Csanád was an administrative county (comitatus) of theKingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now part ofHungary, except for a small area which is part ofRomania. The capital of the county wasMakó.
| Csanád County | |
|---|---|
| County of theKingdom of Hungary (11th century – 1542) County of theEastern Hungarian Kingdom (1542–1552) County of theKingdom of Hungary (1699–1786, 1790–1853, 1860–1923, 1945–1946) County of theSecond Hungarian Republic (1946–1949) County of theHungarian People's Republic (1949–1950) | |
.svg) Coat of arms | |
 | |
| Capital | Marosvár (Csanád) 1028– ;Makó (1730–1950) |
| Area | |
| • Coordinates | 46°13′N20°29′E / 46.217°N 20.483°E /46.217; 20.483 |
• 1910 | 1,714 km2 (662 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• 1910 | 145,248 |
| History | |
• Established | 11th century |
• Ottoman conquest | 1552 |
• County recreated | 1699 |
• Merged into Békés-Csanád-Csongrád County | 1 June 1786 |
• County recreated | 26 April 1790 |
• Merged into Békés-Csanád County | 10 January 1853 |
• County recreated | 20 October 1860 |
• Treaty of Trianon | 4 June 1920 |
• Merged into Csanád-Arad-Torontál County | 1923 |
• County recreated | 1945 |
• Disestablished | 16 March 1950 |
| Today part of | Hungary (1,469 km2) Romania (245 km2) |
| Cenad is now the name of the former capital. | |
Geography
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Csanád county shared borders with the Hungarian counties ofCsongrád,Békés,Arad andTorontál. The river Maros (Mureș) formed its southern border. Its area was 1,714 km2 around 1910.
History
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The county's territory became part of the Kingdom of Hungary in the first half of the 11th century whenStephen I of Hungary defeatedAjtony, the local ruler. The county got its name after the commander of the royal army,Csanád. The king appointedGerard of Csanád as the first bishop of Csanád. The county was initially much larger and included territories of the later Temes, Arad, and Torontál counties. The first seat of the county was Csanád (present-dayCenad, Romania).
The county's territory became part of the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century. The settlement structure was almost completely destroyed during theOttoman–Habsburg wars. In the Treaty of Karlowitz, the Ottoman Empire renounced its claims to the territories north of the Maros (Mureș) river. Csanád county was reorganized in the returned territories (with greatly reduced size than in medieval times). Makó became the seat of the reorganized county.
AfterWorld War I, the county was occupied by the Romanian army. In 1920, theTreaty of Trianon assigned a small area in the southeast of the county (the town ofNădlac and the villages ofȘeitin,Turnu andDorobanți) to Romania. The rest of the county was united with parts ofTorontál county (a small area south ofSzeged) andArad county (a small area south ofBékéscsaba) to form the new county of Csanád-Arad-Torontál in 1923.
AfterWorld War II, the county was recreated, but in 1950 it was divided between the Hungarian counties ofBékés andCsongrád (since 4 June 2020, the latter was renamed toCsongrád-Csanád County). The Romanian part of the former Csanád county is now part ofArad County.
Demographics
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Csanád county was one of the most densely populated counties of the Kingdom of Hungary. The Hungarians formed an ethnic majority in every district except for the district of Nagylak. The main part of the Slovaks lived in the district of Nagylak, the Romanians lived mostly in the districts of Nagylak and Battonya, while the Serbs lived in the district of Battonya.
| Census | Total | Hungarian | Slovak | Romanian | Serbian | German | Other or unknown |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1880[1] | 109,011 | 75,344(72.74%) | 12,433(12.00%) | 11,099(10.72%) | 3,186(3.08%)[b] | 1,111(1.07%) | 404(0.39%) |
| 1890[2] | 130,575 | 95,229(72.93%) | 15,735(12.05%) | 13,689(10.48%) | 3,853(2.95%) | 1,410(1.08%) | 659(0.50%) |
| 1900[3] | 140,007 | 103,242(73.74%) | 17,274(12.34%) | 13,982(9.99%) | 3,981(2.84%) | 1,182(0.84%) | 346(0.25%) |
| 1910[4] | 145,248 | 108,621(74.78%) | 17,133(11.80%) | 14,046(9.67%) | 3,967(2.73%) | 1,013(0.70%) | 468(0.32%) |
| Census | Total | Roman Catholic | Calvinist | Lutheran | Eastern Orthodox | Greek Catholic | Jewish | Other or unknown |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1880 | 109,011 | 53,634(49.20%) | 21,706(19.91%) | 12,820(11.76%) | 13,679(12.55%) | 4,133(3.79%) | 2,887(2.65%) | 152(0.14%) |
| 1890 | 130,575 | 65,991(50.54%) | 24,751(18.96%) | 16,298(12.48%) | 15,994(12.25%) | 4,362(3.34%) | 3,000(2.30%) | 179(0.14%) |
| 1900 | 140,007 | 71,610(51.15%) | 25,234(18.02%) | 18,384(13.13%) | 16,567(11.83%) | 4,520(3.23%) | 3,254(2.32%) | 438(0.31%) |
| 1910 | 145,248 | 76,075(52.38%) | 24,897(17.14%) | 19,095(13.15%) | 16,851(11.60%) | 4,438(3.06%) | 3,353(2.31%) | 539(0.37%) |
Subdivisions
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In the early 20th century, the subdivisions of Csanád county were:
| Districts (járás) | |
|---|---|
| District | Capital |
| Battonya | Battonya |
| Központ | Makó |
| Mezőkovácsháza | Mezőkovácsháza |
| Nagylak | Nagylak (nowNădlac) |
| Urban districts (rendezett tanácsú város) | |
| Makó | |
The town ofNădlac is now in Romania; the other towns mentioned are now in Hungary.
Notes
editReferences
edit- ^"Az 1881. év elején végrehajtott népszámlálás főbb eredményei megyék és községek szerint rendezve, II. kötet (1882)". library.hungaricana.hu.Archived from the original on 2021-10-17. Retrieved2021-09-28.
- ^"A Magyar Korona országainak helységnévtára (1892)". library.hungaricana.hu.Archived from the original on 2021-10-17. Retrieved2021-09-29.
- ^"A MAGYAR KORONA ORSZÁGAINAK 1900". library.hungaricana.hu.Archived from the original on 2021-10-17. Retrieved2021-09-29.
- ^"KlimoTheca :: Könyvtár". Kt.lib.pte.hu.Archived from the original on 2021-10-17. Retrieved2021-09-29.
External links
editHeraldry[1]