changes, probably significant behavioral changes as wellDomestic andferal dogs both very common,[10] ancestor or nearest wild relative less common, but not rare1cCarnivora
Domestic sheep (Ovis aries)[3]Possibly theArmenian mouflon (Ovis gmelini gmelini)11 000 BCE to 9000 BCE[11][12]Anatolia,Iranmeat, milk, fiber, leather, hides, pelts, horns, vellum, manure, guarding, fighting, racing, lawn mowing, weed control, research, ornamental, show, pets Some physical changesCommon in captivity, threatened in the wild1bBovidae
Domestic pig (Sus domesticus)Anatolian boar (Sus scrofa libycus),[13]Northern Chinese boar (Sus scrofa moupinensis)[14]9400 BCE[15][16][17][18]China,Western Asiameat, leather, tusks, manure, guarding, fighting, racing, truffle harvesting, weed control, research, show, pets Some physical changesCommon in the wild, much more common in captivity, feral populations common in some areas1aArtiodactyla exceptBovidae
European cattle or taurine cattle (Bos taurus)[3][19][20]Eurasian aurochs (Bos primigenius primigenius)†8500 BCE[21][22]China,[23]Western Asiameat, milk, leather, hides, fiber, horns, vellum, blood, dung, working, plowing, guarding, fighting, racing, draft, mount, soil fertilization, lawn mowing, weed control, worship, show, pets Some physical changesVery common in captivity, wild relatives extinct, feral populations fairly common1bBovidae
Domestic goat (Capra hircus)Bezoar ibex (Capra aegagrus aegagrus)8000 BCE[24][25][26]Iranmilk, meat, fiber, skin, horns, vellum, manure, guarding, fighting, racing, lawn mowing, weed control, clearing land, show, pets Slight physical changesCommon in captivity, threatened in the wild, feral populations common1bBovidae
Zebu, Brahman cattle, indicine cattle or humped cattle (Bos indicus)[3]Indian aurochs (Bos primigenius namadicus)†8000 BCEIndian Subcontinentmeat, milk, leather, hides, horns, vellum, blood, dung, working, plowing, fighting, racing, draft, soil fertilization, lawn mowing, show, pets Considerable physical changesCommon in captivity, wild relatives extinct1bBovidae
Domestic cat or house cat (Felis catus)[3]CommonNorth African wildcat (Felis lybica lybica)[27]8000–7500 BCE[27]theNear Eastmeat, pelts, pest control, research,show, pets Tame, slight physical changesVery abundant in captivity; true wildcat species less abundant, though not rare,feral populations very common1cCarnivora
Domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus)Bangladesh red junglefowl (Gallus gallus murghi) with some contribution from thegrey junglefowl (Gallus sonneratii)6000 BCE[28]India andSoutheast Asiameat, eggs, feathers, leather, manure, guarding, alarming, fighting, racing, pest control, weed control, ornamental, show, pets Some physical changes, considerable reproductive changesVery common in the wild and in captivity2bGalliformes
Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus)Montane guinea pig (Cavia tschudii)5000 BCEPerumeat, manure, racing, lawn mowing, weed control, research, show, pets Tame, slight physical changesSomewhat common in the wild and in captivity1dRodentia
Domestic donkey, domestic ass or burro (Equus asinus)African wild ass (Equus africanus), including subspeciesNubian (E. a. africanus) andSomali wild ass (E. a. somaliensis)[29]5000 BCE[30][31]Nubiameat, milk, manure, working, plowing, guarding, racing, draft, pack, mount, lawn mowing, weed control, show, pets Slight physical changesSomewhat common in captivity and as feral populations, wild relatives critically endangered1eOther mammals
Gayal or Mithun (Bos frontalis)[3]Gaur (Bos gaurus) with significantintrogression from otherBos species[32][33]5000 BCE[34]Southeast Asia,Northeast Indiameat, milk, horns, dung Slight physical changesSomewhat common in captivity, threatened in the wild1bBovidae
Domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus)Common mallard (Anas platyrhynchos platyrhynchos)4000 BCEChinameat, eggs, feathers, manure, guarding, pest control, weed control, ornamental, show, pets Considerable physical changesCommon in captivity, but more abundant in the wild2aAnseriformes
Domestic water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)[3]Wild water buffalo (Bubalus arnee)4000 BCEIndia,China, thePhilippinesmeat, milk, horns, dung, working, plowing, fighting, racing, draft, mount, lawn mowing, show Mainly unchanged from the wild animalCommon in captivity, endangered in the wild, feral populations common in parts of Australia and South America[35][36]1bBovidae
Dromedary or Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius)[37]Unknown4000 BCEArabia, theHorn of Africameat, milk, urine, racing, hunting, pack, mount, show, pets Tame, few physical changesModerately common in captivity, small feral population in original range, significantferal population in Australia, truly wild dromedaries may be extinct1aArtiodactyla exceptBovidae
Western honey bee (Apis mellifera) includingsubspeciesGerman (A. m. mellifera),Italian (A. m. ligustica),Carniolan (A. m. carnica),Caucasian (A. m. caucasia),Greek (A. m. cecropia),Saharan (A. m. sahariensis) andEgyptian honey bees (A. m. lamarckii)-4000 BCE(the modern era forA. m. mellifera, the 1880s forA. m. ligustica, uncertain forA. m. carnica,A. m. caucasia,A. m. cecropia,A. m. sahariensis andA. m. lamarckii)Europe (includingGermany,Italy,Greece,Slovenia and theUnited Kingdom),Georgia,North Africahoney, wax, propolis, bee brood, royal jelly, venom, pollen, pollination, research Some physical and behavioral changes, actual domestication status is still a point of contention[38]Very common in captivity, feral populations common, extent of status in the wild unclear; seeWestern honey bee for details6aHymenoptera
Domestic horse (Equus caballus)Extinct unknown population of thewild horse (Equus ferus), possibly thetarpan or European wild horse (E. f. ferus)†[39]4000-3500 BCE[40][41]Ukraine orKazakhstanmilk, meat, hair, manure, working, plowing, fighting, racing, servicing, guiding, draft, pack, mount, execution, lawn mowing, weed control, show, pets Tame, some physical changes, mainly in colourationCommon in captivity, very rare in the wild, feral populations common1eOther mammals
Bali cattle (Bos javanicus domesticus)Banteng (Bos javanicus)[42]3500 BCE[42]Bali,Indonesiameat, milk, horns, dung, working, plowing, draft, show Slight physical changesCommon in captivity, endangered in the wild1bBovidae
Domestic silkmoth (Bombyx mori)Wild silkmoth (Bombyx mandarina)3000 BCEChinasilk, animal feed, pets Tame/held in captivity, some physical changesFairly common in captivity, extent of status in the wild unclear6bLepidoptera
Eri silkmoth (Samia ricini)Ailanthus silkmoth (Samia cynthia) andwild eri silkmoth (Samia canningi)date uncertainIndiasilk, pets Tame/held in captivity, some physical changesCommon in captivity6bLepidoptera
Domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica)Rock dove (Columba livia)3000 BCEtheMediterranean Basinmeat, manure, racing, messenger, ornamental, show, pets Artificially selected and bred into many varieties including meat breeds, racing/messenger breeds and fancy plumage breedsRelatively common in captivity, very common in the wild, feral populations extremely abundant2cColumbiformes
