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Chiba Prefecture

Chiba Prefecture (千葉県,Chiba-ken) is aprefecture ofJapan located in theKantō region ofHonshu.[2] Chiba Prefecture has a population of 6,278,060 (1 June 2019) and has a geographic area of 5,157 km2 (1,991 sq mi). Chiba Prefecture bordersIbaraki Prefecture to the north,Saitama Prefecture to the northwest, andTokyo to the west.

Chiba Prefecture
千葉県
Japanese transcription(s)
 • Japanese千葉県
 • RōmajiChiba-ken
Flag of Chiba Prefecture
Flag
Official logo of Chiba Prefecture
Symbol
Anthem:Chiba kenminka
Location of Chiba Prefecture
CountryJapan
RegionKantō
IslandHonshu
CapitalChiba
SubdivisionsDistricts: 6,Municipalities: 54
Government
 • GovernorToshihito Kumagai (from April 2021)
Area
 • Total
5,157.61 km2 (1,991.36 sq mi)
 • Rank28th
Population
 (June 1, 2019)
 • Total
6,278,060
 • Rank6th
 • Density1,200/km2 (3,200/sq mi)
GDP
 • TotalJP¥ 21,280 billion
US$ 195.2 billion (2019)
ISO 3166 codeJP-12
Websitewww.pref.chiba.lg.jp
Symbols of Japan
BirdMeadow bunting
FishSeabream
FlowerSeiyō aburana blossom
TreeKusamaki
Boso Peninsula
TheKeiyō Industrial Zone, one of Japan's largest industrial complexes that spans the eight cities of Chiba Prefecture, andMount Fuji on the horizon

Chiba is the capital and largest city of Chiba Prefecture, with other major cities includingFunabashi,Matsudo,Ichikawa[3] andKashiwa. Chiba Prefecture is located on Japan's easternPacific coast to the east of Tokyo, and is part of theGreater Tokyo Area, the most populousmetropolitan area in the world. Chiba Prefecture largely consists of theBōsō Peninsula, which encloses the eastern side ofTokyo Bay and separates it fromKanagawa Prefecture. Chiba Prefecture is home toNarita International Airport, theTokyo Disney Resort, and theKeiyō Industrial Zone.

Etymology

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The name of Chiba Prefecture in Japanese is formed from twokanji characters. The first,, means "thousand" and the second, means "leaf". The name first appears as an ancientkuni no miyatsuko, or regional command office, as theChiba Kuni no Miyatsuko (千葉国造).[4] The name was adopted by a branch of theTaira clan, which moved to the area in present-dayChiba City in the lateHeian period. The branch of the Taira adopted the name and became theChiba clan, and held strong influence over the area of the prefecture until theAzuchi–Momoyama period. The name "Chiba" was chosen for the prefecture at the time its creation in1873 by theAssembly of Prefectural Governors (地方官会議,Chihō Kankai Kaigi), an earlyMeiji-period body of prefectural governors that met to decide the structure of local and regional administration in Japan.[5]

The compound wordKeiyō (京葉), which refers to the Tokyo-Chiba region, is formed from the second character inTokyo (), and the second character in Chiba (), which can also be pronounced "kei" and "yō" respectively.[6] This compound is used in terms such as theKeiyō Line,Keiyō Road,Keiyō Rinkai Railway Rinkai Main Line, and theKeiyō Industrial Zone.

History

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Haniwa funerary object of a chicken,Kofun period. From the collection of theShibayama Haniwa Museum
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
18901,191,353—    
19031,316,547+0.77%
19131,401,587+0.63%
19201,336,155−0.68%
19251,399,257+0.93%
19301,470,121+0.99%
19351,546,394+1.02%
19401,588,425+0.54%
19451,966,862+4.37%
19502,139,037+1.69%
19552,205,060+0.61%
19602,306,010+0.90%
19652,701,770+3.22%
19703,366,624+4.50%
19754,149,147+4.27%
19804,735,424+2.68%
19855,148,163+1.69%
19905,555,429+1.53%
19955,797,782+0.86%
20005,926,285+0.44%
20056,056,462+0.44%
20106,216,289+0.52%
20156,222,666+0.02%
20206,284,480+0.20%
Source:[7]

Early history

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Chiba Prefecture was settled in prehistoric times, as evidenced by theJōmon period remains in every part of the region. The prefecture holds the largestkaizukasea shell mounds in Japan, evidence of a large population in the prefecture that relied on the rich marine products of the Pacific Ocean and Tokyo Bay.Kofun burial mounds are found across the prefecture, with the largest group being in Futtsu along Tokyo Bay.[8]

