This is a list ofaviation-related events from 1984.
Years in aviation: | 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 |
Centuries: | 19th century · 20th century · 21st century |
Decades: | 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s |
Years: | 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 |
Events
edit- Cirrus Aircraft founded
January
edit- Frontier Horizon, alow-cost subsidiary ofFrontier Airlines operatingBoeing 727-100s, begins flight operations.
- January 10 – ABalkan Bulgarian AirlinesTupolev Tu-134 strikes a power line andcrashes on approach toSofia Airport inSofia,Bulgaria, in heavy snow, killing all 50 people on board.
- January 24 – AUnited States Air ForceF-15A Eagle performs the first of five test launches of theASM-135anti-satellite missile. In this first launch, the missile does not carry its third stage, the Miniature Homing Vehicle (MHV) interceptor.[1]
February
edit- February 1
- In theIran–Iraq War,Iraq threatens air and missile attacks against Iranian cities, includingAbadan,Ahwaz,Dezful,Ilam, andKermanshah, and warns their residents to evacuate.[2]
- Iraqi Air Force aircraft attack aconvoy of fourCypriotcargo ships –Breeze,Neptune,Skaros, andCity of Rio – in thePersian Gulf near the Iranian port ofBandar-e Emam Khomeyni. Missile hits set fire toBreeze andSkaros, and they are lost, andNeptune also catches fire but is not seriously damaged.City of Rio strikes anaval mine and runs aground.[3]
- February 3 –Iran threatens air attacks againstBasra,Kanaqin, andMandali, Iraq.[2]
- February 16
- Iraqi Air Force aircraft raid the Iranian port ofBushehr, badly damaging theLiberiancargo shipAl Tariq with missile hits.[3]
- Iran launches a major helicopter- and waterborne assault against Iraqi forces in theHawizeh Marshes.[4]
- February 21 – 14 hours and 2 minutes after taking off fromNew York,Air France pilotPatrick Fourticq and his companion, race driverHenry Pescarolo, land theirPiper Malibu inParis, setting a world record for a trans-Atlantic flight by a single engined light aircraft.
- February 27 – Iraqi aircraft raid the Iranian oil terminal atKharg Island.[2]
- February 29
- Iraqi helicopters apparently join artillery in attacking Iranian forces in theGhuzail area withmustard gas.[5]
- American Airlines sets an industry record by ordering 67McDonnell Douglas MD-80airliners, with options to order 100 more in the future.
- Late February – Iraq threatens to attack any ship putting into the Iranian ports of Bushehr and Bandar-e Emam Khomeyni.[2]
March
edit- March 1 –Iraqi Air Force aircraft attack aconvoy of 15merchant ships in thePersian Gulf on a voyage between theIranian ports ofBushehr andBandar-e Emam Khomeyni. Missile hits sink theIndianbulk carrierApj Ankiba and set fire to theBritish 19,000-gross-ton bulk carrierCharming – which suffers a hit in hersuperstructure – and theTurkishcargo shipSema-G.Charming runs aground, andSema-G's crew abandons ship. Iraqi aircraft apparently have hit seven ships in the Persian Gulf since February 25.[2]
- March 22 – A fire breaks out aboardPacific Western Airlines Flight 501, aBoeing 737-235 with 119 people on board, during its takeoff roll atCalgary International Airport atCalgary,Alberta,Canada, after a faulty compressor disk breaks apart and pierces a fuel tank. Its pilot aborts the take off and all aboard evacuate the aircraft without fatalities, although 27 people are injured, five seriously. The airliner is badly damaged.
