Alfred Hermann Fried (German pronunciation:[ˈʔalfʁeːtˈhɛʁmanˈfʁiːt]; 11 November 1864 – 4 May 1921) was an Austrian Jewishpacifist, publicist, journalist, co-founder of the German peace movement, and winner (withTobias Asser) of theNobel Peace Prize in 1911. Fried was also a supporter ofEsperanto. He is the author of an Esperanto textbook and an Esperanto-German and German-Esperanto dictionary, first published in 1903 and republished in 1905.[1]
Born in Vienna,Austrian Empire, Fried left school at the age of 15 and started to work in a bookshop. In 1883, he moved to Berlin, where he opened a bookshop of his own in 1887. Following the publication byBertha von Suttner ofDie Waffen nieder! (Lay Down Your Arms) in 1889, he and von Suttner began in 1892 to print a magazine of the same name. In articles published withinDie Waffen nieder! and its successor,Die Friedenswarte (The Peace Watch), he articulated his pacifist philosophy.
In 1892 he was a co-founder of the German Peace Society (Deutsche Friedensgesellschaft). He was one of the fathers of the idea of a modern organisation to assure worldwide peace (the principal idea was developed in theLeague of Nations and after the Second World War in theUN).
Fried was a prominent member of theEsperanto movement. In 1903 he published the bookLehrbuch der internationalen Hilfssprache Esperanto (Textbook of the International Auxiliary Language Esperanto).[1]
During World War I, Fried moved to neutral Switzerland, and continued to advocateinternational peace. He died in his hometown, Vienna, in 1921.[3] His ashes are buried atFeuerhalle Simmering.[4]
The German Emperor and the Peace of the World, with a Preface byNorman Angell. London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1912.
Die Grundlagen des revolutionären Pacifismus. Tübingen, Mohr, 1908. Translated into French by Jean Lagorgette as Les Bases du pacifisme: Le Pacifisme réformiste et le pacifisme «révolutionnaire». Paris, Pedone, 1909.
Handbuch der Friedensbewegung. (Handbook of the Peace Movement) Wien, Oesterreichische Friedensgesellschaft, 1905. 2nd ed., Leipzig, Verlag der «Friedens-Warte», 1911.
«Intellectual Starvation in Germany and Austria», in Nation, 110 (March 20, 1920) 367–368.
International Cooperation. Newcastle upon Tyne, Richardson [1918].
Das internationale Leben der Gegenwart. Leipzig, Teubner, 1908.
«The League of Nations: An Ethical Institution», in Living Age, 306 (August 21, 1920) 440–443.
Mein Kriegstagebuch. (My War Journal) 4 Bde. Zürich, Rascher, 1918–1920.
Pan-Amerika. Zürich, Orell-Füssli, 1910.
The Restoration of Europe, transl. by Lewis Stiles Gannett. New York, Macmillan, 1916.
Der Weltprotest gegen den versailler Frieden. Leipzig, Verlag der Neue Geist, 1920.
Die zweite Haager Konferenz: Ihre Arbeiten, ihre Ergebnisse, und ihre Bedeutung. Leipzig, Nachfolger [1908].
Wörterbuch Esperanto-Deutsch und Deutsch-Esperanto
Lehrbuch der internationalen Hilfssprache “Esperanto” mit Wörterbuch in Esperanto-Deutsch und Deutsch-Esperanto, Berlin-Schönberg: Esperanto-Verlag, 1903 pr. Pass & Garleb, Berlin 18x12cm II, 120p.[1]
Roger Chickering:Imperial Germany and A World Without War : The Peace Movement and German Society, 1892–1914. Princeton University Press, Princeton 1975,ISBN0-691-10036-5.
Walter Göhring:Verdrängt und Vergessen – Friedensnobelpreisträger. Alfred Hermann Fried. Kremayr & Scheriau, Wien 2006,ISBN978-3-218-00768-9
Bernhard Kupfer:Lexikon der Nobelpreisträger. Patmos, Düsseldorf 2001,ISBN3-491-72451-1
Petra Schönemann-Behrens:„Organisiert die Welt“. Leben und Werk des Friedensnobelpreisträgers Alfred Hermann Fried (1864–1921). Dissertation, Universität Bremen 2004.
Bernhard Tuider:Alfred Hermann Fried. Pazifist im Ersten Weltkrieg – Illusion und Vision. VDM, Saarbrücken 2010,ISBN978-3-639-25061-9