Asuka and Nara periods

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In theAsuka period (538–710), under theTaika Reform of 645, the administrative structure of present-day Chiba Prefecture changed significantly. The historical province ofFusa Province, which may have covered much of Chiba andIbaraki prefectures, was divided into two provinces:Shimōsa Province (also called Shimofusa) in the north andKazusa Province in the southern area.Awa Province at the south of Chiba Prefecture, was separated from Kazusa Prefecture in 718. These administrative units existed until they were abolished and merged into Chiba Prefecture after theMeiji Restoration. The central government established akokubunjiprovincial temple in each province.[9]

Heian period

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The imperial court gradually extended its authority over the three provinces in theNara (710–794) andHeian (794–1185) periods.Shōen feudal estates were established across the three provinces, and the region became an important source of tax revenue, sending agricultural and other products to the capital in Kyoto. As the Heian period progressed, however, thekokushi provincial governors came to exert military power independent of the central government in Kyoto. TheChiba clan broke entirely with the imperial court and was instrumental in the establishment of theKamakura shogunate.[9][10]

Modern period

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Student militia of theJapanese 52nd Army training onKujūkuri Beach, early 1945

Chiba Prefecture was established on June 15, 1873, with the merger ofKisarazu Prefecture andInba Prefecture.

Themilitarization of Chiba Prefecture dates to theRusso-Japanese War (1904–1905). Coastal fortifications were built alongTokyo Bay, as far south as Tateyama, to protect the capital of theEmpire of Japan from attack.

In September 1923, theGreat Kanto earthquake has cause of widespread destruction in Chiba Prefecture, most notably in the southernmost part ofBoso Peninsula, where 1,300 residents were killed, out of 142,000 deaths. Areas of prefecture adjacent to Tokyo saw much damage, and mob violence against Koreans and other ethnic minorities occurred in the chaos after the earthquake in Funabashi,Ichikawa, and other areas.[11]

Koreans, in several neighborhoods of Yachiyo, were killed, and a tower was erected in 1972 nearYachiyodai Station to memorialize those killed in the incident.[12] In the 1930s, the north and central areas of the prefecture became a center of large-scale military production, and military bases and fortifications were constructed in most of the coastal areas of the prefecture. After the United States took control ofSaipan, the northern part of the prefecture (most notably the cities of Chiba and Chōshi) wasfirebombed. Much of the industrialized north of the prefecture was destroyed.Operation Coronet, one of two parts ofOperation Downfall, was the planned land invasion of Tokyo in March 1946 by the United States. Coronet plannedKujūkuri Beach as one of two initial landing bases, the other beingHiratsuka viaSagami Bay. TheU.S. First Army would enter at Kujūkuri, sweep across the Boso Peninsula, and meet theU.S. Eighth Army at Tokyo. The plan was not carried out sinceJapan surrendered after theatomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.[13]

 
Nippon Steel Kimitsu Works, 2007, Kimitsu, Keiyō Industrial Zone

During theOccupation of Japan (1945–1952) Chiba Prefecture was controlled by American forces from the second floor of the prefectural capitol building in the city of Chiba. Numerous other cities in the prefecture, including Chōshi to the north and Tateyama to the south, were used as bases of the occupation; rich agricultural areas across the prefecture somewhat safeguarded the region's population from potential food shortages, and starvation, immediately following the war. The immediate post-war period was characterized by carefully planned industrial expansion in the north of the prefecture, and the significant increase of agriculture afterland reforms across the prefecture. TheKeiyō Industrial Zone brought together smaller, industrial areas along the entirety of the western coast of Chiba Prefecture, and the industrial zone became (and remains) an important center of heavy industrial production and large-scale port facilities in Japan. Cities to the northeast of the prefecture (in close proximity to Tokyo) were connected by rail to the capitol, and became and remainbedroom communities to Tokyo.Narita International Airport began operation in 1978 inNarita, after much protest to replace the overcrowdedTokyo International Airport (Haneda Airport). The majority of international air traffic enters Japan via Chiba Prefecture. The cultivation ofrice and vegetables to feed theGreater Tokyo Metropolitan Area expanded greatly and became a source of income to the northeast and central areas of the prefecture. The expansion of agriculture in the central and southern regions of the prefecture was in contrast to the depopulation of these areas as a significant part of the population moved to the northeast of the prefecture as a result of theurbanization of Japan, a process that continues into the 21st century.

