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Anemonoides nemorosa

(Redirected fromAnemone nemorosa)

Anemonoides nemorosa (syn.Anemone nemorosa), thewood anemone, is an early-springflowering plant in thebuttercup familyRanunculaceae, native toEurope.[1] Other common names includewindflower,European thimbleweed,[2] andsmell fox, an allusion to the musky smell of the leaves.[3] It is aperennialherbaceous plant growing 5–15 cm (2–6 in) tall.

Anemonoides nemorosa
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Kingdom:Plantae
Clade:Tracheophytes
Clade:Angiosperms
Clade:Eudicots
Order:Ranunculales
Family:Ranunculaceae
Genus:Anemonoides
Species:
A. nemorosa
Binomial name
Anemonoides nemorosa
(L.) Holub
Synonyms[1]
  • Anemanthus nemorosus(L.) Fourr.
  • Anemonanthea nemorosa(L.) Gray
  • Anemone nemorosaL.
  • Anemone nemorosaf. vulgarisUlbr.
  • Anemone nemorosa-albaCrantz
  • Anemone pentaphyllaHook. ex Pritz.
  • Pulsatilla nemorosa (L.) Schrank

Description

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Typical flower

Anemonoides nemorosa is arhizomatousherbaceous perennial plant less than 30 centimetres (12 in) in height. The compound basal leaves are palmate or ternate (divided into three lobes).[4]: 106  They grow from underground root-like stems calledrhizomes and die back down by mid summer (summer dormant).

The plants start blooming in spring, March to May in theBritish Isles[5]: 28  soon after the foliage emerges from the ground. Theflowers are solitary, held above the foliage on short stems, with a whorl of three palmate or palmately-lobed leaflike bracts beneath. The flowers are 2 centimetres (0.8 in) diameter, with six or seven (and on rare occasions eight to ten)tepals (petal-like segments) with manystamens. In the wild the flowers are usually white but may be pinkish, lilac or blue, and often have a darker tint on the backs of the tepals.

Similar species

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Theyellow wood anemone (Anemonoides ranunculoides) is slightly smaller, with yellow flowers and usually without basal leaves.[4]

Wood sorrelOxalis acetosella, which grows in similar shaded places, can be readily distinguished by its 3-parted, clover-like leaves and smaller flowers with only white petals and 5 sepals.[5][6]

Distribution and habitat

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EightA. nemorosas in the coat of arms ofRaseborg

The native range ofAnemonoides nemorosa extends acrossEurope to westernAsia, reaching as far south as theCaucasus Mountains inTurkey. It has been introduced intoNew Zealand and elsewhere.[1] InNorth America, there are naturalized populations at well-known sites inNewfoundland,Quebec, andMassachusetts.[7][8]

A. nemorosa is often found in shady woods.[6] The species is common in theBritish Isles[5] but it spreads very slowly there, by as little as six feet per century, so it is often used as an indicator for ancient woodland.[9]

Ecology

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Pollination

The flowers arepollinated by insects, especiallyhoverflies.[10] The seeds are achenes.[4]

In cultivation

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Manycultivars have been selected for garden use, TheRHS Plant Finder 2008–2009 lists 70 cultivars sold by nurseries in the UK. Some of the most widely available are:

 
Anemonoides ×lipsiensis, center, with its parents,A. nemorosa, left, andA.ranunculoides, right
  • 'Alba Plena' - double white
  • 'Allenii'agm[11] - large lavender-blue flowers, often with seven petals (named afterJames Allen, nurseryman)
  • 'Bowles' Purple' - purple flowers (named afterE.A. Bowles, plantsman and garden writer)
  • 'Bracteata Pleniflora' - double, white flowers, with green streaks and a frilly ruff ofbracts
  • 'Robinsoniana'agm[12] - pale lavender-blue flowers (named afterWilliam Robinson, plantsman and garden writer)
  • 'Royal Blue' - deep blue flowers with purple backs
  • 'Vestal'agm[13] - white, anemone-centred flowers
  • 'Virescens'agm[14] - flowers mutated into small conical clusters of leaves

Those markedagm are recipients of theRoyal Horticultural Society'sAward of Garden Merit.

Anemonoides ×lipsiensis, a hybrid betweenA. nemorosa andA. ranunculoides,[15] has pale yellow flowers;A. ×lipsiensis 'Pallida' is the best-known result of this cross. It has also been awarded the AGM.[16]

Gallery

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  • Anemonoides nemorosa in Flemingsbergsskogens naturreservat, Sweden
  • Form inChemnitz, Germany
  • Colonial growth in forest,Radziejowice, Poland
  • Double-flowered cultivar inLincolnshire, England
  • Pink-flowered plant inHohenlohe, Germany
  • Flowers with six, seven, eight and nine tepals
  • A flowering wood anemone.
  • Half-opened fragile flower bud of a Anemonoides nemorosa.

References

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  1. ^abc"Anemonoides nemorosa (L.) Holub".Plants of the World Online.Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved21 July 2020.
  2. ^"Anemone nemorosa Wood Anemone, European thimbleweed PFAF Plant Database".Plants for a Future. Retrieved2022-02-01.
  3. ^"Wood anemone".UPM Forest Life. 2019-05-13. Retrieved2022-02-01.
  4. ^abcStace, C. A. (2010).New Flora of the British Isles (Third ed.). Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. p. 88.ISBN 978-0-521-70772-5.
  5. ^abcClapham AR, Tutin TG, Warburg EF (1981).Excursion Flora of the British Isles (3 ed.). Cambridge University Press.ISBN 0-521-23290-2.
  6. ^abParnell, J. and Curtis, T. 2012.Webb's An Irish Flora. Cork University Press.ISBN 978-185918-4783
  7. ^Dutton, Bryan E.; Keener, Carl S.; Ford, Bruce A. (1997)."Anemone". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.).Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 3. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved2020-11-28 – via eFloras.org,Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO &Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  8. ^" Anemone nemorosa".County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014. Retrieved28 November 2020.
  9. ^"Plantlife - Wood Anemone". Archived fromthe original on 2021-03-08. Retrieved2018-10-17.
  10. ^Blank, S. and M. Wulf.on seed production and pollinator biology ofAnemone nemorosa (Buschwindröschen).Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF). 2008.
  11. ^"Anemone nemorosa 'Allenii'". RHS. Retrieved12 April 2020.
  12. ^"Anemone nemorosa 'Robinsoniana'". RHS. Retrieved12 April 2020.
  13. ^"Anemone nemorosa 'Vestal'". RHS. Retrieved12 April 2020.
  14. ^"Anemone nemorosa 'Virescens'". RHS. Retrieved12 April 2020.
  15. ^Astuti, Giovanni; Marconi, Giancarlo; Pupillo, Paolo; Peruzzi, Lorenzo (17 May 2019)."Anemonoides ×lipsiensis comb. nov. (Ranunculaceae), new for the Italian flora".Italian Botanist.7:101–105.doi:10.3897/italianbotanist.7.35004. Retrieved21 July 2020.
  16. ^"Anemone ×lipsiensis 'Pallida'". RHS. Retrieved12 April 2020.

Further reading

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