Al-Mutawakkil III (Arabic:المتوكل على الله الثالث;fl. 1508–1543) was the seventeenthAbbasid caliph ofCairo for theMamluk Sultanate from 1508 to 1516, and again in 1517.
| Al-Mutawakkil III | |
|---|---|
| 17thCaliph ofCairo | |
| 1st period | 1508–1516 |
| Predecessor | Al-Mustamsik |
| Successor | Al-Mustamsik |
| 2nd period | 22 January 1517 |
| Predecessor | al-Mustamsik |
| Successor | Selim I (Ottoman caliph) |
| Born | Unknown |
| Died | 1543 Constantinople,Ottoman Empire |
| Father | Al-Mustamsik |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
Life
editHe was the last caliph of the laterEgyptian-based Caliphate. Since theMongol sack of Baghdad and the execution of CaliphAl-Musta'sim in 1258, these Cairene Caliphs had resided in Cairo as nominal rulers used to legitimize the actual rule of theMamluk sultans.
Al-Mutawakkil III was deposed briefly in 1516 by his predecessorAl-Mustamsik, but was restored to the office the following year. In 1517,Ottoman SultanSelim I had managed todefeat the Mamluk Sultanate, and made Egypt part of the Ottoman Empire. Al-Mutawakkil III was captured together with his family and transported toConstantinople.
According to traditional history, at this time he formally surrendered the title of caliph as well as its outward emblems—thesword and mantle ofMuhammad—to Ottoman sultan Selim I.[1] This story does not appear in the literature until the 1780s and was advanced to bolster the claims of caliphal jurisdiction over Muslims outside of the empire, as asserted in the 1774Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca.[2]
References
edit- ^Drews, Robert (August 2011)."Chapter Thirty – The Ottoman Empire, Judaism, and Eastern Europe to 1648"(PDF).Coursebook: Judaism, Christianity and Islam, to the Beginnings of Modern Civilization. Vanderbilt University.
- ^Lewis, Bernard (1961).The Emergence of Modern Turkey. Oxford University Press. p. 324.
Bibliography
edit- "Biography of Al-Mutawakkil III" (in Arabic). Islampedia.com. Archived fromthe original on 2008-06-11.
- Garcin, Jean-Claude (1967)."Histoire, opposition, politique et piétisme traditionaliste dans le Ḥusn al Muḥādarat de Suyûti" [History, opposition, politics and traditionalistic pietism in Suyuti's Ḥusn al Muḥādarat](PDF).Annales Islamologiques (in French).7.Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale:33–90.doi:10.3406/anisl.1967.909.S2CID 259055409. Archived fromthe original(PDF, 14.62 MB) on 2011-07-24. Retrieved2010-07-22.
- Holt, P. M. (1984). "Some Observations on the 'Abbāsid Caliphate of Cairo".Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies.47 (3). University of London:501–507.doi:10.1017/s0041977x00113710.JSTOR 618882.S2CID 161092185.
Al-Mutawakkil III Born: ? Died: 1543 | ||
| Sunni Islam titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Caliph of Cairo 1508–1516 | Succeeded by |
| Caliph of Cairo 1517 | Vacant Caliphate surrendered toSelim I | |
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