Acombat command was acombined-arms military organization of comparable size to abrigade orregiment employed by armored forces of theUnited States Army from 1942 until 1963. The structure of combat commands was task-organized and so the forces assigned to a combat command often varied from mission to mission.
Combat command is most often abbreviated by one of the related derivative notations:
The concept of the combat command was developed by GeneralAdna Chaffee during the 1930s. Chaffee's concept envisagedcombined arms mechanized units with no formal structure. When the first U.S. armored divisions were organized a few years later, Chaffee's concepts for the combat command were incorporated into the divisional structure.[1]
The combat command was a flexible organization that did not have dedicatedbattalions. Instead, tank, armored infantry, and armored field artillery battalions, as well as smaller units oftank destroyers, engineers, and mechanized cavalry were assigned as needed in order to accomplish any given mission.[2] During a U.S. Army reorganization in the 1960s, the termcombat command fell out of favor and was replaced by the designationbrigade.
While flexible, this task-force organization lacked the high cohesion characteristic of traditional regiments that always kept the same group of battalions together. The organization of the combat command contrasted with that of the infantry, who employed reinforced infantry regiments with permanently assigned infantry battalions. This type of infantry organization was called aregimental combat team.
Use of combat commands was first specified inArmored Force Tentative Table of Organization A, for armored divisions, dated December 22, 1941. The initial organization envisioned two combat command headquarters at the disposal of the armored division. The combat command headquarters themselves were small, fielding only fivelight tanks and 56 men. Revisions to this structure in 1943 resulted in a headquarters of three light tanks and 99 men. The 1943 structure also allowed for three combat command headquarters in an armored division.
Within the armored division, the combat commands were named "A", "B", and later, "R" (for Reserve).[note 1] Thus, historical accounts of U.S. armored divisions of this period refer to "Combat Command B" or "CCB" and so forth. During the latter stages ofWorld War II in Europe, armored divisions tended to fight with CCA and CCB, while moving worn-out battalions into CCR for rest and refit, though this was not always the case.[note 2] In 1954, CCR was redesignated "Combat Command C" (CCC).
The combat command proved to be the forerunner of modern U.S. Army organizational structure for divisions. In the early 1960s, divisions were restructured as part of theReorganization Objective Army Division (ROAD), in which all divisions, including infantry, were organized with three brigades which also did not have dedicated battalions and could be assigned as many battalions as needed for a mission. With the transition to ROAD divisions, the termcombat command was no longer employed by the U.S. Army.