- March 27 – The Iraqi Air Force makes its first combat use of its newly acquiredDassault-Breguet Super Étendardstrike fighters, when a Super Étendard fires anExocetanti-ship missile at the 85,000-gross-tonGreekoil tankerFilikon L. – which the Super Étendard's pilot apparently assumes is carryingIranianoil but actually is carrying 80,000 tons ofKuwaiti oil – in thePersian Gulf south ofKharg Island. The missile strikes the ship but fails to detonate, and she suffers only minor damage.[2]
- March 28 – Iraq formally announces that it has used the Exocet missile for the first time in its attack onFilikon L. Iraq has about 200 Exocet missiles.[2]
- March 29 – The Iraqi Air Force conducts a missile strike against the 16,000-gross-tonGreek cargo shipIapetos at the head of thePersian Gulf. She catches fire and her crew abandons ship.[6]
April
edit- April 18 – An Iraqi Air Force missile strike slightly damages the empty 52,000-gross-tonPanamanianoil tankerRobert Star in thePersian Gulf while she is on her way to the Iranian oil terminal atKharg Island.[6]
- April 25 – The Iraqi Air Force conducts a missile attack against the 357,000-gross-tonSaudioil tankerSafina-al-Arab, carrying 340,000 tons of Iraniancrude oil in the Persian Gulf south of Kharg Island. A missile blows a large hole in the ship's side and ignites a fire which burns for two days and consumes 10,000 tons of oil. The ship is declared aconstructive total loss.[6]
- April 27 – An Iraqi Air Force missile attack slightly damages the 179,000-gross-tonLiberiancargo shipSea Eagle in the Persian Gulf near the Iranian port ofBandar-e Emam Khomeyni.[6]
- April 29 –Trans World Airlines starts services to ten new cities in one day, the largest single-day expansion in its history.
May
edit- Due to the expiration of a bilateral air traffic agreement betweenPeru and theUnited States inNovember 1983 and disagreements between the two countries over "fifth freedom rights" – which allow an airline to carry revenue traffic between foreign countries as a part of services connecting the airline's own country – commercial air traffic between the two countries is suspended. It will not resume untilmid-1985.
- May 7 – An Iraqi Air Force missile attack against the 118,000-gross-tonSaudioil tankerAl-Ahood, carrying 114,000 tons of Iraniancrude oil in thePersian Gulf nearKharg Island. The missile strikes the ship's accommodation area near herengine room and starts a fire that consumes 35,000 tons of oil and burns for five days, extensively damaging the ship. One of her crewmen is killed.[6]
- May 13
- An Iraqi Air Force missile attack causes slight damage to the 69,000-gross-ton Iranian oil tankerTabriz, carrying a full load of Iranian oil in the Persian Gulf south of Kharg Island.[6]
- TheIslamic Republic of Iran Air Force makes its first reported attack against commercial shipping. After an Iranian reconnaissance aircraft sights the 80,000-gross-ton Kuwaiti oil tankerUmm al-Casbah, carrying 77,000 tons of Kuwaiti crude oil, in the Persian Gulf south ofKuwait, anF-4 Phantom II fires two rockets at the ship, both of which strike her deck.[6]
- May 14
- Two Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force F-4 Phantom II fighter-bombers attack the empty Kuwaiti oil tankerBahrah, which is in the Persian Gulf on a voyage to Kuwait, firing five rockets at her. Three rockets hit, blowing a large hole inBahrah's side and starting a fire that burns for eight hours. Two crewmen are injured.Bahrah proceeds to Kuwait under her own power.[6]
- An Iraqi Air Force missile strike hits the empty 62,000-ton Panamanian oil tankerEsperanza II while she is in the Persian Gulf on a voyage to Kharg Island. A fire burns out her engine room and accommodation section.[7]
- May 16 – Two Iranian F-4 Phantom II fighter-bombers circle the 215,000-gross-ton Saudi oil tankerYanbu Pride, carrying 120,000 tons of Saudi crude oil in the Persian Gulf withinSaudi Arabia'sterritorial waters near the port ofJubail, to identify her, then fire five rockets at her. Two rockets strikeYanbu Pride, causing explosions and starting a fire in one of her holds that is quickly extinguished.[7]
- May 18 – An Iraqi Air Force missile attack sinks the 17,000-ton Panamanian bulk carrierFidelity in the Persian Gulf near the Iranian port of Bushehr.[7]