On March 11, 2011, the epicenter of9.0 magnitude earthquake and tsunami and subsequentFukushima nuclear disaster that devastated much of the northeastern coast of Honshu, which caused some damage and affected areas in Chiba Prefecture. While the loss of life and damage to housing and industry was far less than inTōhoku region, 20 people were killed in Chiba Prefecture, including 13 people were recorded deaths inAsahi. Following the triple disaster, anoil refinery fire broke out at theCosmo Oil Chiba Refinery, inIchihara, and was widely covered in the news media. Also, a largeliquefied petroleum gas (LPG) tanks burned at 10 days earlier.[14]Soil liquefaction, in areas ofreclaimed land across the northern and western areas of Chiba Prefecture, caused damage to housing.[15]Chiba City,Funabashi,Narashino, and especiallyUrayasu were greatly affected by triple disaster (such as soil liquefaction, and evidence of radioactive materials caused by the Fukushima radiation).[16][17] As a result of triple disaster and with permanent damage to housing stock, the population of Chiba Prefecture fell for the first time sinceSpanish flu pandemic in 1918 andGreat Kanto earthquake in 1923.[18]

Geography

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Chiba Prefecture bordersIbaraki Prefecture to the north at the Tone River,Tokyo andSaitama Prefecture to the west at the Edo River, thePacific Ocean to the east andTokyo Bay around its southern boundary. Most of Chiba lies on the hillyBoso Peninsula, arice farming region: the east coast, known as theKujūkuri Plain,[19] is an especially productive area. The most populous zone, in the northwest of the prefecture, is part of theKantō region that extends into the urban agglomeration of Tokyo and Saitama. TheKuroshio Current flows near Chiba, which keeps it relatively warm in winter and cooler in summer than neighbouring Tokyo.

National and prefectural parks

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Coastal area in Emi,Kamogawa

With the exception of the large-scaleKeiyō Industrial Zone in the northeast, the entirety of the coast of Chiba Prefecture is protected as two quasi-national parks and one prefectural natural park under the national park system of Japan. As of 1 April 2012, 6% of the total land area of the prefecture was designated asNatural Parks.[20]

  • Suigo-Tsukuba Quasi-National Park encompasses a large area of theTone River basin and the area aroundMount Tsukuba inIbaraki Prefecture. The park was established in 1953 to protect not only the environment of the area, but also its unique cultural heritage. The mouth of the Tone River and toCape Inubō andByōbugaura in northeastern Chiba Prefecture make up the southern part of the park.[21]
  • Minami Boso Quasi-National Park was established in 1953 to protect much of the southern coastal areas of Chiba Prefecture fromCape Futtsu onTokyo Bay toCape Inubō in northeastern Chiba Prefecture. The park spans across nine administrative districts in the prefecture. Minami Boso Quasi-National Park was established to protect not only the environment of coastal areas, but also the unique cultural assets of associated with these areas, notably the temples associated withNichiren.[22]

Chiba Prefecture has designated and maintains eight prefectural natural parks to protect both natural and cultural areas, namely theInba Tega,Kasamori Tsurumai,Kujūkuri,Mineokasankei,Ōtone,Takagoyama,Tomisan, andYōrō Keikoku Okukiyosumi Prefectural Natural Parks.[23] Cities, towns, and villages in the prefecture also have designated and protected parklands. These parks are maintained for environmental protection as well as providing local recreational facilities.

Municipalities

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Map of Chiba Prefecture
     Government Ordinance Designated City     Other city     Town     Village

Since 2010, Chiba consists of 54municipalities and since 2013, they are 37cities, 16towns and onevillage.

