Altyn (Russianалты́н, alsoалты́нник,altynnik) is a historical Russian currency (symbol:
). The name inTatar isaltın (алтын) meaning "gold",[1] andaltı (алты) meaning "six", since it was worth 6dengi, equivalent to threekopeck silver, then copper, a small value coin,[2][3] or 180–206 copperpuls.[4]
History
editFrom the 14th century, the altyn had been in use in several Russian principalities as aEurasian currency between Russian and Asian traders.[5] Treaties between the principalities ofMoscow,Ryazan andTver show that the rate remained the same.[6] One altyn was equal to sixdengi, while oneruble was equal to 200 (in Moscow) or 220 (in Pskov)dengi.[6] In theSudebnik of 1497, one ruble was equal to 200dengi, while one altyn was equal to sixdengi.[7]
They were minted from 1654 underAlexis I, and underPeter I as silver coins from 1704 to 1718. Peter began minting silver ruble coins in 1704 and made the ruble the firstdecimal currency; the altyn was equal to threekopecks.[8] Later, they were revived underNicholas I as copper coins with a value of three kopecks from 1839. While the namealtyn eventually got lost, three-kopeck coins circulated in Russia until 1991.[9]
In the 2010s, theEurasian Economic Commission drafted first proposals to revive the altyn once again by 2025 as a common currency of theEurasian Economic Union, althoughinternational sanctions against Russia reportedly encouraged the bloc to expedite the process by 3-5 years.[9] However, as of 2023, the currency had still not been re-introduced.
References
edit- ^Этимологический словарь русского языка. — М.: Прогресс. М. Р. Фасмер. 1964—1973.
- ^Спасский, И. Г. Алтын в русской денежной системе. / В кн.: Краткие сообщения Института истории материальной культуры АН СССР, вып. 66. — 1956.
- ^Спасский, И. Г. Русская монетная система. — Л.: Аврора, 1970. — с. 105.
- ^Eric R. Schena, “The Influence of Islamic Coins on the Russian Monetary System: An Introduction”, As-Sikka: The Online Journal of The Islamic Coins Group, 1, no. 2 (1999-2000)[permanent dead link], August 2004
- ^Feldbrugge 2017, p. 1015.
- ^abFeldbrugge 2017, p. 461.
- ^Feldbrugge 2017, pp. 985, 1015.
- ^Snodgrass 2019, p. 239.
- ^abSudakov, Dmitry (2014-04-10)."Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus to have new joint currency".Pravda.ru. Retrieved2015-01-06.
Sources
edit- Feldbrugge, Ferdinand J. M. (2 October 2017).A History of Russian Law: From Ancient Times to the Council Code (Ulozhenie) of Tsar Aleksei Mikhailovich of 1649. BRILL.ISBN 978-90-04-35214-8.
- Snodgrass, Mary Ellen (25 July 2019).Coins and Currency: An Historical Encyclopedia, 2d ed. McFarland.ISBN 978-1-4766-3665-8.
- Uzdennikov V., Монеты России (1700—1917) [Coins of Russia (1700–1917)]: Издание третье. — М.: Collector’s Books; IP Media Inc., 2004.
External links
edit
Media related toAltyn sign at Wikimedia Commons