Domestic goose anddomestic swan goose (Anser anser domesticus andA. cygnoides domesticus)Greylag goose (Anser anser) andswan goose (A. cygnoides)3000 BCE forA. anser, date uncertain forA. cygnoides[43]Egypt (A. anser),China (A. cygnoides)meat, eggs, feathers, manure, guarding, alarming, pest control, weed control, show, pets Considerable physical changesCommon in the wild and in captivity2aAnseriformes
Domestic yak (Bos grunniens)[3]Wild yak (Bos mutus)2500 BCETibet,Nepalmeat, milk, fiber, horns, dung, working, plowing, guarding, fighting, racing, pack, mount, show, pets Tame, slight physical changesFairly common in captivity; threatened in the wild1bBovidae
Domestic Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus)Wild Bactrian camel (Camelus ferus)2500 BCECentral Asia (Afghanistan)meat, milk, hair, dung, pack, mount, show, pets Tame, few physical changesModerately common in captivity, critically endangered in the wild1aArtiodactyla exceptBovidae
Llama (Lama glama)[3]Guanaco (Lama guanicoe cacsilensis)[44]2400 BCE[45]Peru,Boliviameat, fiber, manure, working, guarding, racing, draft, pack, lawn mowing, weed control, show, pets Slight physical changesFairly common in the wild and in captivity1aArtiodactyla exceptBovidae
Alpaca (Lama pacos)[3]Vicuña (Lama vicugna mensalis)[44]2400 BCE[45]Peru,Boliviameat, milk, fiber, manure, guarding, lawn mowing, weed control, show, pets Considerable physical changesFairly common in the wild and in captivity1aArtiodactyla exceptBovidae
Domestic guineafowl (Numida meleagris domesticus)West African helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris galeatus)2400 BCE[46]West Africameat, eggs, manure, guarding, alarming, pest control, show, pets Mainly unaltered from the wild populationSomewhat common in the wild and in captivity2bGalliformes
Fuegian dog or Yaghan dog†[47]Culpeo or Andean fox (Lycalopex culpaeus)date uncertain[48]Argentina,Chilehunting, guarding, warmth, pets Tame, slight physical changesExtinct1cCarnivora
Domestic ferret (Mustela furo)Common polecat (Mustela putorius putorius) and Mediterranean polecat (M. p. aureola)1500 BCE[49]North Africa,Iberiahunting, racing, pest control, show, pets Tame, slight physical changesCommon in captivity, somewhat common in the wild, feral populations rare1cCarnivora
Domestic Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata domestica)Wild Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata sylvestris)700–600 BCE[45]South Americameat, eggs, feathers, manure, guarding, pest control, show, pets Tame, some physical changesCommon in captivity, feral populations rare2aAnseriformes
Barbary dove or ringed turtle dove (Streptopelia risoria)African collared dove (Streptopelia roseogrisea)500 BCENorth Africameat, show, pets Slight physical changesCommon in both captivity and feral populations2cColumbiformes
Domestic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo domesticus)South Mexican wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo)180CE[45]Mexicomeat, eggs, feathers, manure, guarding, pest control, show, pets Considerable physical changesCommon in the wild and in captivity2bGalliformes
Goldfish (Carassius auratus)Prussian carp(Carassius gibelio)300 CE to 400 CEChinaracing, pest control, ornamental, show, pets Tame, significant physical changesVery common and abundant in captivity, extent of status in the wild unclear5aCyprinidae
Domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus)Iberian rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus algirus)[50]600 CE[51]Europemeat, fiber, pelts, manure, racing, lawn mowing, weed control, research, show, pets Tame, significant physical changesCommon in captivity, rare in native habitat, common in introduced range1eOther mammals
Koi (Cyprinus rubrofuscus)Amur carp (Cyprinus rubrofuscus)the 11th centuryCEJapanornamental, show, pets Tame, considerable physical changesFairly common in captivity, threatened in the wild5aCyprinidae
Japanese quail (C. japonica) orDomesticated quailJapanese quail (C. japonica)the 11~12th centuryCEJapanmeat, eggs, research, pets considerable physical changesCommon in the wild and in captivity2bGalliformes
Domestic canary (Serinus canaria domestica)Wild canary (Serinus canaria canaria)the 15th centuryCEtheCanary Islands,Europecoal mining, fighting, research, show, pets Slight physical changesCommon in the wild and in captivity2dPasseriformes
Society finch or Bengalese finch (Lonchura striata domestica)White-rumped munia or striated finch (Lonchura striata swinhoei) with some contribution from theIndian silverbill or white-throated munia (Euodice malabarica)unknown, may have been introduced to Japan sometime around the early 18th centuryCE[52]Japanpets, show, research Slight physical changesFairly common in captivity; common in the wild2dPasseriformes
Fancy mouse orlaboratory mouse (Mus musculus domestica)Western European house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus),Japanese house mouse (Mus musculus molossinus)1100 BCE (China), then the 17th centuryCE (Europe),[53] the 18th Century (Japan)China,Europe,Japananimal feed, racing, research, show, pets Tame, significant physical changesCommon in the wild and in captivity1dRodentia
Fancy rat orlaboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus domestica)Brown rat (Rattus norvegicus)the 19th centuryCE[54]theUnited Kingdomanimal feed, research, show, pets Tame, some physical and psychological changesCommon in the wild and in captivity1dRodentia
Domestic mink (Neogale vison domesticus)[55]Eastern mink (Neogale vison vison), Kenai mink (N. v. melampeplus) and Alaskan mink (N. v. ingens)Early 1860sCassadaga Lakes, New Yorkfur, hunting, pest control, pets Some physical and psychological changesSomewhat common in the wild and in captivity1cCarnivora
Domesticated silver fox (Vulpes vulpes)Red fox (Vulpes vulpes)late 19th century to 20th centuryCEPrince Edward Island/Soviet Union (Russia)[56]fur, pelts, research, pets Tame, some physical changesVery small domestic population, wild relatives fairly common1cCarnivora
Domesticated hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris,A. algirus,Hemiechinus auritus andH. collaris)Four-toed (Atelerix albiventris),Algerian (A. algirus),long-eared (Hemiechinus auritus) andIndian long-eared hedgehog (H. collaris)the 1980sCentral andEastern Africapets Slight physical changesCommon in the wild, somewhat rare in captivity1eOther mammals

Tame, partially domesticated, and widely captive-bred animals

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Due to the somewhat unclear outlines of what precisely constitutesdomestication, there are some species that may or may not be fully domesticated. There are also some species that are extensively commercially used by humans, but are not significantly altered from wild-type animals. Many animals on this second table are at least somewhat altered from wild-type animals due to their extensive interactions with humans, albeit not to the point that they are regarded as distinct forms (therefore, no separate wild ancestors are noted) or would be unable to survive if reintroduced to the wild.