Municipalities of Chiba Prefecture
Flag, short namew/o suffixFull nameDistrict
(-gun)
Area (km2)
(January 2021)[24]
Population
(March 2021)[25]
LPE code
(w/o pref. [12...],
checksum [-x])
Japanesetranscriptiontranslation
 Chiba
(Prefectural capital,designated major city)
千葉市Chiba-shiChiba City271.76981,738100
 Chōshi銚子市Chōshi-shiChōshi City84.2057,533202
 Ichikawa市川市Ichikawa-shiIchikawa City57.45496,657203
 Funabashi
(Core city)
船橋市Funabashi-shiFunabashi City61.38641,499204
 Tateyama館山市Tateyama-shiTateyama City110.0544,692205
 Kisarazu木更津市Kisarazu-shiKisarazu City138.95136,118206
 Matsudo松戸市Matsudo-shiMatsudo City61.38492,367207
 Noda野田市Noda-shiNoda City103.55152,227208
 Mobara茂原市Mobara-shiMobara City99.9286,446210
 Narita成田市Narita-shiNarita City213.84130,689211
 Sakura佐倉市Sakura-shiSakura City103.69169,059212
 Tōgane東金市Tōgane-shiTōgane City89.1257,560213
 Asahi旭市Asahi-shiAsahi City130.4563,507215
 Narashino習志野市Narashino-shiNarashino City20.97174,990216
 Kashiwa
(Core city)
柏市Kashiwa-shiKashiwa City114.74433,941217
 Katsuura勝浦市Katsuura-shiKatsuura City93.9616,723218
 Ichihara市原市Ichihara-shiIchihara City368.17268,038219
 Nagareyama流山市Nagareyama-shiNagareyama City35.32200,298220
 Yachiyo八千代市Yachiyo-shiYachiyo City51.39200,538221
 Abiko我孫子市Abiko-shiAbiko City43.15130,290222
 Kamogawa鴨川市Kamogawa-shiKamogawa City191.1431,554223
 Kamagaya鎌ケ谷市Kamagaya-shiKamagaya City21.08109,370224
 Kimitsu君津市Kimitsu-shiKimitsu City318.8181,355225
 Futtsu富津市Futtsu-shiFuttsu City205.4742,280226
 Urayasu浦安市Urayasu-shiUrayasu City17.30169,749227
 Yotsukaidō四街道市Yotsukaidō-shiYotsukaidō City34.5293,233228
 Sodegaura袖ケ浦市Sodegaura-shiSodegaura City94.9363,975229
 Yachimata八街市Yachimata-shiYachimata City74.9466,430230
 Inzai印西市Inzai-shiInzai City
(In[ba] West City)
123.79103,677231
 Shiroi白井市Shiroi-shiShiroi City35.4861,673232
 Tomisato富里市Tomisato-shiTomisato City53.8849,470233
 Minamiboso南房総市Minami-Bōsō-shiMinami-Boso City
(SouthBoso City)
230.1035,454234
 Sōsa匝瑳市Sōsa-shiSōsa City
(afterSōsa District)
101.5234,427235
 Katori香取市Katori-shiKatori City
(afterKatori District)
262.3571,391236
 Sanmu山武市Sanmu-shiSanmu City146.7748,196237
 Isumiいすみ市Isumi-shiIsumi City157.5035,570238
 Ōamishirasato大網白里市Ōami-Shirasato-shiŌami-Shirasato City
(merger ofŌami Town &Shirasato Village)
58.0847,722239
 Shisui酒々井町Shisui-machiShisui TownInba19.0120,278322
 Sakae栄町Sakae-machiSakae Town32.5119,902329
 Kōzaki神崎町Kōzaki-machiKōzaki TownKatori19.905,663342
 Tako多古町Tako-machiTako Town72.8013,804347
 Tōnoshō東庄町Tōnoshō-machiTōnoshō Town46.2513,085349
 Kujūkuri九十九里町Kujūkuri-machiKujūkuri TownSanbu24.4614,652403
 Shibayama芝山町Shibayama-machiShibayama Town43.246,916409
 Yokoshibahikari横芝光町Yokoshiba-Hikari-machiYokoshiba-Hikari Town
(merger ofYokoshiba Town &Hikari Town)
67.0122,271410
 Ichinomiya一宮町Ichinomiya-machiIchinomiya Town
([Kazusa]provincial shrine Town)
Chōsei22.9911,622421
 Mutsuzawa睦沢町Mutsuzawa-machiMutsuzawa Town35.596,761422
 Chōsei長生村Chōsei-muraChōsei Village28.2513,656423
 Shirako白子町Shirako-machiShirako Town27.5010,280424
 Nagara長柄町Nagara-machiNagara Town47.116,664426
 Chōnan長南町Chōnan-machiChōnan Town65.517,368427
 Ōtaki大多喜町Ōtaki-machiŌtaki TownIsumi129.878,762441
 Onjuku御宿町Onjuku-machiOnjuku Town24.856,769443
 Kyonan鋸南町Kyonan-machiKyonan TownAwa45.177,027463
  Chiba千葉県Chiba-kenChiba Prefecture5,157.506,275,916000
ISO: JP-12

Mergers

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With the introduction ofmodern municipalities (cities/towns/villages) in 1889, Chiba's districts were subdivided into 43 towns and 315 villages. The first city was created in 1921 when Chiba Town from Chiba District became district-independent as Chiba City. The postwar/1950s Great Shōwa mergers reduced the number of municipalities in Chiba to 101 by 1960, including 14 cities by then. The early 3rd millennium Great Heisei mergers created the current 54 municipalities by 2010.

