Parts of this articlemay incorporate text from alarge language model. It may includehallucinated information,copyright violations, claims notverified in cited sources,original research, orfictitious references. Any such material should beremoved, and content with anunencyclopedic tone should be rewritten. The reason given is:2024 edits such asthis and likely others by user at this time, noteWP:AISIGNS in undue emphasis on symbolism, vocab distro typical of 2023-24 LLMs etc(February 2026) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Assamese Muslims

Stone Inscription insidePoa Mecca [as],Hajo,Assam.
Total population
c. 10.68 million (2011 census) (34.22% of the state people)
Regions with significant populations
Majority -:South Salmara - 95.2%,Dhubri - 79.67%,Goalpara - 57.52%,Bongaigaon - 50.22%,Barpeta - 70.74%,Morigaon - 52.56%,Nagaon - 55.36%,Darrang - 64.34%,Hojai - 53.65%,Hailakandi - 60.31% andKarimganj - 56.36%. Significant -:Cachar - 37.71%,Nalbari - 35.96%,Kokrajhar - 28.44%,Chirang - 22.66% andKamrup - 39.66%.
Religions
Islam
Languages
Majority:- Bengali •Assamese •Sylheti Minority:-Urdu

Islam is the second largest and fastest-growing religion inAssam. TheMuslim population was approximately 10.68 million, constituting over 34.22% of the total population of the state as of the 2011 census, givingAssam, the second-largestMuslim percentage in the country afterJammu and Kashmir (state).^[1] AfterJammu and Kashmir became Union Territory,Assam became thestate with largestMuslim percentage in thecountry. Islam reached the region in the 13th century and Muslims are a majority in almost elevendistricts of Assam and highly concentrated in four districts.^[2][3][4]

In 2021, estimations have predicted that the Muslim population in the state has reached 40%, numbering 14 million, out of total population of 35 million.^[5][6][7]Assam Government^[8][9] recognises five groups of indigenous Assamese Muslims were recognised, namely Goria, Moria, Deshi (Koch community), Juluha (Tea Tribals) and Syed^{[10][11][12][13]} other Muslims include various groups, such asBengali Muslims,Afghani Muslims,Bihari Muslims,Hindustani Musalman andManipuri Muslims. Some of these groups are affiliated and representatives of multipartywahabi movements influenced likeNadwatul Ulama,Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind,Tablighi Jamaat and other related parties, while others arenon-denominational Muslims.

This sectionneeds additional citations forverification. Please helpimprove this article byadding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Islam in Assam" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(April 2025) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

One of the most important factors contributing to the arrival and spread of Islam in Assam in the pre-colonial times was repeated invasions by Muslim rulers and generals.^[14] Though none of these invasions succeeded in establishing a rule it created a small but thriving Muslim population, aided by local rulers. LaterAhom kings encouraged a small Muslim immigration and even introduced Islamic prayers in court. In the colonial and post-colonial period, the Muslim population exploded in Assam primarily due to immigration.

One of the first conversions in Assam to Islam wasAli Mech, aMech chieftain. ADelhi Sultanate generalMuhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji appeared on the borders of Assam in 1206 and converted Ali Mech who guided him^[15] on his expedition tocapture Tibet. Khalji had arrived with a force of 10–12,000 horsemen at theKamrup region,^[16] but he was defeated at theChumbi Valley and was forced to retreat back toBengal^[17][18] with his army annihilated, where he died in the same year.^[19] This expedition resulted in Assam's first Muslim population.^[20]

The first immigrant settlement occurred in the middle of the 13th century whenMalik Ikhtiyaruddin Yuzbak in 1257 occupied some regions of Assam briefly. He introducedkhutbah and Friday services.^[21] However he was soon defeated by Sandhya, theRai of Kamarupa, who captured and executed him.^{[22]: 39–40} In circa 1360, theSultan of BengalSikandar Shah raided theKamata kingdom and heavily weakened King Indranarayan's authority. However, Sikandar was forced to retreat to Bengal, in order to suppress the invasion ofFiruz Shah Tughlaq of Delhi.^[23]