Species and subspeciesDateLocation of originPurposeImageChanges from wild ancestor/ NotesExtent in the wild vs. captivityTaxon group
Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) including subspeciesSri Lankan (E. m. maximus),Indian (E. m. indicus),Sumatran (E. m. sumatranus),Bornean (E. m. borneensis) and formerlySyrian elephants (E. m. asurus)†[57][58][59]2000 BCE(uncertain forE. m. maximus,E. m. sumatranus,E. m. borneensis andE. m. asurus)†India,Sri Lanka,Sumatra,Nepal,Borneo,China,Indochina, formerlyIrandung, working, hunting, fighting, racing, transportation, mount, patrol, worship, show Individuals taken from the wild and tamed on a wide scaleSyrian subspecies extinct in the wild and in captivity; other subspecies somewhat common in captivity, but endangered in the wild[60][61]1eOther mammals
Domestic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus domesticus)3000 BCEFennoscandia, WesternRussia (possibly Eastern Russia),[62]
China,Mongolia		meat, milk, leather, hides, antlers, transportation, mount, pets 1aArtiodactyla exceptBovidae
Common (Struthio camelus) andSomali ostriches (S. molybdophanes)date uncertainAfrica,Mesopotamiameat, eggs, feathers, sacrifices 2fPalaeognathae
Scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah)2320–2150 BCEEgyptmeat, hides, horns, sacrifices Small captive population, but nearly extinct in the wild1bBovidae
Caracal (Caracal caracal)[63]date uncertain, possibly 200 BCEEgypt,India,Southern Africahunting, pest control, pets 1cCarnivora
Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) including subspeciesSoutheast African (A. j. jubatus),Northeast African (A. j. soemmeringii) andAsiatic cheetahs (A. j. venaticus)[64][65]1500 BCEEgypt,India, theMiddle East,South Africahunting, tourism, pets 1cCarnivora
Bubal hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus buselaphus)†date uncertainEgyptmeat, hides, horns, sacrifices Historically farmedExtinct in the wild and in captivity1bBovidae
Mandarin duck (Aix galericulata)pre-modern China (date uncertain)Chinapest control, ornamental, pets 2aAnseriformes
Egyptian goose (Alopochen aegyptiacus)date uncertainEgyptmeat, eggs, feathers, guarding, ornamental, pets Common in the wild and in captivity, feral populations very common2aAnseriformes
Leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis)[66]5000 BCEChinapest control, pets 1cCarnivora
Common genet (Genetta genetta)[67]date uncertainAfricapest control, pets 1cCarnivora
Eastern honey bee (Apis cerana) including subspeciesChinese (A. c. cerana),Indian (A. c. indica) andJapanese honey bees (A. c. japonica)date uncertainSouth Asia,Thailand,Japan,Chinahoney, wax, pollination 6aHymenoptera
European fallow (Dama dama) andPersian fallow deer (D. mesopotamica)[68]1000 BCEtheMediterranean Basin, theLevantmeat, hides, antlers, pets 1aArtiodactyla exceptBovidae
European medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis)[69][70]800 BCEEurope,Asiabloodletting, surgery, therapy, research, saliva, pets Captive-bred7bAnnelida
Cochineal (Dactylopius coccus)700–500 BCE[45]Chile,Peru,Mexicodye Very common in the wild6dOther insects
Indian (Pavo cristatus) andgreen peafowl (P. muticus)500 BCE(uncertain forP. muticus)India,Javameat, feathers, ornamental, guarding, pest control, pets Fairly common in the wild2bGalliformes
Common hill myna (Gracula religiosa)kept inancient Greece, date of captive breeding uncertainGreecepets, talking bird 2dPasseriformes
Rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri) including subspeciesAfrican (P. k. krameri) andIndian rose-ringed parakeets (P. k. manillensis);Alexandrine Parakeets (P. eupatria)classical antiquity (date uncertain)West Africa,Indiapets, talking bird Captive-bred,plumage colour changes2ePsittaciformes
Red deer (Cervus elaphus)[71][72] including subspeciesCaspian (C. e. maral),Norwegian (C. e. atlanticus) andScottish red deer (C. e. scoticus)~1 CEChina,Russia,Europe (including theUnited Kingdom),Iranmeat, milk, leather, hides, antlers, velvet, pets Captive-bred1aArtiodactyla exceptBovidae
Roman snail (Helix pomatia)100 CEEuropemeat, eggs, shells, slime, pets Captive-bred7aMollusca
Stingless bees (Melipona beecheii), (M. scutellaris), (M. bicolor), (M. quadrifasciata) and (M. subnitida)180 CEMexico, theAmazon Basinhoney, wax, propolis, pollination, pets 6aHymenoptera
White (Cacatua alba),sulphur-crested (C. galerita),Salmon-crested (C. moluccensis),blue-eyed (C. ophthalmica), andRed-vented cockatoos (C. haematuropygia);long-billed (C. tenuirostris),western (C. pastinator),little (C. sanguinea) andTanimbar corellas (C. goffiniana)theTang dynasty (618–907 CE)(C. alba)China,Australia,Indonesia,New Guineapets, show Captive-bred2ePsittaciformes
Great (Phalacrocorax carbo) andJapanese cormorants (P. capillatus)960 CEChina,Japanfishing 2hOther birds
Mute swan (Cygnus olor)1000-1500 CEEurope (including theUnited Kingdom)meat, feathers, ornamental, guarding, pets 2aAnseriformes
House cricket (Acheta domesticus)the 12th century CESouthwestern Asia,China,Japanmeat, animal feed, fighting, pets Somewhat common in captivity, very common in the wild6dOther insects
Common quail (Coturnix coturnix)1100–1900 CEEurasiameat, eggs, research, pets 2bGalliformes
Common carp (Cyprinus carpio)1200–1500 CEEurope,Asiameat, eggs, pets 5aCyprinidae
Java sparrow (Lonchura oryzivora)theMing dynasty (1368–1644 CE)Chinapets Non-wild coloration pied and fancy colored Java sparrows from long Asian captivity lines are hand tamableThreatened in the wild2dPasseriformes
Siamese fighting fish or betta (Betta splendens);Spotted betta (B. picta)the 19th centuryCE(uncertain forB. picta)Thailand,Malaysia,Borneofighting, show, pets Very significant physical and slight behavioral changesCommon in captivity5cAnabantiformes
Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) including subspecies masked bobwhite (C. v. ridgwayi)date uncertaintheUnited States,Sonorameat, eggs, feathers, pets Captive-bred, plumage changes2bGalliformes
European goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis)date uncertainEuropepets, singing Captive-bred2dPasseriformes
Indian grey mongoose (Urva edwardsii)date uncertainIndiapest control, fighting, pets 1cCarnivora
