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Thebilabial ejective is a type ofconsonantal sound, used in somespokenlanguages. The symbol in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨pʼ⟩.
| Bilabial ejective stop | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| pʼ | |||
| IPA number | 101 + 401 | ||
| Audio sample | |||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity(decimal) | pʼ | ||
| Unicode(hex) | U+0070 U+02BC | ||
| X-SAMPA | p_> | ||
| Braille |    | ||
| |||
Features
editFeatures of the bilabial ejective:
- Itsmanner of articulation isocclusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also oral, with nonasal outlet, the airflow is blocked entirely, and the consonant is aplosive.
- Itsplace of articulation isbilabial, which means it is articulated with bothlips.
- It is anoral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, thecentral–lateral dichotomy does not apply.
- Theairstream mechanism isejective (glottalic egressive), which means the air is forced out by pumping theglottis upward.
Occurrence
editIn addition to the languages listed below, this sound is also a common phonological feature of the Ethiopian linguistic area, especiallyEthiopian Semitic languages.
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adyghe | пӏакӏэ | [pʼaːt͡ʃʼa]ⓘ | 'thin' | ||
| Amharic | ጴጥሮስ/p̣iéṭros | [pʼetʼros] | 'Peter' | ||
| Armenian | Yerevan dialect[1] | պոչ/pochʿ | [pʼotʃʰ] | 'tail' | Corresponds to tenuis[p⁼] in otherEastern dialects |
| Chechen | пӏелг /phelg /ڢەلگ | [pʼelɡ] | 'finger' | ||
| Ganza[2]: 95 | [pʼá̰bḭ́] | 'gathering' | |||
| Georgian | პეპელა/pepela | [pʼɛpʼɛlɑ] | 'butterfly' | ||
| Hadza | hûbbu | [ɦuːpʼu] | 'to lift something heavy' | (mimetic) | |
| Haida | ttappad | [tʼapʼat] | 'to break' | (mimetic) | |
| Halkomelem | p̓əq̓ | [pʼəqʼ] | 'white' | ||
| Kabardian | цӏапӏэ /çaṗe /ڗاࢠه | [t͡sʼaːpʼa]ⓘ | 'mean' | ||
| Kunigami | p'aapaa | [pʼaːpaː] | 'grandmother' | ||
| Nez Perce | p’íłin | [ˈpʼiɬin] | 'hole' | ||
| Ossetian | Iron | пъовыр/phovyr | [ˈpʼovɪ̈r] | 'cook' | |
| Quechua | p’acha | [pʼat͡ʃa] | 'clothes' | ||
| Ubykh | wıp'ts'e | [wɨpʼtsʼɜ] | 'your name' | SeeUbykh phonology | |
| Yurok[3] | kaap' | [kaːpʼ] | 'leaves' | ||
See also
editNotes
edit- ^Dum-Tragut (2009:17–18)
- ^Smolders, Joshua (2016)."A Phonology of Ganza"(pdf).Linguistic Discovery.14 (1):86–144.doi:10.1349/PS1.1537-0852.A.470. Retrieved2017-01-16.
- ^"Yurok consonants".Yurok Language Project. UC Berkeley.Archived from the original on 2011-06-29. Retrieved2021-04-17.
References
edit- Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009).Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian. London Oriental and African Language Library. Vol. 14. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.ISBN 978-90-272-8879-0.LCCN 2009037609.