- May 19 – Iraq begins a five-day suspension of attacks on shipping in the Persian Gulf as part of an effort to negotiate a peace settlement with Iran. After the effort fails, Iraqi strikes resume on May 24.[8]
- May 24
- The Iraqi Air Force conducts a missile strike against the fully loaded, 140,000-ton Panamanian oil tankerArizona in the Persian Gulf south of Kharg Island, narrowly missing her.[7]
- Two Iranian F-4 Phantom II fighter-bombers fire rockets at the empty 29,000-gross-ton Liberian tankerChemical Venture in Saudi Arabia's territorial waters near the port of Jubail, striking hersuperstructure and starting a fire which burns out herpilothouse before it is extinguished. Ten ofChemical Venture's crewmen are injured.[7]
- May 25 – An Iraqi Air Force missile attack hits the 19,000-ton Liberian bulk carrierSavoy Dean in the Persian Gulf.[7]
June
edit- June 3
- TheIraqi Air Force attacks the empty 153,000-gross-tonTurkishoil tankerBuyuk Hun, bound for the Iranian oil terminal atKharg Island, in the Persian Gulf 50 nautical miles (93 kilometres) south of the island. The missile strikesBuyuk Hun in her accommodation section, killing three of her crewmen, and she has to be taken under tow by an Iraniantugboat. In response, theIslamic Republic of Iran Air Force begins patrols over the southern Persian Gulf, andSaudi Arabia announces the "Fahd Line," a line well beyond Sauditerritorial waters within whichF-15 Eagles of theRoyal Saudi Air Force, guided byUnited States Air ForceE-3A Senry Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) aircraft and refueled by U.S. Air ForceKC-10 Extender tankers, will intercept any aircraft threateningmerchant ships.[9]
- During anair show atGroßostheim,West Germany, aHawker Siddeley Harrier GR3 loses thrust at an altitude of 90 feet (27 meters) after launching vertically for a demonstration flight, crashes next to the runway, and bursts into flames about 100 feet (30 meters) away from the audience. Although the pilot ejects safely, the fallingejection seat kills a spectator.[10]
- June 5
- June 6 – Iraqi aircraft raidDezful,Masjid-e Suleiman, andNahavand, Iran.[11]
- June 10 – AnIslamic Republic of Iran Air ForceF-4 Phantom II attacks the empty 295,000-tonKuwaiti oil tankerKazimah in the Persian Gulf east ofQatar, dropping bombs which all miss. The F-4 follows up with a rocket attack which hitsKazimah but inflicts only slight damage and injures none of her crew.[7]
- June 16 –Frontier Airlines pilotEmily Warner and co-pilotBarbara Cook make history by directing the first all-female commercial airline crew, on a flight fromDenver,Colorado, toLexington,Kentucky.
- June 22
- Richard Branson'sVirgin Atlantic, begins services fromLondon,England, toNewark, usingBoeing 747s.[12]
- TheRutan Voyager makes its first flight.
- June 24 – The Iraqi Air Force attacks Kharg Island, damaging oil facilities atSea Island on the western side of the island. One missile strikes the 152,000-gross-tonGreek oil tankerAlexander the Great, which is fully loaded with Iranian oil, penetrating an oil tank but failing to explode.[11]
- June 27 – The Iraqi Air Force attacks the 260,000-gross-ton Kuwaiti oil tankerTiburon, carrying 250,000 tons of Iranian oil, in the Persian Gulf southeast of Kharg Island, hitting her in theengine room with a missile. A fire with 100-foot- (30-meter)-tall flames breaks out and spreads toTiburon's accommodation area and destroys the ship's entiresuperstructure andfunnel but does not burn any of her cargo. Eight crewmen die and three suffer serious injuries. The ship is towed toBahrain.[13]
July
edit- July 1 – AnIraqi Air Force missile attack damages the 6,200-gross-tonSouth Koreancargo shipWonju-Ho in thePersian Gulf while she is on a voyage to the Iranian port ofBandar-e Emam Khomeyni and seriously damages the 13,000-gross-tonGreek cargo shipAlexander-Dyo. Two crewmen die and four suffer injuries.[14]
- July 3 –Air Florida suspends all its flights after declaring bankruptcy.[15]
- July 5 –Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force jets hit theJapanese-ownedLiberian-registeredsupertankerPrimrose with two rockets in the Persian Gulf.Primrose suffers no important damage and continues her voyage at full speed.[14]