Golden (Chrysolophus pictus) andLady Amherst's pheasants (C. amherstiae)date uncertainChinaornamental, pest control, pets 2bGalliformes
Cassowary (Casuarius spp.),[32] especiallyCasuarius casuarius[73]date uncertainPapua New Guineameat, feathers, bones, toenails, ritual, status symbol Not fully domesticated; longstanding village-based rearing, traditionally wild-caught chicks reared by handStill relatively abundant in the wild but declining; captive rearing occurs in some highland villages2fPalaeognathae
Common (Phasianus colchicus) andgreen pheasants (P. versicolor)date uncertainAsia,Japanmeat, eggs, ornamental, pest control, pets 2bGalliformes
Sika deer (Cervus nippon)[74]date uncertainChina,Taiwan,Japanmeat, hides, antlers, tourism, pets 1aArtiodactyla exceptBovidae
Common (Taurotragus oryx) andGiant eland (T. derbianus)date uncertainZimbabwe,South Africa,Kenyameat, milk, leather, hides, horns 1bBovidae
American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)[75]date uncertainthesoutheastern United Statesmeat, hides, teeth, blood, pets Captive-bredOnce uncommon in the wild; captive breeding has led to the species both recovering across and repopulating much of its range.3dOther reptiles
Eurasian elk ormoose (Alces alces)[76] including subspeciesAlaskan moose (A. a. gigas)date uncertainRussia,Finland,Sweden,Alaskameat, milk, hides, antlers, working, draft, mount, transportation, research, pets 1aArtiodactyla exceptBovidae
Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus)the 1850sAustraliapets, show, talking bird Captive-bred,plumage colour/pattern changes, some breeds are physically largerFairly common in the wild and in captivity2ePsittaciformes
Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus)the 1870sAustraliapets, show, talking bird Captive-bred,plumage colour/pattern changesCommon in the wild and in captivity2ePsittaciformes
Elk or wapiti (Cervus canadensis)date uncertainNorth America,Russia,Chinameat, leather, hides, antlers, velvet, pets Captive-bred1aArtiodactyla exceptBovidae
European mink (Mustela lutreola)the 1800sEurope,Russiafur 1cCarnivora
Coypu or nutria (Myocastor coypus)the late 19th to the early 20th century CEArgentinameat, fur, aquatic weed control, pets Captive-bred1dRodentia
Guppy (Poecilia reticulata);[77]Cauca (P. caucana),sailfin (P. latipinna),shortfin (P. mexicana),liberty (P. salvatoris),common (P. sphenops), andYucatán mollies (P. velifera);Endler's livebearer (P. wingei)date uncertainBarbados,Brazil,El Salvador,Guyana,Mexico,Venezuelabait, pest control, research, pets 5eOther fish
Lesser fruit fly, vinegar fly or pomace fly (Drosophila melanogaster)the 1910sAustralia,South Africaresearch, animal feed Captive-bred6dOther insects
Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus)the 1920sChinaresearch, biotechnology, pets 1dRodentia
Rosy-faced (Agapornis roseicollis),yellow-collared (A. personatus), andFischer's lovebirds (A. fischeri)the 1920s(uncertain forA. personatus,A. fischeri)Africa,Madagascarpets Captive-bred,plumage colour/pattern changes in rosy-faced lovebird2ePsittaciformes
Rainbowfishes (Melanotaeniidae; various species and subspecies)the 1920snorthern andeasternAustralia,New Guinea, islands inCenderawasih Bay and theRaja Ampat Islands inIndonesiapest control, pets 5eOther fish
Golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)the 1930sSyria,Turkeypets, research 1dRodentia
Turkish hamster (Mesocricetus brandti)the 20th century CEArmenia,Azerbaijan,Georgia,Iran,Russia,Turkeypets, research 1dRodentia
Long-tailed chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera)the 1930stheAndesfur, research, pets 1dRodentia
Short-tailed chinchilla (Chinchilla chinchilla)the 1930stheAndesfur Raised in captivityCritically endangered in the wild1dRodentia
Water flea (Daphnia magna)the 1930sNorth America,Eurasia,Africaresearch, animal feed 6eOther arthropods
African (Xenopus laevis) andwestern clawed frogs (X. tropicalis)the 1950s(uncertain forX. tropicalis)Southern Africa,West Africaresearch, pets Captive-bred4aAnura
Sea-monkey (Artemia nyos)the 1950stheUnited Statespets, research Captive-bred6eOther arthropods
Ball (Python regius),Borneo (P. breitensteini),Sumatran short-tailed (P. curtus) andBrongersma's short-tailed pythons (P. brongersmai)the 1960s(uncertain forP. breitensteini,P. curtus andP. brongersmai)Africa,Sumatra,Borneo,Malaysiapets Captive-bred3aSerpentes
Burmese python (Python bivittatus) including subspeciesdwarf Burmese python (P. b. progschai)[78][79]date uncertainMyanmar,Thailand,Bali,Java,Sulawesimeat, skins, medicine, pets Captive-bred3aSerpentes
Campbell's (Phodopus campbelli),winter white (P. sungorus) andRoborovski dwarf hamsters (P. roborovskii)the 1960sMongolia,Russia,Chinapets, research 1dRodentia
Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum);tiger (A. tigrinum) andbarred tiger salamanders (A. mavortium)the 20th century CE(uncertain forA. tigrinum andA. mavortium)Mexico, theUnited Statesresearch, pets Slight physical changesA. mexicanum Critically endangered in the wild;A. tigrinum andA. mavortium less threatened4bOther amphibians
Common leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius)the 20th century CE(uncertain forE. m. afghanicus)Pakistan,Afghanistanpets Slight physical changesSomewhat common in captivity3bLacertilia
American bison (Bison bison) including subspecieswood bison (B. b. athabascae)the 20th century CE(uncertain forB. b. athabascae)North Americameat, leather, hides, fiber, horns, guarding, pets 1bBovidae
Companion parrots (Psittaciformes; various species and subspecies)[80][81]the 1980s and 1990sAustralia,Africa,Asia,North America,Central America,South America,New Zealand,Papua New Guinea,New Caledonia,Fijipets, show, talking bird, ornamental, guarding, education, therapy Captive-bred, plumage colour changes in some species (e.g.grey parrot,turquoise-fronted amazon,green-cheeked parakeet and others)2ePsittaciformes
Poison dart frogs (Dendrobatidae spp.)the mid- to late 20th century CEGuyana,Suriname,Brazil,French Guiana,Nicaragua,Costa Rica,Panama,Colombia,Venezuelapets Slight physical changes; loss of toxicity4aAnura