In 1498, SultanAlauddin Husain Shah dispatched military generalShah Ismail Ghazi with 24,000 soldiers and aflotilla to conquerKamata.^[24] The conquest was instigated by Sachipatra, aBrahmin whose son was executed by Nilambar for his promiscuity with the queen.^[25] Successfully imprisoning KingNilambar of theKhen dynasty,^[22] theBengal Sultanate began issuing coins bearing the Sultan as the "Conqueror of Kamru and Kamta" and publicly inscribed the victory at a stone inMalda.^[26] The Sultan appointed his son, Prince Daniyal,^[27] as the governor of the newly conquered region; that reached up toHajo and intended to expand to Central Assam. Ghiasuddin Aulia was aSufi fromBaghdad who arrived after the conquest ofKamata kingdom byAlauddin Husain Shah. He established akhanqah atop the Garurachala Hills inHajo. Claiming to have brought a lump of soil fromMakkah with him, the building came to be known as the Barmaqam Powa-Makkah. Ghiyathuddin died and amazar (mausoleum) was built there.^[28][29]

ABaro-Bhuyan confederation led by Gandharva Rai's descendant Harup Narayan was successful in removing the Sultanate influence, but the Baro-Bhuyans themselves were removed byVishwa Singha who established theKoch dynasty in 1515.^[25][30][31] The Sultanate rule lasted for about 15 years.

In 1613, theMughal emperorJahangir appointed Muhammad Zaman Karori ofTehran as the Amil ofSylhet. Zaman took part inIslam Khan I's Assam expedition and was instrumental to the capture ofKoch Hajo.^[32] The Mughals also ruledGoalpara (as a part of theirBengal Subah), but could not subdue the other parts of Assam.^[33] The Mughals established foursarkars in the newly acquired land---among which were Dhekeri (betweenSankosh andManas) and Kamrup (between Manas andBarnadi).^[34] Kamrup was also renamed as Shujabad, afterShah Shuja, theSubahdar ofBengal.^[35]

In 1630, a Muslim saint fromBaghdad popularly known asAzan Faqir settled inSivasagar. He preached to the local population aboutIslam and as a result, many converted and became his disciples.^{[citation needed]} His mausoleum is present in Saraguri Chapori.

There were a number of Muslim rulers of Kamrup during this period and they were referred to as theFaujdars of Shujabad.^[36] The sixth faujdar,Lutfullah Shirazi, built a hilltopmosque inKoch Hajo in 1657. The mosque contained themazar (mausoleum) of Prince Ghiyath ad-Din Awliya ofIraq, who is commonly credited for introducing Islam to the region.^[37] The Mughals lost Kamrup forever in 1682 after theBattle of Itakhuli.Incomplete list of Faujdars of Guahati:

1. Makram Khan (1612-1614)
2. Mir Sufi (1614-1616)
3. Shaykh Kamal (1616-1632)
4. Abd as-Salam (1632-1638)
5. Noorullah Khan Herati (1638-1656)
6. Lutfullah Shirazi (1656-1658), built a hilltopmosque inHajo in 1657.^[32]

When Assam came undercolonial rule, the British brought with them a number of immigrant Bengali settlers (mostlyBengali Muslims from Eastern Bengal region, nowBangladesh). These immigrants encouraged other Bengalis to settle in Assam for economic and social reasons.^[38] The fertile land of Assam and its vast expanse was inhabited by indigenous populace at that time( that is, vast lands and forests were present but fewer people) which then attracted a large number of landless immigrant peasants fromBengal presidency, nearly 85% of whom were Muslims. Thetea planters and immigrantMarwari businessmen, who needed workers, also welcomed the migrants.^[39]

Early establishments of these immigrant Bengalis were in the Goalpara district, mostly in thechar (riverine) lands and reserved forests.^[38] Most of these Muslim immigrants were known as "Miyas". Since many of them came from the Northeast part ofRangpur and very few of them came fromMymensingh, they were sometimes referred to asBongal meaning Outsider.^[40]

After theGovernment of India Act 1935, a Legislative Assembly was established in Assam in 1937. TheMuslim League, led byMuhammed Saadulah, formed a minority government in the state and he again encouraged large scale immigration from then Bengal.^[39]

InWorld War II,Nawab Sahidur Rahman ofAzad Hind was the onlyAssamese martyr ofAzad Hind Fauj duringBurma Campaign.^[41]