- July 10 – An Iranian reconnaissance aircraft sights theBritish oil tankerBritish Renown while she is ininternational waters in thePersian Gulf 70 nautical miles (130 kilometres) northwest ofBahrain on her way to pick upcrude oil from the Liberian tankerTiburon, which had been heavily damaged by an Iraqi missile on June 27, and apparently mistakes her for another ship. An Iranian F-4 Phantom II arrives and fires two rockets atBritish Renown, one of which bounces off her deck while the other hits her oil-loading equipment and starts a small fire which her crew soon puts out.[14]
- July 25
August
edit- August 5 –A Biman Bangladesh Airlines Fokker F27-600 (registered S2-ABJ) crashed into a marsh nearZia International Airport inDhaka. The aircraft was performing a scheduled domestic passenger flight betweenChittagong Patenga Airport,Chittagong and Zia International Airport, Dhaka. The crash was acontrolled flight into terrain caused by bad weather.[16] With a total death toll of 49 people, it is the deadliest aviation disaster to occur on Bangladeshi soil.[17]
- August 7 – AnIraqi Air Force missile attack slightly damages the fully loaded 123,000-gross-tonGreekoil tankerFriendship L. in thePersian Gulf 30 nautical miles (56 kilometres) south ofKharg Island. A missile pierces one ofFriendship L.'s oil tanks and starts a small fire which spreads to herengine room and accommodation area, but is quickly extinguished.[14]
- August 15 – AnIslamic Republic of Iran Air Force jet fires two rockets at the empty 89,000-gross-tonPakistani oil tanker while she is in the Persian Gulf on a voyage toSaudi Arabia. They both miss.[14]
- August 18 – An Iranian jet fires rockets at the 47,000-gross-tonPanamanian tankerEndeavor, fully loaded withKuwaiti oil, 100 nautical miles (190 kilometres) east ofBahrain. One rocket starts a small fire whichEndeavor's quickly extinguishes, and she proceeds toDubai.[14]
- August 24 – An Iraqi Air Force attack succeeds in hitting the 53,000-gross-tonCypriot oil tankerAmethyst, carrying 50,000 tons of Iraniancrude oil, in thePersian Gulf south of Kharg Island. One ofAmethyst's crewmen is killed. A fire spreads from the engine room to the accommodation area and some of the ship's oil tanks beforetugboats put it out.[14]
- August 27 – An Iranian jet hits the 21,000-gross-ton Panamanian tankerCleo-1 with a rocket in the Persian Gulf 70 nautical miles (130 kilometres) northeast ofQatar while she is on a voyage toSaudi Arabia's oil terminal atRas Tanura. The ship proceeds to Dubai.[18]
- August 30 – While taxiing out for takeoff atDouala International Airport outsideDouala,Cameroon,Cameroon Airlines Flight 786, aBoeing 737-2H7C with 116 people on board, suffers anuncontained compressor failure in its number two engine which starts a fire. All on board evacuate the plane, although the fire kills two of them after they exit the cabin. The aircraft is destroyed.
September
edit- September 4 – 61-year-oldElaine Yadwin, who is not a pilot, lands aPiper Cherokee Warrior II safely inFlorida after her husband, the plane's pilot, dies during the flight.[19]
- September 11 – AnIraqi Air ForceExocetanti-ship missile strikes the fully loaded 251,000-gross-tonNorwegian-owned,Liberian-registeredoil tankerSt. Tobias in the Persian Gulf 50 nautical miles (93 kilometres) south ofKharg Island, blowing a hole in her side and starting a small fire that is quickly extinguished. She heads forAbu Dhabi under her own power.[18]
- September 12 – An Iraqi Air Force missile strike sinks the 500-gross-tonWest Germanplatform supply vesselSeatrans 21 in the Persian Gulf 50 nautical miles (93 kilometres) south of Kharg Island.[18]
- September 14–18 –AmericanJoseph Kittinger makes the first solotransatlanticballoon flight, fromCarbon,Maine, in theUnited States toSavona,Italy.
- September 16 – An Iranian reconnaissance aircraft sights theGreek-owned, Liberian-registered 122,000-gross-tonoil tankerMedheron in the Persian Gulf on a voyage to the Saudi oil terminal atRas Tanura, and theIslamic Republic of Iran Air Force attacks her with rockets her in the central Persian Gulf, destroying herbridge and part of her accommodation section and injuring three of her crewmen. She proceeds toBahrain with serious damage. Iranian aircraft also fire rockets at the 127,000-gross-tonSouth Korean tankerRoyal Colombo while she is in the Gulf on her way to Ras Tanura, hitting her in theengine room and injuring three crewmen, but she continues her voyage with only slight damage.[18]
October
edit- October 2 – TheUnited States Navy awardsMcDonnell Douglas aUS$438 million contract to develop theT-45 Goshawk.