Common (Lampropeltis getula),grey-banded (L. alterna), andThayer's kingsnakes (L. mexicana thayeri);Milk snake (L. triangulum)date uncertainArizona,Florida,Mexico,Californiapets 3aSerpentes
Corn (Pantherophis guttatus) andwestern rat snakes (P. obsoletus)the 1960s(uncertain forP. obsoletus)theUnited Statespets Slight physical changesSomewhat common in captivity, common in the wild3aSerpentes
Madagascar (Gromphadorhina portentosa) andwide-horned hissing cockroaches (G. oblongonota)the 1960s(uncertain forG. oblongonota)Madagascarpets Captive-bred6cBlattodea
Central bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) and related speciesthe 1970sAustraliapets Slight physical changes3bLacertilia
Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)[82]the 1970sChinameat, algae control 5aCyprinidae
Sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps)[83]the 1980sAustraliapest control, pets 1eOther mammals
Buff-tailed (Bombus terrestris) andcommon eastern bumblebees (B. impatiens)the 1980s(uncertain forB. impatiens)Europe (including theUnited Kingdom),North Americawax, pollination 6aHymenoptera
Gambian (Cricetomys gambianus) andEmin's pouched rats (C. emini)at least 1997,[84] but possibly the early 1990s(uncertain forC. emini)Sub-Saharan Africameat, landmine detection, tuberculosis detection, pest control, pets1dRodentia
Greater or Ñandú (Rhea americana) andDarwin's rheas (R. pennata)[85][73]the 1990s(uncertain forR. pennata)South Americameat, eggs, feathers, leather, oil, pets 2fPalaeognathae
Australian emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae novaehollandiae)the 1990sAustraliameat, eggs, feathers, leather, oil, guarding, pets 2fPalaeognathae
Fringe-eared oryx (Oryx beisa callotis)date uncertainKenyameat, leather, hides, horns 1bBovidae
Common degu (Octodon degus)the 1990stheChileanAndespets, research 1dRodentia
Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus);Persian (M. persicus),Libyan (M. libycus),Shaw's (M. shawi),Tristram's (M. tristrami) andSundevall's jirds (M. crassus)the 1990s(uncertain forM. persicus,M. libycus,M. shawi,M. tristrami andM. crassus)Mongolia,Algeria,Iran,Libya,Turkey,Egyptpets, research 1dRodentia
Green (Iguana iguana) andLesser Antillean iguanas (I. delicatissima)the 1990s(uncertain forI. delicatissima)South America, theLesser Antillesmeat, leather, pets Captive-bred3bLacertilia
Carpet python (Morelia spilota) including subspeciesdiamond python (M. s. spilota);eastern (M. s. mcdowelli),Murray Darling (M. s. metcalfei),Torresian (M. s. variegata) andjungle carpet pythons (M. s. cheynei)date uncertainIndonesia,Australia,New Guineapets Captive-bred3aSerpentes
Southern green tree (Morelia viridis),southwestern carpet (M. imbricata),rough-scaled (M. carinata) andBredl's pythons (M. bredli)the mid-1990s(uncertain forM. carinata andM. bredli)Indonesia,Australia,New Guineapets Captive-bred3aSerpentes
Red-tailed(Calyptorhynchus banksii),yellow-tailed (C. funereus) andglossy black cockatoos (C. lathami)the late 1990s(uncertain forC. funereus andC. lathami)Australiapets, education Captive-bred2ePsittaciformes
Gouldian finch (Chloebia gouldiae)the late 1990sAustraliapets, show 2dPasseriformes
Australian green (Ranoidea caerulea),orange-eyed (R. chloris),leaf green (R. phyllochroa),mountain stream (R. barringtonensis),magnificent (R. splendida),Blue Mountains (R. citropa) anddainty green tree frogs (R. gracilenta);growling grass frog (R. raniformis)the late 20th century CE(uncertain forR. chloris,R. phyllochroa,R. barringtonensis,R. splendida,R. citropa,R. gracilenta andR. raniformis)Australiaresearch, pets Captive-bred4aAnura
Argentine (Ceratophrys ornata),Brazilian (C. aurita),Venezuelan (C. calcarata),Surinam (C. cornuta),Caatinga (C. joazeirensis),Pacific (C. stolzmanni) andCranwell's horned frogs (C. cranwelli)the late 20th century CE(uncertain forC. aurita,C. calcarata,C. cornuta,C. joazeirensis,C. stolzmanni andC. cranwelli)Argentina,Brazil,Venezuela,Suriname,Ecuadorpets Captive-bred4aAnura
Crucian (Carassius carassius),Japanese white crucian (C. cuvieri) andPrussian carp (C. gibelio);ginbuna (C. langdorfii)[86]the 2000s(uncertain forC. cuvieri,C. gibelio andC. langdorfii)England,Russia,Japanmeat, research, pets 5aCyprinidae
King quail (Synoicus chinensis)date uncertainAsia,Australiapets 2bGalliformes
Common (Corvus corax),white-necked (C. albicollis) andAustralian ravens (C. coronoides);carrion (C. corone),hooded (C. cornix),American (C. brachyrhynchos),pied (C. albus) andhouse crows (C. splendens);rook (C. frugilegus)[87][88][89][90][91][92][93]date uncertainEurope,Africa,India,Australia,North Americapest control, research, show, pets 2dPasseriformes
Oriental darter (Anhinga melanogaster)[94]date uncertainIndiafishing 2hOther birds
Southern (Chauna torquata) andnorthern screamers (C. chavaria)date uncertainSouth Americaguarding 2aAnseriformes
Horned screamer (Anhima cornuta)[95]date uncertainSouth Americaguarding 2aAnseriformes
Red-legged seriema (Cariama cristata)date uncertainSouth Americaguarding 2hOther birds
Golden (Aquila chrysaetos),[96]eastern imperial (A. heliaca),Spanish imperial (A. adalberti),wedge-tailed (A. audax),steppe (A. nipalensis),tawny (A. rapax),Bonelli's (A. fasciata) andVerreaux's eagles (A. verreauxii);African hawk-eagle (A. spilogaster)date uncertainEurope,North America,Kazakhstan,Mongolia,Africa,Australiafalconry, intercepting, pest control, show, pets 2gAccipitridae
Bald (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)[97][98] andwhite-tailed eagles (H. albicilla);African fish eagle (H. vocifer);white-bellied sea (H. leucogaster) andSteller's sea eagles (H. pelagicus)date uncertainNorth America,Europe,Russia,Africa,Australiafalconry, intercepting, pest control, show, pets 2gAccipitridae
Harris's hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi)[99]date uncertaintheUnited Statesfalconry, pest control, show, pets 2gAccipitridae
Eurasian (Astur gentilis),[100]American (As. atricapillus),crested (Lophospiza trivirgata) andAfrican goshawks (Aerospiza tachiro);Cooper's (As. cooperii) andsharp-shinned hawks (Accipiter striatus);Eurasian (Ac. nisus),Ovambo (Ac. ovampensis),collared (T. cirrocephala),Japanese (T. gularis) andblack sparrowhawks (As. melanoleucus);besra (T. virgata);shikra (T. badia); (all previously placed in theAccipiter genus)date uncertainEurope,Asia,Africa,North Americafalconry, pest control, show, pets 2gAccipitridae
Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo)[101] including subspeciesWestern Siberian (B. b. sibiricus),Eastern Siberian (B. b. yenisseensis) andTurkmenian eagle-owls (B. b. omissus)date uncertainEurope,Russia,Turkmenistanpest control, show, pets 2hOther birds
Tawny owl (Strix aluco)[102]date uncertainEurope (including theUnited Kingdom)pest control, show, pets 2hOther birds
Puna ibis (Plegadis ridgwayi)date uncertainPerumeat, eggs, pest control 2hOther birds
Celebes warty pig (Sus celebensis)[103]date uncertainSulawesimeat, tusks, pets Historically farmed1aArtiodactyla exceptBovidae
Red-necked wallaby (Notamacropus rufogriseus),[104]the 2000sTasmania,South Australia,Western Australia,New South Waleslawn mowing, research, tourism, pets 1eOther mammals
Red kangaroo (Osphranter rufus)[105]date uncertainAustraliameat, leather, tourism, pets 1eOther mammals
Tiger (Dasyurus maculatus),eastern (D. viverrinus),western (D. geoffroii) andnorthern quolls (D. hallucatus)[106][107][108][109]date uncertainAustraliapest control, pets 1eOther mammals
Smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata)[110]date uncertainBangladeshfishing, pets 1cCarnivora
Beech marten (Martes foina)[111][112] andsable (M. zibellina)date uncertainEurope,Russia,Indiafur, pest control, pets 1cCarnivora
Fisher or Pennant's marten (Pekania pennanti)date uncertainNorth Americafur, pest control, research, pets 1cCarnivora
Least (Mustela nivalis),Siberian (M. sibirica)[113] andyellow-bellied weasels (M. kathiah);European polecat (M. putorius)[114][115]date uncertainEurope,Russia,Indiapest control, pets 1cCarnivora
Lesser grison (Galictis cuja)date uncertainSouth Americahunting, pest control, pets 1cCarnivora
Patagonian weasel (Lyncodon patagonicus)date uncertainArgentina,Chilepest control, pets 1cCarnivora
Common raccoon (Procyon lotor)[116]date uncertainNorth Americapest control, show, pets 1cCarnivora
Ringtail (Bassariscus astutus)[117]date uncertainNorth America,Central Americapest control, pets 1cCarnivora
Mountain paca (Cuniculus taczanowskii)date uncertainMexico,Argentina,Ecuadormeat, pets 1dRodentia
Malayan (Hystrix brachyura),[118]Sunda (H. javanica),Indian crested (H. indica),African crested (H. cristata),Cape (H. africaeaustralis) andPhilippine porcupines (H. pumila)date uncertainVietnam,China,Indonesia, thePhilippines,India,Africameat, quills, pets 1dRodentia
Steppe lemming (Lagurus lagurus)date uncertaintheEurasian steppepets 1dRodentia
Lesser Egyptian (Gerbillus gerbillus),greater Egyptian (G. pyramidum),pale (G. perpallidus) andpleasant gerbils (G. amoenus)date uncertainEgypt,Libyapets 1dRodentia
Eurasian harvest mouse (Micromys minutus)[119]date uncertainEuropepest control, pets 1dRodentia
Chinese cobra (Naja atra)[120]date uncertainChinavenom, skins, pets Captive-bred3aSerpentes
Crimson rosella (Platycercus elegans) including subspeciesAdelaide (P. e. adelaidae) andyellow rosellas (P. e. flaveolus)date uncertainAustraliapets Captive-bred2ePsittaciformes
Western (Platycercus icterotis),green (P. caledonicus),pale-headed (P. adscitus) andnorthern rosellas (P. venustus)date uncertainAustraliapets Captive-bred2ePsittaciformes
Eastern rosella (Platycercus eximius) including subspeciesgolden-mantled rosella (P. e. elecica)date uncertainAustraliapets Captive-bred2ePsittaciformes
Jenday conure (Aratinga jandaya)[121]Brazil Captive-bred2ePsittaciformes
Hispaniolan (Trachemys decorata),Colombian (T. callirostris),Cuban (T. decussata),D'Orbigny's (T. dorbigni),Nicaraguan (T. emolli),ornate (T. ornata),Jamaican (T. terrapen) andMeso-American sliders (T. venusta)date uncertainHispaniola (Haiti and theDominican Republic),Colombia,Cuba,Brazil,Uruguay,Nicaragua,Costa Rica,Mexico,Jamaicapets Captive-bred3cTestudines
Pond slider (Trachemys scripta) including subspeciesyellow-bellied (T. s. scripta),red-eared (T. s. elegans) andCumberland sliders (T. s. troostii)date uncertainthe south-central andsoutheastern United Statesmeat, pets Easy to tameFairly common in captivity, common in the wild3cTestudines
Chinese softshell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis)[122]date uncertainChinameat, pets Captive-bred3cTestudines
Chinese pond (Mauremys reevesii) andyellow pond turtles (M. mutica)[123]date uncertainChinameat, pets Captive-bred3cTestudines
Common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina)[124]date uncertainFloridameat, pets Captive-bred3cTestudines
Keeled box (Cuora mouhotii)[125] andGolden coin turtles (C. trifasciata)date uncertainChinameat, pets Captive-bred3cTestudines
Wattle-necked softshell turtle (Palea steindachneri)date uncertainChinameat, pets Captive-bred3cTestudines
Arrau turtle (Podocnemis expansa)[126]date uncertainBrazilmeat, pets Captive-bred3cTestudines
Saltwater (Crocodylus porosus),Nile (C. niloticus),West African (C. suchus),mugger (C. palustris),American (C. acutus),Cuban (C. rhombifer),Morelet's (C. moreletii),Orinoco (C. intermedius),freshwater (C. johnsoni),Siamese (C. siamensis),Philippine (C. mindorensis) andNew Guinea crocodiles (C. novaeguineae)[127][128][129][130][131][132]date uncertainFlorida,Cuba,Mexico,Colombia,Venezuela,Peru,Africa,Iran,India,Thailand,Myanmar,Sumatra,Borneo, thePhilippines,Australia,Papua New Guineameat, hides, teeth, blood, fat, guarding, tourism, show, pets Captive-bred3dOther reptiles
Crimson (Neochmia phaeton) andred-browed finches (N. temporalis)date uncertainNew Guinea,Australiapets, show 2dPasseriformes
Star finch (Bathilda ruficauda)date uncertainAustraliapets, show 2dPasseriformes
Grey partridge (Perdix perdix)date uncertainHungary, theUnited Kingdommeat, eggs, feathers, pets 2bGalliformes
Red-legged (Alectoris rufa),chukar (A. chukar),Philby's (A. philbyi),Arabian (A. melanocephala) andBarbary partridges (A. barbara)date uncertainFrance,Afghanistan,North Africa,Yemen,Omanmeat, eggs, feathers, pets 2bGalliformes
Chinese bamboo partridge (Bambusicola thoracicus)date uncertainChina,Indiameat, eggs, feathers, pets 2bGalliformes
