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Cebupithecia

(Redirected fromCebupithecia sarmientoi)

Cebupithecia is anextinctgenus ofNew World monkeys from theMiddle Miocene (Laventan in theSouth American land mammal ages; 13.8 to 11.8 million years ago). Its remains have been found at theKonzentrat-Lagerstätte ofLa Venta in theHonda Group ofColombia. Thetype species isC. sarmientoi.[1][2]

Cebupithecia
Temporal range:Middle Miocene (Laventan)
~13.8–11.8 Ma
Reconstructed skull
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Domain:Eukaryota
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Mammalia
Order:Primates
Suborder:Haplorhini
Infraorder:Simiiformes
Family:Pitheciidae
Subfamily:Pitheciinae
Genus:†Cebupithecia
Stirton & Savage 1950
Species
  • C. sarmientoi (type)

Description

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Fossils ofCebupithecia were discovered in the "Monkey Beds" of theHonda Group, that has been dated to theLaventan, about 13.5 million years ago.Cebupithecia had a dental formula of 2:1:3:3 on the lower jaw. Theincisors of this species were procumbant, suggesting a close relation toPithecia.[3] and thecanines had a stout appearance. Themolars were flat withcusps having little contours.[2]Cebupithecia had an estimated average body mass around 1,602 g (3.532 lb).[4]Cebupithecia had a relatively longer talar neck and a higher, more squared-shaped talar body. In these features,Cebupithecia is more likecebines oraotins than pitheciines, but its overall pattern is unlike any living platyrrhine group or any of the known fossils.[5]

Movement

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Cebupithecia also exhibits a relatively large medial protuberance, which is smoothed, another resemblance to aotins. The significance of these characteristics is difficult to interpret.Cebupithecia may be the most primitive known pitheciine, retaining shared primitive resemblances with aotins and cebines. Alternatively, its unusual morphology could reflect a unique, derived (for pitheciines) locomotor pattern. The talar features that distinguishCebupithecia from other pitheciines indicate that leaping was relatively more frequent, as is also indicated by other postcranial features. The locomotor behavior ofCebupithecia has been reconstructed as frequentquadrupedalism and leaping,[5] or more relying on vertical clinging and leaping rather than quadrupedal locomotion, much like members of the extant genusPithecia, to which the genus is related.[2][6]

Later research suggests thatCebupithecia may have employed its tail differently from most nonprehensile-tailed platyrrhines living today, behaviors thatpossibly involved tail-bracing or twisting during hindlimb (pedal grasping) suspensory behaviors. Such behaviors may serve as a preadaptive model for the full-fledged evolution of below-branch tail suspension and prehensility seen in other New World primates.[7]

Evolution

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The evolutionary split betweenPitheciidae, of whichCebupithecia, andCallicebus, includingMiocallicebus, also found in the Honda Group, has been placed at 15.2 million years ago.[8]

Habitat

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The Honda Group, and more precisely the "Monkey Beds", are the richest site forfossil primates in South America.[9] It has been argued that the monkeys of the Honda Group were living in habitat that was in contact with theAmazon andOrinoco Basins, and that La Venta itself was probably seasonally dry forest.[10] From the same level as whereCebupithecia has been found, fossils ofAotus dindensis,Micodon,Mohanamico,Saimiri annectens,Saimiri fieldsi, andStirtonia tatacoensis have also been uncovered.[11][12][13]

See also

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References

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  1. ^"Cebupithecia sarmientoi".Fossilworks. Retrieved26 March 2023.
  2. ^abc"Cebupithecia sarmientoi".theprimata.com. 29 June 2007. Archived from the original on 7 April 2019.
  3. ^Defler, 2004, p.32
  4. ^Silvestro et al., 2017, p.14
  5. ^abGebo et al., 1990, p.744
  6. ^Tejedor, 2013, p.28
  7. ^Organ & Lemelin, 2011, p.2013
  8. ^Takai et al., 2001, p.304
  9. ^Rosenberger & Hartwig, 2001, p.3
  10. ^Lynch Alfaro et al., 2015, p.520
  11. ^Luchterhand et al., 1986, p.1753
  12. ^Wheeler, 2010, p.133
  13. ^Setoguchi et al., 1986, p.762

Bibliography

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Further reading

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