After theSylhet referendum in 1947, the Muslim-majoritySylhet region went toEast Pakistan while some Muslim-majority areas such as theKarimganj district went to Assam, India.^[42][43]

Assam has some indigenous Muslims like the Gauria, Maria and Deshi, though they are very few as compared to the large-scale Bengal-originating immigrants. Thus, there have been concerns thatillegal immigration from neighbouringEast Pakistan in India has contributed to a sharp rise in the Muslim population of Assam and has slowly destabilised the native inhabitants of Assam. This fear of "demographic invasion" by East Pakistani has been a political issue in Assam since the days of theAssam Movement (1979–1985).^[44] In 2001, there were 6 Muslim-majority districts in the state of Assam. By 2011, this number had increased to 9.^[45] However, some have stated these numbers have declined in recent years, though there is no concrete proof.^[46]

The Assam Movement or the Assam Agitation (1979-1985) led byAll Assam Students Union (AASU) and the 'All Assam Gana Sangram Parishad' (AAGSP) was a popular uprising to drive out the illegal immigrants from Bengal/Bihar etc. The movement ended with the signing of theAssam Accord by leaders of AASU-AAGSP and the Government of India under PMRajiv Gandhi. During this period of six long years of the historic movement, reportedly, 855 people (later on 860 according to AASU reports) sacrificed their lives in the hope of an "infiltration free Assam" in the 1979-1985 Assam agitation. In addition, the infamousNellie andKhoirabari massacres took place during this time claiming the lives of 2,191 and 100-500 respectively.

Assamese is the official language of the state and the most widely spoken, and so it serves as alingua franca for inter-ethnic communications.Bengali, which is an official language in Assam'sBarak Valley, is also a popular common language among certain communities.

The Assamese Muslims are often divided into four subgroups;Deshi,Maria,Gauria and Syeds. Some of these people are descendants of defeatedMughal soldiers, captured inAhom–Mughal conflicts, who eventually married native Assamese women and adopted Assamese language and culture. Their population totals to roughly 4 million, comprising 12.8% of state population. TheSyeds claim to be descendants of theIslamic prophetMuhammad.^[47][48][49]

TheDeshi are descendants of indigenousconverts to Islam from theKoch,Mech,Rabha,Boro. They considerAli Mech, the 13th-century chief, as their founding father.^[50] This group mainly converses inGoalpariya andRajbanshi, as opposed toBoro andRabha. They are mainly found in the western districts ofGoalpara,Kokrajhar,Dhubri andSouth Salmara-Mankachar (i.e.Lower Assam).^[51]

TheMaria are descended from captured Muslim soldiers who were part ofBakhtiyar Khalji's army in 1206. They are named as such because they were engaged in the bell-metal and smithy industry, the wordMaria meaningone who hits metals. On the other hand, theGauria are descendants of Muslim soldiers who accompanied Turbak Khan during his conquest of Assam in 1532. This army hailed fromGaur inBengal, so are referred to asGauria. TheMariya andGauria are minority groups and can be found inSivasagar,Jorhat,Tinsukia,Golaghat,Kamrup and some other districts in Assam. They speakAssamese language as their own mother tongue.^[52]

The Muslim ofBarak Valley adapt Sylheti language for speak consists of 3 districts namelyCachar,Karimganj,Hailakandi. Karimganj was known as a sub division of Sylhet district before 1947 which also part ofAkhand Bharat orAncient India. However, the Radcliffe Boundary Commission separated Karimganj from Sylhet. In Past, the district of Hailakandi and Cachar were underTwipra Kingdom and subsequently underKoch Kingdom from 16th-18th century A.D, followed byKachari Kingdom from 18th-19th century A D. The Sylheti Muslims are living and controlling local governancy were there before the Kacharis. There were no natural boundaries between Karimganj and Cachar to happen.The inhabitant Muslims in Barak Valley (comprising districts of Cachar, Hailakandi and Karimganj) bear surnames at present (starting from British era but not before) like Khan, Choudhury (adopted by most everyone's), Mazumdar,Laskar (used by most landlords), Barlaskar (mix of barbhuiya and Laskar), Barbhuiya (used by most of landlords), Mazarbhuiya (associate with Barbhuiyas), Talukdar, and Hazari and other regular titles or Surnames mostly bought from Kachari kings Krishan Chandra and Govinda Chandra but some not use any surnames or titles. Besides them,Manipuri, Mizo Muslims are also believed to have settled in Barak Valley. So they can be said to have technically existed in Assam even before the Ahoms.^{[citation needed]}

