Closing credits, akaend credits orend titles, are a list of thecast andcrew of a particularmotion picture,television show, orvideo game. Whileopening credits appear at the beginning of a work, closing credits appear close to or at the very end of a work. A full set of credits can include not only the cast and crew, but also production sponsors, distribution companies, works of music licensed or written for the work, various legal disclaimers, such ascopyright, and more.^{[citation needed]}

Typically, the closing credits appear in white lettering on a solid black background, often with a musical background. Credits are either a series of static frames, or a single list that scrolls from the bottom of the screen to the top. Occasionally closing credits will divert from this standard form to scroll in another direction, includeillustrations, extra scenes,bloopers, joke credits andpost-credits scenes.^{[citation needed]}

The use of closing credits in film to list complete production crew and the cast was not firmly established in American film until the late 1960s and early 1970s. Films generally hadopening credits only, which consisted of just major cast and crew, although sometimes the names of the cast and the characters they played would be shown at the end. Two of the first major films to contain extensive closing credits – but almost no opening credits – were theblockbustersAround the World in 80 Days (1956) andWest Side Story (1961).West Side Story showed only the title at the beginning of the film, andAround the World in 80 Days had no opening credits at all.^{[citation needed]}

• Credits, branding & trademarks guidelines of theBBC

• Opening and Closing Credits PDF
• Credit Positioning PDF