| Convoy SC 104 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part ofWorld War II | |||||||
 HMS Fame (September 1942) | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Germany |  United Kingdom | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| CinC:AdmiralKarl Dönitz | Commodore: CAPT F H Taylor RN Escort: CDR R Heathcote | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 8 U-boats | 48 freighters 2 destroyers 4 corvettes | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 2 U-boats sunk 2 U-boats damaged 50 dead | 8 freighters sunk 2 destroyers damaged 216 dead | ||||||
Convoy SC 104 was the 104th of the numbered series ofWorld War IISlow Convoys of merchant ships fromSydney,Cape Breton Island toLiverpool.[1] During October 1942, a U-boat wolf pack sank eight ships from the convoy. The convoy escorts sank two of the attacking submarines.
As western Atlantic coastalconvoys brought an end to thesecond happy time, AdmiralKarl Dönitz theBefehlshaber der U-Boote (BdU) or commander in chief ofU-boats, shifted focus to the mid-Atlantic to avoid aircraft patrols. Although convoy routing was less predictable in the mid-ocean, Dönitz anticipated that the increased numbers of U-boats being produced would be able to effectively search for convoys with the advantage of intelligence gained throughB-Dienst decryption of British Naval Cypher Number 3.[2] However, only 20 percent of the 180 trans-Atlantic convoys sailing from the end of July 1942 until the end of April 1943 lost ships to U-boat attack.[3]
Forty-seven ships departedNew York City on 3 October 1942 and were met byMid-Ocean Escort Force Group B-6 consisting of theE and F-classdestroyerFame andV and W-class destroyerViscount, with the Norwegian-mannedFlower-classcorvettesPotentilla,Eglantine,Montbretia, andAcanthus and theconvoy rescue shipGoathland.
Opposing this force was the U-boatWolf packWotan comprising 8 boats:U-221,U-258,U-356,U-607,U-618,U-661,U-353, andU-254.[4][5]
The convoy was found and reported byU-258 on 11 October, and the otherWotan boats were ordered to join. By the evening of 12 October,U-258 had been joined byU-221 andU-356, and during the night of 12/13 October these boats attacked.U-258 andU-356 were unsuccessful, being driven off by the escorts, butU-221 was able to sink three ships: the Norwegian freightersSenta,[6] andFagersten, and the British freighterAshworth.
On the 13th the three U-boats continued to shadow the convoy, and were joined during the day by five other boats. On the night of the 13/14 October the wolf pack attacked again. This timeU-221 sank two ships: the American freighterSusana and the British whale factory shipSouthern Empress.U-607 torpedoed the Greek freighterNellie, which later sank, but was itself attacked and severely damaged, and was forced to return to France for repairs.U-661 torpedoed the Yugoslavian freighterNikolina Matkovic, andU-618 torpedoed theEmpire Mersey.
Throughout 15 October theWotan boats shadowed SC 104, but were unable to mount any successful attacks that night. On 15 October,Viscount detectedU-661 in fog, and attacked with gunfire, ramming and depth charges.U-661 was destroyed, butViscount was also damaged, and had to finish the voyage as part of the convoy.
On 16 OctoberU-353 was sighted byFame, which attacked and destroyed her by ramming, again suffering damage in the process. Command of the escort passed to LtCdr C.A. Monsen inPotentilla, who was able to make an attack on a contact later that day. No identification was made, or result credited, but post-war examination shows thatU-254 was severely damaged in this attack and forced to retire to base.
On 16 and 17 October SC 104 came in range of allied air patrols, long–rangeB-24 Liberators andCatalina flying boats. These were able to break up any further attacks and on the 17th, Dönitz ceased further operations against SC 104.[5][7] The remainder of the voyage was unhindered, and the convoy reachedLiverpool on 21 October. SC 104 lost 8 ships of 44,000 tons, with 2 escorts damaged, and saw the destruction of 2 U-boats with the damaging of 2 more.