The Bengali-speakingMiya people are descended of Muslim from the modern-dayBangladeshi and Assamese Muslim descendent at divisions ofMymensingh,Rangpur andRajshahi. They are concentrated in the central and lower Assam districts such asDhubri,Morigaon,Goalpara,Kamrup,Darrang,Nagaon,Bongaigaon,Barpeta,South Salmara district,Nalbari,Chirang andBodoland region. Their population is around 10.49 million, comprising about 30% of the state population, out of 40% of the Assam's total Muslim population as of 2021 year estimation report.^{[53][54][47][55]}

The third group are the descendants of Muslim migrants fromHindi belt various parts of North-West- Central-Southe India, who speakHindustani. Their population is about 1.25 lakhs in Assam, comprising 0.4% of state population as of 2011. They are mainly found inBrahmaputra Valley.^[56]

Source: (Census of India) 1901-2011^[57][58]

• Variation for two decades (1971–1991). In 1981, census was not conducted in Assam due to disturbed conditions resulting from insurgency. Muslims in Assam have recorded the most dramatic decline in fertility since NFHS-3, which was conducted 14 years earlier. The number of children who would be born per woman — or the total fertility rate (TFR) — of the Muslim community in Assam is at 2.4 which is higher than the 1.6 for Hindus as of 2019-20 research by the fifthNational Family Health Survey. The reduction in fertility among Muslims has been from 3.6 in 2005–06 to 2.4 in 2019–20, a drop of 1.3 compared to 0.4 among Hindus in the same period, although from a lower base.^[59] Muslim percentage have increased from 9.22% in 1901 to 34.22% in 2011 (which is a sharp rise of 21.82% for past 120 years). In 2021, some estimates have placed Assam's Muslim population at about 14 million, out of 35 million total population, thus making up 40% of the state population.^{[60][61][62][63]}

Below is a breakdown of theMuslim population by district in the Indian state ofAssam according to the 2011Census of India:^[64] Muslims are majority in eleven districts out of thirty-three in Assam. Muslims are majority inDhubri,Bongaigaon,Goalpara,Barpeta,Morigaon,South Salmara district,Hojai,Nagaon,Darrang,Karimganj andHailakandi. Highest concentration inCachar,Nalbari,Kamrup,Kokrajhar andChirang.

Assamese Muslim community is composed of two main groups:

• Muslim-Axamia:

The Muslim-Axamia community represents a significant indigenous Muslim population in Assam. Known by various names such asGoriya People [as], Tholua, or Khilonjia, they have been an integral part ofAssam's cultural landscape for centuries. Their distinct identity adds to the intricate tapestry of Assamese culture.^[67]

The lineage ofDeshi's (Desi Community), believed to be among the first batch of people inAssam to have embracedIslam, is traced back toAli Mech, aKoch-Rajbongshi.^[68]

• Juluha Muslims:

The Julhas (also called Jolha or Jolaha) are a small Assamese Muslim community found in some parts ofUpper Assam. The Julhas were originally from undividedBihar,Odisha, andWest Bengal and are believed to be converts fromAdivasis. There were two phases of migration of the community to Assam. First, during the time of theAhom kings, who brought them to work as weavers; and the other towards the end of the 19th century, when a large number of Julhas were brought byBritish tea planters to work in thetea gardens.^{[full citation needed][69]}

In the 1891 Census Report, Julhas were described as Muslim weavers. According to the Report, there were 2180 Julhas in Assam, of which 624 were in Cachar, 558 in Sylhet, and 252 in Sivasagar. The descendants of these migrants now form the Julha community and can be found in certain localities of Eastern Assam. For example, the Julha community formed during the Ahom rule can be seen in Moran, Nazira, and Dimow areas of Sivasagar. Those brought by the British have a small concentration in Balibat, near Dergaon (Jorhat district), and Misamura in Golaghat District. In Assam, they are listed as More Other Backward Classes (MOBC) and part of thetea-garden community. Most of the customs of the Julhas are similar to the Tea Tribe community of Assam. Jhumur, the traditional dance of the Tea Tribe Community, is also popular among the Julhas. The dialect they speak too is similar to the one used by the Tea Tribe Community.^[70][67]