List of governors of Chiba Prefecture (from 1947)

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  • Tamenosuke Kawaguchi (川口為之助) – from 21 April 1947 to 25 October 1950
  • Hitoshi Shibata (柴田 等) – from 15 December 1950 to 2 November 1962
  • Hisaaki Kano (加納久朗) – from 3 November 1962 to 21 February 1963
  • Taketo Tomonoo (友納武人) – from 17 April 1963 to 16 April 1975
  • Kiichi Kawakami (川上紀一) – from 17 April 1975 to 27 February 1981
  • Takeshi Numata (沼田 武) – from 5 April 1981 to 4 April 2001
  • Akiko Domoto (堂本暁子) – from 5 April 2001 to 4 April 2009
  • Kensaku Morita (森田健作) – from 5 April 2009 to 4 April 2021
  • Toshihito Kumagai (熊谷俊人) – from 5 April 2021 to present

Economy

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Industry

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Chiba Prefecture is home to one of Japan's largest industrial areas. Prior toWorld War II manufacturing in the prefecture was centered on thebrewing industry, specifically the production ofsoy sauce,sake andmirin sweet cooking sake. Themanufacturing sector expanded greatly after the war. The prefecture was chosen as the site for a majorKawasaki Steel factory in 1950. In the same period the prefectural government embarked on a large-scaleland reclamation program todredge large plots of waterfront property. The large-scale construction offactories,warehouses, anddocks on this reclaimed land around the Tokyo Bay area ultimately formed theKeiyō Industrial Zone.[26] Chiba Prefecture is now 6th in Japan inindustrial output with the bulk of the industry focused on thepetroleum,chemical, andsteel andmachine industries.[27] Together, these industries account for forty-five percent of the prefecture's exports. In recent years, the government has funded more than eightyindustrial parks to bring development further inland as well.

Agriculture

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Rice production, Sawara,Katori

The prefecture also boasts Japan's overall second-highest agricultural output. Among all the prefectures, onlyHokkaido produces more agricultural products, and Chiba leads Hokkaido in vegetable production.[citation needed]Peanuts are considered a specialty product of Chiba: 78 per cent of the country's peanuts are produced in the prefecture.[28]

Chiba Prefecture leads the nation in the production of several vegetables, includingcarrots;cabbage;daikonradish;negi, the ubiquitous Japanesecultivar of theWelsh onion;loquat;nashi, the Japanese cultivar of thepear, which has a two hundred-year history of cultivation in the prefecture;tomatoes; andspinach[29][30] It is the nation's second largest producer ofcorn.[29]Rice is also grown, andseaweed, specificallynori, is harvested in large quantities from Tokyo Bay.[31]

Demographics

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Chiba prefecture population pyramid in 2020

Chiba's population is one of the wealthiest in Japan due to the prefecture's strong commercial and industrial sectors. Per capita GDP is ¥3.1 million, the fifth-highest in the country. 70% of the population is employed in the service sector, with 25% in industry and 5% in agriculture.[citation needed]

Climate

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Chiba Prefecture has ahumid subtropical climate (KoppenCfa) with hot, humid summers and mild, cool winters. Thetsuyurainy season occurs for approximately 50 days from June to July. According to theJapanese Meteorological Agency, the average of annual temperature is 15.7 °C (60.3 °F). The average high is 19.6 °C (67.3 °F), and the average low is 12.3 °C (54.1 °F).[32]

Climate data for Chiba, Chiba
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)9
(48)
9
(48)
12
(53)
17
(63)
22
(71)
24
(75)
27
(81)
29
(85)
26
(79)
21
(69)
16
(61)
12
(53)
19
(66)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)1
(33)
1
(34)
4
(39)
9
(49)
14
(57)
18
(64)
21
(70)
23
(74)
19
(67)
13
(56)
8
(46)
3
(37)
11
(52)
Averageprecipitation mm (inches)48.3
(1.90)
66
(2.6)
94
(3.7)
109.2
(4.30)
96.5
(3.80)
139.7
(5.50)
106.7
(4.20)
121.9
(4.80)
177.8
(7.00)
157.5
(6.20)
83.8
(3.30)
48.3
(1.90)
1,249.7
(49.2)
Source: weather.com

Education

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Universities

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Chiba University Library

Secondary schools

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TheChiba Prefectural Board of Education oversees municipal school districts in the prefecture. The board also directly operates the prefecture's public high schools.

Culture

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Museums

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Chiba Museum of Science and Industry

Chiba Prefecture is home to one national-level museum and several prefectural and local museums. TheNational Museum of Japanese History is located in Sakura and focuses on the history, archaeology, and folk culture of Japan.[33] The Chiba prefectural museums consist of a main museum, theNatural History Museum and Institute, Chiba in the central Chuō-ku ward of Chiba City, and six branch museums throughout the prefecture. TheChiba Prefectural Museum of Art is in Chiba City. TheChiba Prefectural Boso-no-mura in Sakae focuses on the local culture of the late Edo period, and theChiba Prefectural Otone Museum in Katori focuses on the culture of theTone River basin. The reconstructedJapanese castles ofSekiyado andŌtaki host regional historical museums. TheChiba Museum of Science and Industry is located in Ichikawa on the site of a former factory, and theCoastal Branch of Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba in Katsuura focuses on the marine environment of the Pacific Ocean coast.[34] Numerous other municipalities in the prefecture also host museums.

