| Cladoxylopsida | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Wattieza | |
Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Division: | Pteridophyta (?) |
| Class: | †Cladoxylopsida Novák (1930) |
| Orders | |
Thecladoxylopsids are an extinct group ofplants related toferns andsphenopsids.[1]
They had a central trunk, from the top of which several lateral branches were attached. Fossils of these plants originate in theMiddle Devonian toEarly Carboniferous periods (around390 to 320 million years ago), mostly just as stems.
Cladoxylopsida contains two orders. The order Hyeniales is now included inPseudosporochnales.[2]
Intact fossils of theMiddle Devonian cladoxylopsidWattieza show it to have been a tree, the earliest identified in the fossil record as of 2007. In 2019, experts fromCardiff University, UK;Binghamton University and theNew York State Museum discovered more fossils of Cladoxylopsida andArchaeopteris in a quarry inCairo, New York.[3]
A 2017 discovery inXinjiang in China of early LateDevonian (Frasnian, ca. 374 Ma) silicified fossil cladoxylopsid tree trunks (diameter up to c.70 cm) with preserved cellular anatomy showed an internal arrangement with many xylem bundles in the outer part and none in the interior; each bundle was surrounded by its owncambium layer. All Cladoxylopsid species of a tree size appeared to be hollow in the middle, and their trunk developed asecondary growth by increasing the size of the individual xylem bundles, which would split and tear the trunk as it was growing and getting wider, forcing the tree to repair itself to accommodate the growth.[4][5][6]
Media related toCladoxylopsida at Wikimedia CommonsLinks with images:
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