On 5 June 2022, by cabinet decision of theAssam Government,^[71][72] five groups of indigenous Assamese Muslims were recognised, namely Goria, Moria, Deshi, Jalah (Juluha) and Syed.^{[73][74][75][76]} On 3 October 2023, theAssam Government announced its intention to conduct a survey aimed at assessing the socio-economic status of indigenous Muslims in Assam. Some observers considered this an attempt to differentiate between the Bengali-speaking'Miya' Muslims and the state's native Muslim population.^[77] TheAIUDF Party spokesperson accused theBJP of employing a 'divide and rule' strategy inAssam, emphasising their alleged focus on creating divisions within theMuslim population by exploiting differences between indigenous and non-indigenous groups for political gains.^[77] The exact population or proportion of indigenous Assamese Muslims within the overall Muslim population of Assam is currently not conclusively known, as official census data has historically not distinguished between different Muslim groups based on indigenous status.^{[dubious –discuss]} On 5 June 2025,Assam Chief MinisterHimanta Biswa Sarma stated that acaste census would help identify and document Assam’s indigenous Muslim communities. He said the exercise would be incorporated into the2027 census of India.^[78]

Bengali-speaking Muslims, also known asMiya people, who initially migrated fromNortheast and East Bengal during theBritish Raj, hold significant numerical influence, determining the outcomes of approximately 30 assembly seats out ofAssam's 126 constituencies.^[77] They in Assam have faced repeated and increased attacks.^[79] In 1983, around 3000 Bengali Muslims were killed in theNellie massacre, (unofficial figures run at more than 10,000).^[80][81]

During the2012 Assam violence there was communal riot betweenBengali-origin Muslims and the indigenous Bodo people.^[82] Almost 80 people were killed, most of whom were Bengali Muslims and some Bodos. Nearly, 400,000 people were displaced to migrant camps, most being Muslims.^[83] Indiannationalist politicians have accused Bangladesh of trying to expand its territory by ostensibly promoting illegal immigration. However, Indian government census reports note a decline in immigration from Bangladesh between 1971 and 2011.^[84][85]

InBaksa, from the night of 1 May 2014 until the early morning hours of 3 May a series of attacks occurred onBengali Muslims inAssam. The perpetrator is unknown, but is suspected to be theNational Democratic Front of Bodoland'sSongbijit faction.^[86] Speculated to be revenge for not voting for the National Democratic Front in theLok Sabha elections,^[87] the death toll reached 32, mostly Muslims.^[88]

On 7 June 2019, 82 families comprising more than 1,000 people — all Muslims — were evicted from the Rajanikhal forest village under the Haiwaithang range.^[89] On 10 June 2021, nearly 100 families of about 500 Bengali-speaking Muslims were rendered homeless through land eviction, leaving them with no option but to take shelter near a road. A similar drive was also carried out on 17 May at Jamugurihat in North Assam'sSonitpur district which have evicted 25 Muslim families, all belonging to the Bengali speaking groups. The district administration officials said they had illegally occupied government land and did not vacate it despite several warnings in the past.^[90][91]

Many Bengali-speaking Muslims in Assam claim theNRC directly declared them underD voter category. Citing the statistics, the letter alleged that the numbers suggest there was pressure from State authorities to declare more persons as foreigners as far as possible. Between 1985 and 2016, out of 468,934 referrals, 80,194 Bengali speaking Muslims were declared as foreigners. In 2017, 13,434 persons from the same community were declared foreigners.^[92][93] Assam lastNRC which was conducted on 2019 year, have found that 1.9 million people names were out of the list, of which nearly around 5 lakhs Bengali speaking Muslims names were excluded.^[94]

On 21 September 2021, the government of Assam evicted around 5,000 Bengali-speaking Muslims in Darrang district and the claimed reason for their eviction was that they had allegedly illegally encroached upon government lands. It has been also reported that two mosques and a Madrassa were also demolished during the drive, however, no evidence had been shown for the allegations.^[95] As per as media report, two Muslims (including a kid) were shot to death by the police firing.^[96]