Libraries and archives

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TheChiba Prefectural Library consists of three libraries. The Chiba Prefectural Central Library is located in the central Chuō-ku ward of Chiba City directly southwest ofChiba Castle and in close proximity to the City of Chiba offices. The Central Library houses a general collection as well as the central research collection for the prefecture.[35][36] The Chiba Prefectural West Library is located in Matsudo next to theMatsudo Museum,[37] and houses a research collection focused on natural history and the fine arts. The Chiba Prefectural East Library is located in Asahi,[38] and houses a research collection focused on the literature and history of the prefecture.[39] TheChiba Prefectural Archives are located across theMiyako River from the City of Chiba offices. The archive maintains a collection of rare books and materials from across the prefecture, as well as materials related to the administration of Chiba Prefecture.[40] Each municipality in the prefecture maintains a local libraries, and many shrines and temples maintain archival collections related to their institutions.

Cuisine

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Futomaki, large sushi rolls, Katori, Chiba Prefecture
 
Kaisō, a jelly-like food made from the seaweedChondrus elatus. Believed to have originated inChōshi city

The traditional diet of Chiba Prefecture is not fundamentally different from that of the rest of Japan. Chiba Prefecture produces prolific quantities of rice across all areas in the prefecture, vegetables in the northern area of the prefecture, and fish, seafood, and shellfish along the coastal areas of the prefecture. Chōshi has been a major center of worldwidesoy sauce production since theEdo period, and the prefecture remains the top producer in Japan.Kikkoman is headquartered in Noda in northwestern Chiba Prefecture.[30][41] These are all important components ofJapanese cuisine.

Certain local products, however, are grown in abundance and have resulted in several dishes unique to the areas. Peanuts, grown in great quantities in the prefecture, appear fresh in markets in the prefecture and are eaten boiled as a snack.Miso paste mixed with peanuts is also produced in Chiba.[30]Takenoko, wholebamboo shoot, are harvested in the central part of the Boso Peninsula. The takenoko of Ōtaki lack the concentration ofarsenic typically found in uncooked bamboo shoots, and as such, are uniquely eaten raw in the area as "takenoko sashimi".[42][43]Futomaki orfutomakizushi, literally "fat roll", is a large version of the sushi roll. The futomaki popularly made in Chiba Prefecture is up to 10 centimeters in diameter. Futomaki in Chiba Prefecture often utilize various ingredients to form a pattern, such as a flower or akanji character, when the roll is cut and served.[30][43]

Sports

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Zozo Marine Stadium, home ofChiba Lotte Marines.

The prefecture plays host to two major events in the Japanese athletics calendar: theInternational Chiba Ekiden and theChiba International Cross Country.

The following sports teams are based in Chiba.

American football

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Association football

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Baseball

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Basketball

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Rugby

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Futsal

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Volleyball

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Transportation

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Narita International Airport

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MostTokyo-bound visitors arriving on international flights land inNarita International Airport, which is situated inNarita in the north of the prefecture, and connected to Tokyo by theEast Japan Railway'sNarita Express and theKeisei Electric Railway'sSkyliner.

Railways

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Jōban Line
 
Narita Line
 
Kominato Railway
 
Isumi Railway

People movers

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Road

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Expressways

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National highways

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  • Route 6
  • Route 14
  • Route 16
  • Route 51
  • Route 124
  • Route 126
  • Route 127
  • Route 128
  • Route 294
  • Route 295
  • Route 296
  • Route 297
  • Route 298
  • Route 356
  • Route 357
  • Route 408
  • Route 409
  • Route 410
  • Route 464
  • Route 465

Tourism

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TheTokyo Disney Resort is located inUrayasu near the western border of the prefecture. TheKamogawa Sea World is located inKamogawa. There are also a number of tourist sites on the Chiba peninsula, such asNokogiriyama;Kujūkuri Beach; andOnjuku beach.

 
A beach in Chiba

Politics

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Main building of the prefectural government in Chiba City
 
The prefectural assembly building

Since 2009, the prefectural governor[44] is Eiji Suzuki, better known under his stage name asKensaku Morita, former actor, member of the House of Representatives (LDP/Independent – Tokyo 4th district) and member of the House of Councillors (Independent – Tokyo). He was reelected overwhelmingly to a second term as governor in theMarch 2013 election against only a Communist challenger and a minor, unaffiliated independent.