- October 8 – AnIraqi Air Force missile strike wrecks theengine room of the emptyLiberianoil tankerWorld Knight in thePersian Gulf southwest ofKharg Island, to which she is headed, also setting fire to her crew accommodations. She is heavily damaged, with seven crewmen dead and five seriously injured.[18]
- October 11
- After a ground controller falls asleep on duty,Aeroflot Flight 3352, aTupolev Tu-154, strikes several maintenance vehicles and crashes while landing atOmsk Tsentralny Airport inOmsk in theSoviet Union, killing 174 of the 179 people on board and four people on the ground.
- Iranian aircraft attack the 21,000-gross-tonIndian tankerJag Pari in the Persian Gulf while she is heading toKuwait. She proceeds toBahrain with minor damage and one injured crewman.[18]
- October 12 – Iranian aircraft attack the 21,000-gross-tonPanamanianliquified natural gas tankerGaz Fountain, fully loaded with 20,000 tons of pressurizedpropane andbutane, in the central Persian Gulf, damaging her with three rockets. Her crew abandons ship, and she is declared a total loss.[18]
- October 15 – Iraqi Air Force missiles set fire to the fully loaded 219,000-gross-ton Iranian oil tankerSivand after she leaves the Iranian oil terminal at Kharg Island.[18]
- October 19 – An IranianF-4 Phantom II fighter-bomber fires rockets at the Panamanian-registered 1,538-gross-tondiving support shipPacific Prospector in the southern Persian Gulf, setting her on fire and killing two people.[18]
- October 24 – The first flight ofPZL-130 Orlik, aPolishturboproptrainer aircraft, takes place.
November
edit- November 1
- British Airways and some other international airlines begin relief flights carrying food and supplies toEthiopia during amajor famine there.
- American Eagle Airlines begins operations.[20]
- November 10 –Provincetown-Boston Airlines is grounded after the FAA withdrew itsAir operator's certificate, claiming a number of violations of regulations. Following the resignation of its chief executive officer and vice president operations, operations by part of the airline's fleet resume on November 25.[21][22]
- November 13 – AUnited States Air ForceF-15A Eagle performs the second of five test launches of theASM-135anti-satellite missile and the first in which the missile carries its third stage, the Miniature Homing Vehicle (MHV) interceptor. The missile fails when the MHV is pointed at a star, simulating the targeting of asatellite.[1]
- November 21 – TheIsrael Defense Forces, theCentral Intelligence Agency, theUnited States Embassy inKhartoum,mercenaries, and Sudanese state security forces beginOperation Moses, a covert airlift ofJews of theBeta Israel community who had fled afamine inEthiopia and were living in refugee camps inSudan. UsingTrans European Airways airliners, Operation Moses will carry around 8,000 Jews about 200 at a time in over 30 flights from Sudan toIsrael viaBrussels,Belgium, before it ends onJanuary 5, 1985.
- November 25 –Capitol Air ceases operations.[22] The airline, founded inJune 1946, had become bankrupt after its owner, George Batchelor, had largely dismantled it in favor of his new acquisition,Arrow Air.[citation needed]
December
edit- December 1 – The United StatesNational Aeronautics and Space Administration intentionally crashes aBoeing 720 as part of itsControlled Impact Demonstration Program atEdwards Air Force Base,California.
- December 3 – AnIraqi Air Force missile hits the empty 386,000-gross-tonCypriotoil tankerMinotaur in the Persian Gulf while she is on her way to the Iranian oil terminal atKharg Island, setting herengine room on fire. The fire is brought under control five hours later.[23]
- December 4 – AnIslamic Republic of Iran Air ForceF-4 Phantom II fires rockets into aKuwaitii supply boat operating in the Iraqi exclusion zone around Kharg Island.[23]
- December 6 –Provincetown-Boston Airlines Flight 1039, anEmbraer 110 Bandeirante, crashes on takeoff fromJacksonville International Airport atJacksonville,Florida, after itstail section separates from the rest of the aircraft due to a maintenance error. All 13 people on board die in the crash and ensuing fire.