On first week of January 2023, Eviction Drive were again carried out by Assam government inLakhimpur district, where around 300 Bengali Muslim Families homes and occupation were destroyed permanently, thus making them homeless and jobless.^[97][98]

In August 2024, after a rape case in Dihing by where convicts were fromMiya Community, various organisations, including the All Tai Ahom Students Union (ATASU), Asomiya Yuva Manch, Bir Lachit Sena, Garia Maria Desi Jatiya Parishad (representingIndigenous Assamese Muslims), and others, issued an ultimatum for the"Miya" people to leaveUpper Assam. Assam CMHimanta Biswa Sarma sparked controversy by stating in the Assembly that he wouldn't be able to maintain law and order if people fromLower Assam moved toUpper Assam against the wishes of the indigenous population, highlighting ethnic tensions rather than religious ones.^[99] On 3 September 2024, approximately 28 Miya Muslims were placed in a detention camp in Assam.^[100]

In July 2025, approximately 1,400 Bengali Muslims were forcibly evicted in Dhubai.^[101]

Census of India between (2001-2011) have shown that Bengali Muslim population grows 15-17% in Assam specially in the bordering districts over the past decade.^[102] In February 2020, the Assam Minority Development Board announced plans to segregate illegal Bengali Muslim immigrants from the indigenous Muslims of the state, though some have expressed problems in identifying an indigenous Muslim person. According to the board, there are 1.4crore (14 million) Muslims in the state, of which 10 million are of Bengali origin, and rest are Indian origin indigenous Assamese.^{[103][104][105]} Allegedly that the number of 'illegal Bangladeshis' in Assam of all religions is about 1 crore (10 million) and are scattered across the length and breadth of the state.^[106][107] A report reveals that out of total 33 districts in Assam, Bangladeshis dominate almost 15 districts of Assam.^{[108][109][110]} Several people reveal thatBangladeshi roumers made them specially Muslims victimised of "D" voters. This is even more problematic when names have been left out even after included on draft NRC by providing proper legacy papers.^[111]

• Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, first MuslimPresident of India from Assam
• Hafiz Ahmed writer
• Mofida Ahmed, Assam's first women MP (elected FromJorhat (Lok Sabha constituency), 1957)
• Badruddin Ajmal,MP fromDhubri Lok Sabha constituency,CEO ofAjmal Foundation; founder of theAssam United Democratic Front (AUDF)
• Ayesha Hazarika, journalist
• Bagh Hazarika, Assamese Muslim warrior served inAhom Kingdom
• Elvis Ali Hazarika, swimmer
• Mafizuddin Ahmed Hazarika, writer
• Adil Hussain, actor
• Rakibul Hussain,Deputy Leader of the Opposition Assam Legislative Assembly
• Wasbir Hussain, journalist
• Baharul Islam, Justice of the Supreme Court of India
• Syed Abdul Malik, writer
• Abdul Matlib Mazumdar, Indianfreedom fighter andpolitical leader based inundivided Assam State. Anopponent of the partition of India
• Ali Mech, considered the first Muslim convert of Assam
• Abu Nechim, the first MuslimIPL cricketer from Assam
• Muhammed Saadulah, firstPrime Minister of Assam, the only Assamese Muslim member of thedrafting committee of the constituent assembly of India
• Imran Shah, writer
• Parween Sultana,Padma Bhushan vocalist
• Anwara Taimur, the only womanchief minister of Assam (She was the first Muslim woman Chief Minister of any state in India).
• Zerifa Wahid, actress

• Islam in West Bengal
• Christianity in Assam
• Hinduism in Assam

Wikimedia Commons has media related toIslam in Assam.

• Islam in Assam
• Islam in India
• Religion in Assam

• CS1 Turkish-language sources (tr)
• Articles with short description
• Short description matches Wikidata
• Use Indian English from February 2025
• All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English
• Use dmy dates from February 2025
• Articles containing suspected AI-generated texts from February 2026
• Articles needing additional references from April 2025
• All articles needing additional references
• All articles with unsourced statements
• Articles with unsourced statements from May 2018
• Articles with unsourced statements from September 2024
• All articles with incomplete citations
• Articles with incomplete citations from July 2025
• All accuracy disputes
• Articles with disputed statements from January 2026
• Commons category link from Wikidata