Himalayan monal (Lophophorus impejanus)date uncertainNepalmeat, eggs, feathers, ornamental, pets 2bGalliformes
Scaled (Callipepla squamata),elegant (C. douglasii),Gambel's (C. gambelii) andCalifornia quails (C. californica)[133]date uncertainMexico,Utah,Californiameat, eggs, feathers, pets 2bGalliformes
Montezuma quail (Cyrtonyx montezumae)date uncertainMexicomeat, eggs, feathers, pets 2bGalliformes
Vulturine guineafowl (Acryllium vulturinum)date uncertainEthiopiameat, pest control, pets 2bGalliformes
Harlequin (Coturnix delegorguei),rain (C. coromandelica) andstubble quails (C. pectoralis)date uncertainAfrica,India,Australiameat, eggs, feathers, pets 2bGalliformes
Edible-nest swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus)[134]date uncertainIndonesia,Malaysia,Thailand, thePhilippines,Singaporenests 2hOther birds
Tarantulas (Theraphosidae, various species and subspecies)[135]date uncertainNorth America,Central America,South America,Europe,Africa,Asia,Australia,Papua New Guinearesearch, venom, pets Captive-bredCommon in captivity, becoming rare in the wild6eOther arthropods
Crested (Correlophus ciliatus) andsuras geckos (C. sarasinorum)date uncertainNew Caledoniapets Captive-bredSomewhat common in captivity, nearly extinct in the wild3bLacertilia
Roan (Hippotragus equinus)[136] andsable antelopes (H. niger)[137]date uncertainSouth Africameat, horns 1bBovidae
Greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros),[138]nyala (T. angasii),[139] andCape bushbuck (T. sylvaticus)date uncertainSouth Africameat, hides, horns, pets 1bBovidae
Blue (Connochaetes taurinus)[140] andblack wildebeest (C. gnou)[141]date uncertainSouth Africa,Kenyameat, leather, hides, horns, pets 1bBovidae
Bontebok (Damaliscus pygargus pygargus) including subspeciesblesbok (D. p. phillipsi)[142]date uncertainSouth Africameat, hides, horns 1bBovidae
Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus)date uncertainIndia,Pakistanmeat, hides, horns, pets Historically farmed1bBovidae
Scaly-breasted munia (Lonchura punctulata)date uncertainSoutheast Asiapets, research Slight physical changesFairly common in the wild and in captivity2dPasseriformes
Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra)date uncertainIndia,Pakistanmeat, hides, horns, pets 1bBovidae
Springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis)[143]date uncertainSouth Africameat, hides, horns, pets 1bBovidae
Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia)[144]date uncertainNorth Africameat, horns 1bBovidae
African buffalo (Syncerus caffer)[145][146]date uncertainSouth Africameat, leather, horns 1bBovidae
Collared peccary (Dicotyles tajacu)[147]date uncertainBrazilmeat, pets 1aArtiodactyla exceptBovidae
Thorold's deer (Cervus albirostris)[148]date uncertainChinameat, antlers 1aArtiodactyla exceptBovidae
White-tailed (Odocoileus virginianus)[149] andmule deer (O. hemionus)date uncertainVirginia,West Virginia,Florida,Montana,Canada,Colombiameat, hides, antlers, pets 1aArtiodactyla exceptBovidae
Dwarf (Moschus berezovskii),alpine (M. chrysogaster),white-bellied (M. leucogaster) andSiberian musk deer (M. moschiferus)[150][151][152]date uncertainChina,India,Russiameat, hides, tusks, musk 1aArtiodactyla exceptBovidae
Spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta)[153][154][155][156]date uncertainSouth Africa,Ethiopia,Nigeriahunting, guarding, waste management, tourism, show, pets 1cCarnivora
Fennec fox (Vulpes zerda)[157]date uncertainNorth Africapest control, pets 1cCarnivora
Grey (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) andisland foxes (U. littoralis)[158]date uncertaintheeastern United States, theChannel Islands, Californiapelts, pest control, pets 1cCarnivora
Meerkat or suricate (Suricata suricatta)[159][160]date uncertainSouth Africapest control, research, education, therapy, tourism, show, pets 1cCarnivora
Common kusimanse (Crossarchus obscurus)date uncertainWest Africapets, pest control Captive-bred1cCarnivora
Kissing gourami (Helostoma temminckii)date uncertainThailand,Indonesiameat, pets 5cAnabantiformes
Giant (Osphronemus goramy),[161][162]giant red tail (O. laticlavius) andelephant ear gouramis (O. exodon)date uncertainSoutheast Asiameat, weed control, pets Captive-bred5cAnabantiformes
Red-bellied (Pygocentrus nattereri),piraya (P. piraya) andblack spot piranha (P. cariba)date uncertainSouth Americameat, teeth, research, pets Fairly common in captivity, common in the wild5eOther fish
Atlantic bluefin (Thunnus thynnus),Pacific bluefin (T. orientalis),southern bluefin (T. maccoyii),yellowfin (T. albacares) andbigeye tunas (T. obesus);albacore or longfin tuna (T. alalunga)[163][164]date uncertainEurope,East Asia,Australia,Hawaii,North Americameat, eggs Captive-bred5eOther fish
European sea (Acipenser sturio),white (A. transmontanus),shortnose (A. brevirostrum),Persian (A. persicus),Siberian (A. baerii),Adriatic (A. naccarii) andstarry sturgeons (A. stellatus)[165][166][167][168]date uncertainEurope,Alaska,California,Canada,Iran,Russia,Albania, theAegean Seameat, eggs, pets Captive-bred5eOther fish
Malabar (Epinephelus malabaricus),giant (E. lanceolatus),greasy (E. tauvina),areolate (E. areolatus),dusky (E. marginatus),wavy-lined (E. undulosus),six-bar (E. sexfasciatus) andorange-spotted groupers (E. coioides)[169][170][171]date uncertainAsia,Australia,Fiji,South Africa,Italy, theIndo-Pacificmeat Captive-bred5eOther fish
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss);Chinook (O. tshawytscha) andMasu salmon (O. masou)date uncertainEurope,Asia,North Americameat, eggs Captive-bred5dSalmonidae
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) andbrown trout (S. trutta)date uncertainEurope (including theUnited Kingdom),Alaska,Canada,Chile,Russia,Australia,Tasmaniameat, eggs Captive-bred5dSalmonidae
Barramundi (Lates calcarifer),[172]Japanese lates (L. japonicus) andNile perch (L. niloticus)[173]date uncertaintheUnited Kingdom,Poland, theUnited States,India,Southeast Asia, theMiddle East,Australia,Japan,Africameat, pets Captive-bred5bCarangiformes
Cobia (Rachycentron canadum)date uncertaintheUnited States,Asia,Panama,Mexicomeat Captive-bred5bCarangiformes
European bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)date uncertainEuropemeat Captive-bred5eOther fish
Milkfish (Chanos chanos)[174]date uncertainthePhilippines,Taiwan,Indonesiameat Captive-bred5eOther fish
Northern pike (Esox lucius)[175]date uncertainEuropemeat, eggs, research, pets Captive-bred5eOther fish
Alligator (Atractosteus spatula),Cuban (A. tristoechus) andtropical gars (A. tropicus)[176][177][178]date uncertainNorth America,Cuba,Costa Ricameat, pets Captive-bred5eOther fish
Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)date uncertainChinameat, weed control 5aCyprinidae
Black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus)date uncertainChinameat, pest control, medicine 5aCyprinidae
Bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis)date uncertainChinameat 5aCyprinidae
Giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis)[179]date uncertainVietnammeat, pets 5aCyprinidae
Arapaima (Arapaima gigas)[180][181]date uncertaintheAmazon Basinmeat, pets Captive-bred5eOther fish
Wels catfish (Silurus glanis)[182]date uncertainEuropemeat Captive-bred5eOther fish
Iridescent shark (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) andMekong giant catfish (P. gigas)[183]date uncertainSoutheast Asiameat, pets Captive-bred5eOther fish
Flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus)[184]date uncertainCalifornia,Coloradomeat Captive-bred5eOther fish
Green (Etroplus suratensis)[185] andorange chromides (E. maculatus);Canara pearlspot (E. canarensis)date uncertainIndiameat, pets Captive-bred5eOther fish
Northern red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus)[186]date uncertaintheGulf of Mexicomeat, research Captive-bred5eOther fish
Greater (Seriola dumerili),Japanese (S. quinqueradiata) andyellowtail amberjacks (S. lalandi);longfin yellowtail (S. rivoliana)[187][188]date uncertaintheMediterranean Sea,Japan,Chile,Hawaiimeat Captive-bred5bCarangiformes
Southern (Paralichthys lethostigma) andolive flounders (P. olivaceus)[189]the 1980s(uncertain forP. lethostigma)theUnited States,Japan,China,Koreameat Captive-bred5bCarangiformes
European eel (Anguilla anguilla)date uncertainEurope,North Americameat Captive-bred[190]5eOther fish
Sugarbag bee (Tetragonula carbonaria) andIndian stingless bee (T. iridipennis)date uncertainAustralia,Indiahoney, wax, propolis, pollination 6aHymenoptera
Dubia roach (Blaptica dubia)date uncertainCentral America,South Americaanimal feed, pets Captive-bred6cBlattodea
Mealworm (Tenebrio molitar) andsuperworm (Zophobas morio)date uncertainEuropemeat, animal feed, research Captive-bred6dOther insects
Red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)date uncertaintheUnited Statesresearch Captive-bred6dOther insects
Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens)[191]date uncertaintheUnited Statesmeat, animal feed, pollination, decomposing Captive-bred6dOther insects
Waxworms (Achroia grisella andGalleria mellonella)date uncertainEurope?meat, bait, animal feed, research Captive-bred6bLepidoptera
American cockroach (Periplaneta americana)[192]date uncertainNorth Americameat, medicine, pets Captive-bred6cBlattodea
Flame jellyfish (Rhopilema esculentum)[193]date uncertainChinameat, medicine, pets Captive-bred7cOther animals
Common (Octopus vulgaris),common Sydney (O. tetricus),big blue (O. cyanea),Mexican four-eyed (O. maya),California two-spot (O. bimaculoides),Gould's (O. mimus),long arm (O. minor),Caribbean reef (O. briareus),Caribbean dwarf (O. mercatoris) andEast Pacific red octopuses (O. rubescens)[194][195][196][197][198][199]date uncertainEurope,Asia,North America,Western Australia,Hawaii, theCaribbean Seameat, ink, research, pets Captive-bred7aMollusca
Common periwinkle (Littorina littorea)date uncertainEuropemeat, shells Captive-bred7aMollusca
Garden snail (Cornu aspersum)date uncertainEuropemeat, eggs, shells, slime, pets Captive-bred7aMollusca
Giant Ghana African snail (Achatina achatina)[200]date uncertainGhana,Kenyameat, eggs, shells, slime, pets Captive-bred7aMollusca
Giant East African (Lissachatina fulica)[201] andAfrican land snails (L. albopicta)date uncertainEast Africameat, shells, slime, education, pets Captive-bred7aMollusca
Pacific (Eptatretus stoutii) andinshore hagfishes (E. burgeri)[202][203]date uncertaintheUnited States,South Korea,Japanmeat, skins, slime Captive-bred5eOther fish
Mud crab (Scylla serrata)date uncertainAsiameat, pets Captive-bred6eOther arthropods
Flower crab (Portunus armatus)[204][205]date uncertainAustraliameat Captive-bred6eOther arthropods
European (Homarus gammarus) andAmerican lobsters (H. americanus)[206][207][208]date uncertainEurope, theUnited Statesmeat Captive-bred6eOther arthropods
American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus),northern leopard (L. pipiens),pig (L. grylio), andnorthern green frogs (L. clamitans melanota)date uncertainNorth Americameat, education, research, pets Captive-bred4aAnura
Pool (Pelophylax lessonae) andmarsh frogs (P. ridibundus)[209]date uncertainEuropemeat, pets Captive-bred4aAnura
Crab-eating frog (Fejervarya cancrivora)date uncertainJavameat Captive-bred4aAnura
Chinese edible frog (Hoplobatrachus rugulosus) andIndus Valley bullfrog (H. tigerinus)date uncertainChina,Thailandmeat, pets Captive-bred4aAnura
Blue mussel (Mytilus edulis)the 14th century CEEuropemeat, pets Captured in the wild or captive-bredExtended in the wild and in captivity7aMollusca
New Zealand green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus)the 1970sNew Zealandmeat, pets Captured in the wild and captive-bred7aMollusca
Purple dye murex (Bolinus brandaris)classical antiquity (date uncertain)the central and westernMediterranean SeaTyrian purple, meat Historically captive-bredNo longer farmed7aMollusca
Striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis)the 19th centuryCE[citation needed]North Americapelts, pest control, pets Tame when captive-bred, significant physical changes[citation needed]Somewhat common in the wild and in captivity1cCarnivora

Taxonomical groupings

edit

The categories used in the Taxon group column are:

See also

edit

References

edit
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