ས་ཕོ་བྱི་བ་ལོ་ (male Earth-Rat) −205 or −586 or −1358 — to — ས་མོ་གླང་ལོ་ (female Earth-Ox) −204 or −585 or −1357
Year332 BCE was a year of thepre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as theYear of the Consulship of Calvinus and Arvina (or, less frequently,year 422Ab urbe condita). The denomination 332 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when theAnno Dominicalendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
ThePersian KingDarius III twice sends on horseback to Alexander letters offriendship. The second time he offers a large ransom for his family, the ceding of all of the Persian Empire west of theEuphrates River, and the hand of his daughter in return for an alliance. Alexander rejects both letters and marches intoMesopotamia.
At the acropolis inSusa, an unidentified woman is buried in a bronze sarcophagus, wearing "a mass of finely-wrought and artistic gems and jewels"[1] and two coins, one dating from 350 BC and the other from 332 BC. The tomb will remain unopened for more than 22 centuries, until French archaeologistJacques de Morgan unearths it onFebruary 10, 1901.
Alexander the Great occupiesDamascus and, after a siege lasting seven months, destroysTyre during which there is great carnage and the sale of the women and children into slavery.[2]
LeavingParmenion inSyria, Alexander advances south without opposition until he reachesGaza where bitter resistance halts him for two months, and he sustains a serious shoulder wound during a sortie.
Alexander conquersEgypt from thePersians. The Egyptians welcome him as their deliverer, and the Persiansatrap Mazaces wisely surrenders. Alexander's conquest of Egypt completes his control of the whole easternMediterranean coast.
November 14 – Alexander is crowned as pharaoh of Upper and Lower Egypt – god and king all at once – son ofRa andOsiris,Horus the "Golden One" and beloved ofAmun.
Alexander spends the winter organizing the administration of Egypt. He employs Egyptian governors, while keeping the army under a separate Macedonian command.
Alexander founds the city ofAlexandria near the western arm of theNile on a site between the sea andLake Mareotis, protected by the island ofPharos, and has the city laid out by theRhodian architectDeinocrates.