- December 9 – An Iraqi Air Force strike hits the empty 163,000-gross-tonBahamian-registered oil tankerB. T. Investor in the Persian Gulf with anExocetanti-ship missile while she is on her way to Kharg Island. Although the missile punches a hole in the ship's side, no fire occurs, damage is minor, and no one is injured.[23]
- December 15 – An Iraqi Air Force strike hits the emptyGreek oil tankerNinemia with two missiles in the Persian Gulf while she is heading toward Kharg Island. The first missile starts a fire in her engine room, killing two crewmen, and she suffers heavy damage.[23]
- December 17
- An Iraqi Air Force missile strikes the Greekcargo shipAegis Cosmic in her cargo hold in the Persian Gulf 85 nautical miles (157 kilometres) north ofBahrain, but she is only slightly damaged, her crew suffers no injuries, and she continues her voyage.[18]
- AUnited States Air ForceC-5 Galaxy becomes airborne with 920,836 pounds (417,684 kg) aboard, setting a U.S. national record.
- December 21 – An Iraqi Air Force missile strike hits the 53,000-gross-ton Liberian-registered tankerMagnolia and the Norwegian supertankerThorshavet 31 nautical miles (57 kilometres) south of Kharg Island. AboardMagnolia, two crewmen die.Thorshavet, carrying 230,000 tons of Iranian oil, suffers heavy damage and 26 crewmen abandon ship.[23]
- December 25 – Iranian aircraft damage the 277,000-gross-ton Indian tankerKanchenjunga, bound forIndia fully loaded with Saudicrude oil she had loaded atRas Tanura, with rockets in the Persian Gulf 70 nautical miles (130 kilometres) northeast ofQatar. Her bridge and control room catch fire and some of her crewmen are injured. She diverts toDubai for repairs.[23]
- December 26 – Iranian aircraft damage the empty 239,000-gross-tonSpanish supertankerAragon in the Persian Gulf, hitting her with two rockets. She continues her voyage to the Saudi oil terminal at Ras Tanura.[23]
- December 31 – During 1984, Iraq has conducted 35 air attacks against shipping in the Persian Gulf, all usingair-to-surface missiles, while Iran has conducted 18 air attacks against Persian Gulf shipping.[24]
First flights
editFebruary
edit- February 6 –AIDC AT-3
- February 14 –Cessna Citation S/II
- February 15 –Cessna T-47[25]
- February 24 –Boeing 737-300[26]
March
edit- March 6 –Airship Industries Skyship 600[25]
- March 19 –IAI Astra[27]
April
edit- April 24 –Dornier SeaStarD-ICDS
May
edit- May 7 –Pilatus PC-9[27]
- May 15 –AMX International AMX[28]
June
edit- June 22 –Rutan Voyager[29]
- June 28 –Fuji KM-2D[30]
July
edit- July 4 –Bell Twin Ranger[31]
- July 18 –Latécoère 225[30]
- July 27 —Sikorsky S-75[30]
August
edit- August 16
- August 17 –Dornier Seastar[30]
- Stits DS-1 Baby Bird
September
edit- September 13 –Lockheed S-3B Viking[32]
- September 17 –Avtek 400N400AV[30]
- September 21 –Dassault Falcon 900[30]
- September 29 —NAC Freelance[30]
October
edit- October 5 —RTAF-5[30]
- October 6 –FMA IA 63 Pampa[30]
- October 12 –PZL-130 Orlik[30]
December
edit- December 14 –Grumman X-29[30]
Entered service
edit- Bell 214ST
- Beriev A-50 (NATO reporting name "Mainstay") with theSoviet Air Forces
May
edit- May 12 –Airbus A310 withAir France.
June
editJuly
edit- July 2 –Mirage 2000 withEscadron de Chasse 1/2[29]
December
edit- December 17 – Boeing 737-300 withSouthwest Airlines[33]
Retirements
edit- Republic F-105 Thunderchief by theUnited States Air National Guard[34]
- Tupolev Tu-126 (NATO reporting name "Moss") by theSoviet armed forces
March
edit- March 31 –Avro Vulcan[28]
Deaths
edit- April –Maxine (Blossom) Miles, aviation engineer (b.1901)
Deadliest crash
editThe deadliest crash of this year wasAeroflot Flight 3352, aTupolev Tu-154 which crashed on landing inOmsk,Russian SFSR on 11 October, killing 174 of the 179 people on board, as well as four on the ground.
References
edit- ^abDr. Raymond L. Puffer,The Death of a Satellite,[1], Retrieved on November 3, 2007.
