Allocasuarina luehmannii, commonly known asbuloke orbull-oak,^[3] is a species of flowering plant in the familyCasuarinaceae and is endemic to south-eastern continental Australia. It is adioecious tree, that has its leaves reduced to scales in whorls of ten to fourteen, and the mature fruiting cones are 5–12 mm (0.2–0.5 in) long containing winged seeds (samaras) 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) long.

Allocasuarina luehmannii
Conservation status
Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Fagales
Family:	Casuarinaceae
Genus:	Allocasuarina
Species:	A. luehmannii
Binomial name
Allocasuarina luehmannii
Occurrence data fromAVH
Synonyms[2]
Allocasuarina luehmanniiL.A.S.Johnson nom. inval. Casuarina luehmanniR.T.Bakerorth. var. Casuarina luehmanniiR.T.Baker

Allocasuarina luehmannii is a dioecious tree that typically grows to a height of 5–15 m (16–49 ft) and has furrowed bark. Its branchlets are more or less erect, up to 400 mm (16 in) long, the leaves reduced to scale-like teeth 0.5–1 mm (0.02–0.04 in) long, arranged in whorls of ten to fourteen around the branchlets. The sections of branchlet between the leaf whorls (the"articles") are 8–22 mm (0.3–0.9 in) long, 1–2 mm (0.04–0.08 in) wide and often waxy. Male flowers are arranged in spikes 50–105 mm (2–4 in) long, in whorls of five to eight per cm (per 0.4 in), theanthers 1.0–1.3 mm (0.04–0.05 in) long. Female cones aresessile or on apeduncle up to 5 mm (0.2 in) long, the mature cones shortly cylindrical, 5–12 mm (0.2–0.5 in) long and 8–14 mm (0.3–0.6 in) in diameter containing reddish-brown samaras 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) long.^[3][4][5][6]

Bull-oak was first formally described in 1900 byRichard Thomas Baker, who gave it the nameCasuarina luehmannii in theProceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales from specimens collected byRichard Hind Cambage.^[7][8] It was subsequently reclassified in theAllocasuarina genus asA.luehmannii byLawrence Alexander Sidney Johnson in 1985 in theJournal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens.^[9]

TheWiradjuri people of New South Wales use the nameNgany to refer to this species.^[10]

Allocasuarina luehmannii usually grows in scattered places in woodland fromMareeba and south through central Queensland, New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory to north-western Victoria and nearby areas of South Australia. It rarely occurs near the coast, except in theHunter Valley and nearRockhampton.^[4][5][6]

This tree is an important food resource for the endangered southeastern subspecies of thered-tailed black cockatoo in the Wimmera region of western Victoria, where some remnant stands are threatened by farming practices.^[11]

The wood of buloke is commonly used for knife handles, flooring, fine furniture and turned objects and is among the hardest woods in the world, with aJanka hardness of 16,740 N (3,760 lb_f).^[12]

TheWiradjuri people of NSW use the timber and resinous sap to make a range of tools and other implements, including weapons, such as boomerangs and clubs.^[10] Wiradjuri people also value the species due to its ability to attract many animals that are food sources, such as possums and birds.^[10]

TheShire of Buloke inVictoria, Australia is named after this tree species.^[13]