The assembly of Chiba Prefecture[45] has a regular membership of 95, elected in 45 electoral districts, currently still in the unified local election cycle of 1947 (last round2011). As of July 2014, it is composed as follows: LDP 52 members,DPJ 13,Kōmeitō 7,JCP 4, Shimin Net/SDP/Independents 4,Your Party 3, four other caucuses with 5 members in total.[46]

In theNational Diet, Chiba is represented by 13 members from single-member districts in theHouse of Representatives, and six members (three at-large per election) in theHouse of Councillors. After the most recent Diet elections of 2010, 2012 and 2013, the prefecture is represented by eleven Liberal Democrats and two Democrats in the House of Representatives, and three Liberal Democrats, two Democrats, and one Your Party member in the House of Councillors. Current Diet members from Chiba include former prime ministerYoshihiko Noda (H.R., DPJ – 4th district) and former ministersKuniko Inoguchi (H.C., LDP – class of 2010) andMotoo Hayashi (H.R., LDP – 10th district).

Local government

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As of 2014, Chiba is divided into 54 contiguousmunicipalities (see list above): 37 cities, 16 towns and one village,[47] as in all of postwar Japan each with a directly elected mayor and assembly. The most populous and Chiba's onlydesignated major city is the capitalChiba City. Two cities, Funabashi and Kashiwa, arecore cities. After late 20th century mergers, much of the rest of the prefecture is also organized in independentcities: Of the (today purely geographical)counties, only six remain, four of which have only one or two remainingtowns orvillages. After the reorganization of county and municipal governments in all prefectures in 1889/1890, there had initially been 12 counties and no city in Chiba;[48] Chiba town in Chiba county became the first municipality in Chiba to be elevated to city status in 1921.

Notable people

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Police

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Chiba police HQ

While by far not as large as that of neighbouring Tokyo, Chiba's police force is amongst the country's tenth largest at more than 10,000 members (including the Narita airport police). As in every prefecture, the police are supervised by the public safety commission; its five members are appointed by the governor with approval by the assembly.[49][50]

International relations

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Chiba Prefecture has a sister city relationship with:

