Ankistrodesmus is agenus ofgreen algae in the familySelenastraceae.[1] It is one of the most common types ofphytoplankton in freshwater habitats around the world.[3] The nameAnkistrodesmus comes from the Greek rootsankistron, meaning "cross", anddesmos, meaning "bond".[4]
| Ankistrodesmus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Ankistrodesmus falcatus | |
Scientific classification | |
| Clade: | Viridiplantae |
| Division: | Chlorophyta |
| Class: | Chlorophyceae |
| Order: | Sphaeropleales |
| Family: | Selenastraceae |
| Genus: | Ankistrodesmus Corda |
| Type species | |
| Ankistrodesmus fusiformis Corda[2] | |
| Species[1] | |
See text | |
Description
editAnkistrodesmus forms colonies of cells, usually found as loose bundles or tufts of cells. Sometimes the cells may twist around each other in the colony. Cells are many times longer than wide, and are variously needle-shaped, sickle-shaped, or sigmoid in outline. They contain a singlechloroplast; the chloroplast usually contains a singlepyrenoid, but may contain none or several pyrenoids.[3]
Life cycle
editReproduction occursasexually; sexual reproduction is unknown inAnkistrodesmus. It exclusively formsautospores, and does not appear to have a flagellated stage in its life cycle.[2]
Some strains ofAnkistrodesmus have been observed to undergoprogrammed cell death. The evolutionary role of this process is unknown.[5]
Identification
editAnkistrodesmus is chiefly distinguished from the similar genusMonoraphidium in its habit:Ankistrodesmus forms colonies, whileMonoraphidium is found as single cells.[6] Meanwhile,Selenastrum differs in having more strongly curved cells.[2] The distinctions between the genera are artificial, since they do not correspond with monophyletic groupings;[7] occasionally,Ankistrodesmus is found as single cells.[6] Other similar genera includeKeratococcus andElakatothrix.[3]
Identification of species chiefly depends on details of the size and shape of cells.[2] However, amolecular phylogenetic study has shown evidence of considerablecryptic diversity.[8]
Uses
editSome strains ofAnkistrodesmus are promising candidates forbiodiesel production, or for producingfatty acids on a commercial scale.[9]
Species
edit- A. acerosus
- A. acutissimus
- A. amalloides
- A. antarcticus
- A. arcticus
- A. bernardensis
- A. bernardii
- A. caribeum
- A. chlorogonioides
- A. cucumiformis
- A. densus
- A. dulcia
- A. dybowskii
- A. ecsediensis
- A. extensus
- A. falcatus
- A. falciformia
- A. fasciculatus
- A. flexuosus
- A. fractus
- A. fusiformis
- A. gracilis
- A. hindakii
- A. komarekii
- A. lacuster
- A. marinus
- A. minutus
- A. nannoselene
- A. nivalis
- A. pehrii
- A. polymorphus
- A. pseudosabulosum
- A. pyrenogerum
- A. quaternus
- A. rhaphidioides
- A. selenastrum
- A. septatus
- A. sigmoideus
- A. spiralis
- A. spirochromus
- A. stipitatus
- A. tjibodensis
- A. tortus
- A. turneri
- A. viretii
References
edit- ^abGuiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M. (2018)."WoRMS taxon details". Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2018). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (taxonomic information republished from AlgaeBase with permission of M.D. Guiry). Retrieved2018-11-23.
- ^abcdGuiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M."Ankistrodesmus".AlgaeBase.University of Galway. Retrieved2023-06-01.
- ^abcBicudo, Carlos E. M.; Menezes, Mariângela (2006).Gêneros de Algas de Águas Continentais do Brasil: chave para identificação e descrições (2 ed.). RiMa Editora. p. 508.ISBN 857656064X.
- ^Shayler, Hannah; Siver, Peter A. (2004)."Ankistrodesmus".Carolina Lucid Key to Freshwater Algae. Connecticut College. Retrieved2024-11-28.
- ^Barreto Filho, Marcelo M.; Vieira, Helena H.; Morris, J. Jeffrey; Bagatini, Inessa L. (2022)."Species-specific effects and the ecological role of programmed cell death in the microalgae Ankistrodesmus (Sphaeropleales, Selenastraceae)".Biology Letters.18 (10).doi:10.1098/rsbl.2022.0259.PMC 9579752.PMID 36259168.
- ^abMatthews, Robin A. (2016)."Freshwater Algae in Northwest Washington, Volume II, Chlorophyta and Rhodophyta".A Collection of Open Access Books and Monographs. Western Washington University.doi:10.25710/fctx-n773.
- ^Krienitz, Lothar; Ustinova, Iana; Friedl, Thomas; Huss, Volker A. R. (2001)."Traditional generic concepts versus 18S rRNA gene phylogeny in the green algal family Selenastraceae (Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta)".Journal of Phycology.37 (5):852–865.Bibcode:2001JPcgy..37..852K.doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2001.01004.x.S2CID 84625065.
- ^Fawley, Marvin W.; Dean, Michelle L.; Dimmer, Stephanie K.; Fawley, Karen P. (2006). "Evaluating the Morphospecies Concept in the Selenastraceae (Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta)".Journal of Phycology.42:142–154.Bibcode:2006JPcgy..42..142F.doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2006.00169.x.S2CID 53318143.
- ^Yee, Willy (2016). "Microalgae from the Selenastraceae as emerging candidates for biodiesel production: A mini review".World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.32 (4): 64.doi:10.1007/s11274-016-2023-6.PMID 26931604.S2CID 255143072.