| Part ofa series on |
| Chemical engineering |
|---|
 |
| Fundamentals |
| Unit processes |
| Aspects |
| Glossaries |
|
 Category |
Achemical engineer is a professional equipped with the knowledge ofchemistry and other basic sciences who works principally in thechemical industry to convert basicraw materials into a variety ofproducts and deals with the design and operation ofplants and equipment.[1] This person applies the principles ofchemical engineering in any of its various practical applications, such as
There is some debate about which historical figure should be considered the first chemical engineer. The president of theInstitution of Chemical Engineers said in his presidential address, "I believe most of us would be willing to regardEdward Charles Howard (1774–1816) as the first chemical engineer of any eminence".[2] Others have suggestedJohann Rudolf Glauber (1604–1670) for his development of processes for the manufacture of the major industrial acids.[3]
According to theOxford English Dictionary, the first evidence of the noun 'chemical engineer' is from 1838.[4]The term appeared in print in 1839, though from the context it suggests a person who hasmechanical engineering knowledge but is currently working in thechemical industry.[5] In 1880,George E. Davis wrote in a letter toChemical News, "A Chemical Engineer is a person who possesses chemical and mechanical knowledge, and who applies that knowledge to the utilisation, on a manufacturing scale, of chemical action." He proposed the name Society of Chemical Engineers, for what was in fact constituted as theSociety of Chemical Industry. At the first General Meeting of the Society in 1882, some 15 of the 300 members described themselves as chemical engineers, and the Society's formation of a Chemical Engineering Group in 1918 attracted about 400 members.[6]
In 1905, a publication calledThe Chemical Engineer was founded in the US,[7] and in 1908 theAmerican Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) was established.[8]
In 1924, theInstitution of Chemical Engineers adopted the following definition: "A chemical engineer is a professional man experienced in the design, construction and operation of plant and works in whichmatter undergoes a change of state and composition."[9]
As can be seen from the later definition, the occupation is not limited to thechemical industry, but more generally theprocess industries, or other situations in which complex physical and/orchemical processes must be managed.
The UK journalThe Chemical Engineer (began 1956) has a series of biographies available online entitled “Chemical Engineers who Changed the World”.[10]
Historically, the chemical engineer has been primarily concerned withprocess engineering, which can generally be divided into two complementary areas:chemical reaction engineering andseparation processes. The modern discipline of chemical engineering, however, encompasses much more than just process engineering. Chemical engineers are now engaged in the development and production of a diverse range of products, as well as in commodity and specialty chemicals. These products include high-performance materials needed foraerospace,automotive,biomedical,electronic,environmental andmilitary applications. Examples include ultra-strong fibers,fabrics,adhesives and composites for vehicles,bio-compatible materials for implants and prosthetics,gels for medical applications,pharmaceuticals, and films with special dielectric, optical, orspectroscopic properties foroptoelectronic devices.[11][12][13]
Additionally, chemical engineering is often intertwined withbiology andbiomedical engineering.[11] Many chemical engineers work on biological projects such as understandingbiopolymers (such asproteins) andmapping the human genome.
According to a 2015 salary survey by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, the median annual salary for a chemical engineer was approximately $127,000.[14] The survey was repeated in 2017 and the median annual salary dropped slightly to $124,000. The decrease in median salary was unexpected. A factor contributing to the decline may be that the 2017 survey was conducted by a different research and analysis firm. Median salaries ranged from $70,450 for chemical engineers with fewer than three years of experience to $156,000 for those with more than 40 years in the workforce.[15]
In theUK, the IChemE 2016 Salary Survey reported a median salary of approximately £57,000, with a starting salary for a graduate averaging £28,350.[16]
According to 2023 figures,Bayes Business School graduates earn an average of £51,921 within 5 years of graduation, which is the most among UK universities. This was followed by theUniversity of Oxford at £49,086 and theUniversity of Warwick at £47,446.[17]
The chemical engineering field has a gender representation gap, similar to otherengineering disciplines, with women representing a significantly smaller percentage of the workforce than men. However, in the United States, chemical engineering is one of the engineering disciplines with the highest participation of women, with 35% of students compared with 20% in engineering as of 2024.[18][19][20] In the UK in 2014, 25% of students starting any degree were women, compared with 15% of students in engineering.[21] 18.8% of US graduates who responded to a 2015 salary survey were women.[14]
Some groups and individuals have made efforts to improve conditions and representation for women chemical engineers. Women in Chemical Engineering (WIC) is a sub-group of the AIChE that is dedicated to this cause.[22][23] Since 2011,IUPAC has given an annual award for Distinguished Women in Chemistry or Chemical Engineering.[24]
According to theU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the occupational outlook for chemical engineers between 2024 and 2034 was 3% growth.[25]
Chemical engineering topics | ||
|---|---|---|
| History |  | |
| Concepts | ||
| Unit operations | ||
| Unit process | ||
| Branches | ||
| Others | ||
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