| Name[8] | Flag[8] | Dead[9] | Tonnagegross register tons (GRT)[8] | Cargo[9] | Notes[8] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senta (1917) |  Norway | 3,785 | Steel & woodpulp | Sunk byU-221 12/13 October | |
| Ashworth (1920) |  United Kingdom | 49 | 5,227 | Bauxite | Sunk byU-221 13 October |
| Fagersten (1921) | Norway | 19 | 2,342 | Steel & lumber | Sunk byU-221 13 October |
| Susana (1914) |  United States | 38 | 5,929 | Valuable general cargo | Sunk byU-221 14 October |
| Southern Empress (1914) | United Kingdom | 48 | 12,398 | Fuel oil | Sunk byU-221 14 October |
| Nellie (1913) |  Greece | 32 | 4,826 | Steel & lumber | Sunk byU-607 14 October |
| Nikolina Matkovic (1918) |  Yugoslavia | 14 | 3,672 | Sugar & lumber | Sunk byU-661 14 October |
| Empire Mersey (1920) | United Kingdom | 16 | 5,791 | General cargo including government stores | Sunk byU-618 14 October |
| Merchant Royal (1928) | United Kingdom | 5,008 | General cargo | Carried convoy commodore Capt F H Taylor DSC RN | |
| Mariposa (1914) | United Kingdom | 3,807 | Explosives, steel & timber | Ship's master was convoy vice-commodore | |
| Aghios Spyridon (1905) | Greece | 3,338 | Grain | Veteran ofconvoy SC 94 | |
| Anna (1919) | Greece | 5,173 | Grain and general cargo | ||
| Anna N Goulandris (1921) | Greece | 4,358 | Grain | Survived this convoy andconvoy HX 300 | |
| Bernhard (1924) | Norway | 3,563 | Bauxite | Survived this convoy andconvoy HX 300 | |
| Bonde (1936) | Norway | 1,570 | General cargo | Returned to Canada; sunk 7 months later inConvoy ONS 5 | |
| Boreas (1920) | Norway | 2,801 | Sugar | ||
| Boston City (1920) | United Kingdom | 2,870 | General cargo including explosives | Veteran ofconvoy SC 94 andconvoy ON 127 | |
| British Progress (1927) | United Kingdom | 4,581 | petrol | ||
| British Renown (1928) | United Kingdom | 6,997 | petrol | ||
| Campus (1925) | United Kingdom | 3,667 | Steel and wood | Survived this convoy andconvoy ONS 5 | |
| Carslogie (1924) | United Kingdom | 3,786 | Steel and wood | ||
| Charles Carroll (1942) | United States | 7,191 | Cased petrol & explosives | Liberty ship | |
| Cydonia (1927) | United Kingdom | 3,517 | Grain | Survived this convoy andconvoy ONS 5 | |
| Disa (1918) |  Sweden | 2,002 | Flour | ||
| Empire Lightning (1940) | United Kingdom | 6,942 | phosphates | Collided withMilcrest of convoy ON 132 | |
| Empire Mouflon (1921) | United Kingdom | 3,234 | Explosives & general cargo | Survived this convoy andconvoy HX 300 | |
| Empire Waterhen (1920) | United Kingdom | 6,004 | General cargo | ||
| Garnes (1930) | Norway | 1,559 | Survived this convoy andconvoy SC 107 | ||
| George B. McClellan (1942) | United States | 7,181 | Vitriol, cased petrol & explosives | Liberty ship | |
| Georgios P (1903) | Greece | 4,052 | General cargo | Survived this convoy andconvoy SC 122 | |
| Gothland (1932) | United Kingdom | 1,286 | Rescue ship | ||
| Gudvor (1928) | Norway | 2,280 | Survived this convoy,convoy SC 122 andconvoy ONS 5 | ||
| Inger Lise (1939) | Norway | 1,582 | lumber | Veteran ofconvoy SC 94 | |
| Ingerfem (1912) | Norway | 3,987 | Grain | Veteran ofconvoy SC 94 | |
| John Hathorn (1942) | United States | 7,176 | Cased petrol & explosives | Liberty ship | |
| Lido (1930) | Norway | 1,918 | Flour | ||
| Liverpool Loyalist (1932) | United Kingdom | 1,416 | |||
| Llangollen (1928) | United Kingdom | 5,056 | General cargo | ||
| Mars (1925) |  Netherlands | 1,582 | Flour | Veteran ofconvoy SC 94 | |
| Nea (1921) | Norway | 1,877 | lumber | Veteran ofconvoy SC 26 | |
| Ozark (1919) | United States | 2,689 | Lost rudder and diverted to Iceland | ||
| Peterston (1925) | United Kingdom | 4,680 | Grain & lumber | ||
| Porjus (1906) | Sweden | 2,965 | phosphates | Returned to Canada; also returned fromconvoy SC 121 and survivedconvoy SC 122 | |
| Prinses Maria-Pia (1938) |  Belgium | 2,588 | Sugar & bombs | ||
| Ramava |  Latvia | 2,141 | lumber | ||
| Reigh Count (1907) |  Panama | 4,657 | Explosives & valuable cargo | ||
| Robert Morris (1942) | United States | 7,176 | Cased petrol & explosives | Liberty ship | |
| Rocha (1933) | Panama | 1,471 | |||
| Roxane (1929) | United Kingdom | 7,813 | Fuel oil | ||
| Saintonge (1936) | United Kingdom | 9,386 | Fuel oil | Survived this convoy andconvoy HX 300 | |
| Saluta (1906) | United Kingdom | 6,261 | Fuel oil | ||
| Sinnington Court (1928) | United Kingdom | 6,910 | Survived this convoy andconvoy SC 121 | ||
| Souliotis (1917) | Greece | 4,299 | Steel & lumber | ||
| Suderoy (1913) | Norway | 7,562 | Fuel oil | Survived this convoy andconvoy SC 121 | |
| Theomitor (1910) | Greece | 4,427 | Steel & lumber | ||
| Vinga (1927) | Norway | 7,321 | Furnace fuel oil | ||
| William Johnson (1942) | United States | 7,191 | Cased petrol & explosives | Liberty Ship |
| Date | Number | Type | Captain | Casualties | Position | Cause | By |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 October 1942 | U-661 | VIIC | Oberleutnant zur See Erich Lilienfeld[11] | 44 | 53°42′N35°56′W / 53.700°N 35.933°W /53.700; -35.933 | Gunfire, depth charge, ramming | HMSViscount |
| 16 October 1942 | U-353 | VIIC | Kapitänleutnant Wolfgang Römer[12] | 6 | 53°54′N29°30′W / 53.900°N 29.500°W /53.900; -29.500 | Depth charge | HMSFame |