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Bifora (architecture)

Inarchitecture, abifora is a type ofwindow divided vertically into two openings by a smallcolumn or amullion or apilaster; the openings are topped byarches,round orpointed.[1][2][3] Sometimes the bifora is framed by a further arch; the space between the two arches may be decorated with a coat of arms or a small circular opening (oculus).

An open-sky bifora (San Francesco, Lodi, Italy)

The bifora was used inByzantine architecture, including Italian buildings such as theBasilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo, inRavenna. Typical of theRomanesque andGothic periods, in which it became an ornamental motif for windows andbelfries, the bifora was also often used during theRenaissance period.[4] InBaroque architecture andNeoclassical architecture the bifora was largely forgotten, or replaced by elements like the three openings of theVenetian window. It was also copied in theMoorish architecture in Spain, where it is calledajimez (from Arabicash-shammīs).[5][6]

It returned in vogue in the nineteenth century in the period of eclecticism and rediscovery of the ancient styles inGothic Revival andRomanesque Revival architecture.

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See also

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References

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  1. ^Smith, Timothy B. (2017).Art as Politics in Late Medieval and Renaissance Siena.Routledge. p. 53.ISBN 9781351575591. Retrieved23 July 2019.
  2. ^Johnson, Paul (1980).British Cathedrals.W. Morrow. p. 61.ISBN 9780688036720. Retrieved23 July 2019.
  3. ^Acta Ad Archaeologiam Et Artium Historiam Pertinentia: 4o. "L'Erma" di Bretschneider. 1975. p. 171. Retrieved23 July 2019.
  4. ^Ireland, Jeannie (2008).History of Interior Design.Bloomsbury Academic. p. 231.ISBN 9781563674624. Retrieved23 July 2019.
  5. ^Sucre, Sebastián (2003).Puertas y ventanas del Barrio de San Felipe (in Spanish). Editora Sibauste. p. 109.ISBN 978-9962-02-382-1.BÍFORA (AJIMEZ): Ventana, puerta o vano dividido por una columna o columnita y rematada por un arco de medio punto
  6. ^"ajimez".Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.: "from Arabicash-shammīs the ajimez"

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