TheDoktoringenieur orDoktor-Ingenieur^[1] (acronymDr.-Ing., alsoDoktor der Ingenieurwissenschaften) is theGermanengineeringdoctorate degree, comparable to theDoctor of Engineering,^[2]Engineering Doctorate,Doctor of Science (Engineering),Doctor of Science (Technology) or aPhD in Engineering or Architecture.

It was first introduced in 1899, in the context of the centenary of theTechnische Hochschule Charlottenburg (now Technische Universität Berlin), at thePrussianTechnische Hochschule. The other German states adopted it in the following years. In contrast to the other historic doctoral degrees (e.g.Dr. phil.,Dr. iur. orDr. med.), the Doktoringenieur was not titled in Latin but German, and therefore written with dash (Dr.-Ing.).

In the field of mathematics, computer science and natural sciences, some universities offer the choice betweenDr.-Ing. andDr. rer. nat. based on the primary focus of the dissertation. If the contributions focus slightly more on applied scientific engineering aDr.-Ing. is given, while aDr. rer. nat. is preferred if the dissertation contains more theoretical scientific contributions.^[3] AGerman doctorate is usually a research doctorate and is awarded in the context of the so-calledPromotion that also requires a dissertation.

It should not be confused with aDutch double titledr. ing., indicating that one holds both aresearch doctorate (dr.) from a university and anengineer's degree (ing.) from aDutch polytechnic (i.e.Hogeschool).^[4]

• Dr. rer. nat.