In popular culture

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References

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  1. ^"2020年度国民経済計算(2015年基準・2008SNA) : 経済社会総合研究所 - 内閣府".内閣府ホームページ (in Japanese). Retrieved2023-05-18.
  2. ^Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Chiba-ken" inJapan Encyclopedia, p. 109, p. 109, atGoogle Books; "Kantō" inp. 479, p. 479, atGoogle Books.
  3. ^Nussbaum, "Chiba" inp. 109, p. 109, atGoogle Books
  4. ^千葉国造(下総).{{cite encyclopedia}}:|website= ignored (help)
  5. ^"千葉県の成立と行政的変遷".Nihon Rekishi Chimei Taikei (日本歴史地名大系) (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012. Archived fromthe original on 2007-08-25. Retrieved2012-04-01.
  6. ^"Keiyō".Dijitaru daijisen (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012. Archived fromthe original on 2007-08-25. Retrieved2012-03-26.
  7. ^Statistics Bureau of Japan
  8. ^千葉県史料: 原始古代編 [Historical Materials on Chiba Prefecture: Prehistory and Ancient History] (in Japanese). Vol. Kazusa-no-Kuni. Chiba, Chiba Prefecture: Chiba Prefecture. 1963.LCCN 67000809.OCLC 37884389.
  9. ^abChiba-ken Kōtō Gakkō Kyōiku Kenkyūkai. Rekishi Bukai. (1989).Chiba-ken no rekishi sanpo (千葉県の歴史散步) (in Japanese). Tokyo: Yamakawa Shuppansha. pp. 3–4.ISBN 9784634291201.
  10. ^Nussbaum, "Provinces and prefectures" inp. 780, p. 780, atGoogle Books.
  11. ^Chiba-ken Kōtō Gakkō Kyōiku Kenkyūkai. Rekishi Bukai. (1989).Chiba-ken no rekishi sanpo (千葉県の歴史散步) (in Japanese). Tokyo: Yamakawa Shuppansha. p. 9.ISBN 9784634291201.
  12. ^Chiba-ken Kōtō Gakkō Kyōiku Kenkyūkai. Rekishi Bukai. (1989).Chiba-ken no rekishi sanpo (千葉県の歴史散步) (in Japanese). Tokyo: Yamakawa Shuppansha. p. 91.ISBN 9784634291201.
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  14. ^"LPG Tanks Fire Extinguished at Chiba Refinery (5th Update)". Cosmo Energy Holdings. March 21, 2011.
  15. ^Fukue, Natsuko (30 March 2012)."Liquefaction driving away Chiba residents".Japan Times. Archived fromthe original on 1 April 2012.
  16. ^"Liquefaction damage widespread".Yomiuri Shimbun. 10 April 2011. Archived fromthe original on 11 April 2011.
  17. ^Fukue, Natsuko (8 April 2011)."Urayasu still dealing with liquefaction".Japan Times. Archived fromthe original on 10 April 2011.
  18. ^"Foreigner exodus spurs Chiba population decline".Yomiuri Shimbun. 9 February 2011. Archived fromthe original on 12 February 2012.
  19. ^"九十九里平野 (Kujūri Heino)".Dijitaru daijisen (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012. Archived fromthe original on 2007-08-25. Retrieved2012-04-09.
  20. ^"General overview of area figures for Natural Parks by prefecture"(PDF).Ministry of the Environment. Retrieved26 April 2012.
  21. ^"Suigō-Tsukuba Kokutei Kōen (水郷筑波国定公園)".Nihon Daihyakka Zensho (Nipponika) (日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ) (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012. Archived fromthe original on 2007-08-25. Retrieved2012-04-09.
  22. ^"Minami-Bōsō Kokutei Kōen (南房総国定公園)".Nihon Daihyakka Zensho (Nipponika) (日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ) (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012. Archived fromthe original on 2007-08-25. Retrieved2012-04-09.
  23. ^千葉県の自然公園一覧表 [List of Natural Parks of Chiba Prefecture] (in Japanese). Chiba Prefecture. Retrieved26 April 2012.
  24. ^GSI:Areas of all cities, special wards, towns and villages of all prefectures, retrieved August 22, 2021.
  25. ^Chiba prefectural government:Monthly population statistics, based on resident registration data, retrieved August 22, 2021.
  26. ^"Chiba Industry". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan.
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  28. ^Chiba, Chiba Prefecture."Chiba-ken Agricultural statistics".www.japancrops.com. Retrieved19 May 2022.
  29. ^ab"Welcome to Chiba - Foods". Chiba Prefectural Government. Archived fromthe original on 2012-08-31. Retrieved2012-04-20.
  30. ^abcd"Trends in Japan: Chiba Offers Delicacies From Land And Sea". Web Japan. 4 December 2007. Retrieved2012-04-26.
  31. ^"Ichikawa Produces Nori (Laver Seaweed)". Ichikawa City. 2009-11-25. Archived fromthe original on 2012-02-14. Retrieved2012-01-30.
  32. ^"気象庁|過去の気象データ検索".www.data.jma.go.jp. Retrieved2019-02-18.
  33. ^"Introduction to the Museum". Sakura, Chiba Prefecture, Japan: National Museum of Japanese History. 2012. Archived fromthe original on July 17, 2012. RetrievedJuly 21, 2012.
  34. ^千葉の県立博物館
  35. ^Chiba-ken Kōtō Gakkō Kyōiku Kenkyūkai. Rekishi Bukai. (1989).Chiba-ken no rekishi sanpo (千葉県の歴史散步) (in Japanese). Tokyo: Yamakawa Shuppansha. p. 16.ISBN 9784634291201.OCLC 28073785.
  36. ^Chiba Prefectural Central Library
  37. ^Chiba Prefectural West Library
  38. ^Chiba Prefectural West Library
  39. ^要覧: 平成23年度, 千葉県立中央図書館, 千葉県立西図書館, 千葉県立東図書館[permanent dead link]
  40. ^千葉県文書館, Chiba Prefectural Archives
  41. ^"Kikkoman Corporate Profile". Archived fromthe original on 2012-03-26. Retrieved2012-05-01.
  42. ^第271回『たけのこ』春の息吹 たけのこ4月18日放送予定Archived 2020-06-07 at theWayback Machine(in Japanese)
  43. ^ab"Country Dishes of Chiba Prefecture". Archived fromthe original on 2013-07-01. Retrieved2012-05-01.
  44. ^Chiba Prefecture:GovernorArchived 2015-07-03 at theWayback Machine(in Japanese)
  45. ^Chiba Prefecture:Assembly(in Japanese)
  46. ^Prefectural assembly:Members by caucus(in Japanese)
  47. ^Chiba Prefecture,MunicipalitiesArchived 2015-09-29 at theWayback Machine:List,Map
  48. ^Chiba's counties and cities in 1900(in Japanese)
  49. ^Chiba prefectural police(in Japanese)
  50. ^Chiba prefectural public safety commission(in Japanese)
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External links

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35°36′18″N140°07′24″E / 35.60500°N 140.12333°E /35.60500; 140.12333


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