- ^abcdefgAnthony H Cordesman; Abraham R. Wagner (1991).The Lessons of Modern War: The Iran-Iraq War. Westview Press. p. 191.ISBN 978-0-8133-1330-6.
- ^abCordesman and Wagner, p. 534
- ^Cordesman and Wagner, p. 180
- ^Cordesman and Wagner, pp. 181–182
- ^abcdefghAnthony H Cordesman; Abraham R. Wagner (1991).The Lessons of Modern War: The Iran-Iraq War. Westview Press. p. 535.ISBN 978-0-8133-1330-6.
- ^abcdefgAnthony H Cordesman; Abraham R. Wagner (1991).The Lessons of Modern War: The Iran-Iraq War. Westview Press. p. 536.ISBN 978-0-8133-1330-6.
- ^Anthony H Cordesman; Abraham R. Wagner (1991).The Lessons of Modern War: The Iran-Iraq War. Westview Press. p. 194.ISBN 978-0-8133-1330-6.
- ^abAnthony H Cordesman; Abraham R. Wagner (1991).The Lessons of Modern War: The Iran-Iraq War. Westview Press. p. 195.ISBN 978-0-8133-1330-6.
- ^"Tote bei Flugschau-Unglücken". 13 July 2009.
- ^abcdAnthony H Cordesman; Abraham R. Wagner (1991).The Lessons of Modern War: The Iran-Iraq War. Westview Press. p. 196.ISBN 978-0-8133-1330-6.
- ^1984 Virgin Group
- ^Anthony H Cordesman; Abraham R. Wagner (1991).The Lessons of Modern War: The Iran-Iraq War. Westview Press. pp. 536–537.ISBN 978-0-8133-1330-6.
- ^abcdefgAnthony H Cordesman; Abraham R. Wagner (1991).The Lessons of Modern War: The Iran-Iraq War. Westview Press. p. 537.ISBN 978-0-8133-1330-6.
- ^"Air Florida files bankruptcy and grounds planes".The New York Times. 4 July 1984. p. 1A.Archived from the original on 7 August 2024. Retrieved23 December 2024.
- ^Accident description for S2-ABJ at theAviation Safety Network
- ^"AROUND THE WORLD; 49 Die in Bangladesh As Plane Plunges".The New York Times. 6 August 1984. Retrieved2 September 2014.
- ^abcdefghijAnthony H Cordesman; Abraham R. Wagner (1991).The Lessons of Modern War: The Iran-Iraq War. Westview Press. p. 538.ISBN 978-0-8133-1330-6.
- ^"Woman lands plane after pilot has heart attack".UPI. 5 September 1984.Archived from the original on 23 December 2024. Retrieved23 December 2024.
- ^"40 Years of American Eagle".www.envoyair.com.Envoy Air. 1 November 2024.Archived from the original on 23 December 2024. Retrieved23 December 2024.
- ^"Airscene: Civil Affairs: USA".Air International. Vol. 28, no. 1. January 1985. p. 52.ISSN 0306-5634.
- ^ab"Airscene: Civil Affairs: USA".Air International. Vol. 28, no. 2. February 1985. p. 58.ISSN 0306-5634.
- ^abcdefgAnthony H Cordesman; Abraham R. Wagner (1991).The Lessons of Modern War: The Iran-Iraq War. Westview Press. p. 539.ISBN 978-0-8133-1330-6.
- ^Cordesman, Anthony H., and Abraham R. Wagner,The Lessons of Modern War, Volume II: The Iran-Iraq War, Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1990,ISBN 0-8133-1330-9, pp. 339.
- ^abTaylor 1984, p. 48.
- ^Taylor 1984, p. 89.
- ^abTaylor 1984, p. 90.
- ^abTaylor 1984, p. 49.
- ^abcTaylor 1984, p. 50.
- ^abcdefghijklTaylor 1985, p. [67]
- ^Taylor 1984, p. 92.
- ^Bodie, Warren M., "Flashback,"Aviation History, July 2008, p. 45.
- ^"Boeing 737-300 Southwest Airlines "Spirit of Kitty Hawk"".www.flightmuseum.com. Frontiers of Flight Museum. RetrievedDecember 10, 2020.
- ^Enzo Angelucci; Peter M. Bowers (1987).The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft from 1917 to the Present. Outlet. p. 409.ISBN 978-0-517-56588-9.
- Taylor, John W. R., ed. (1985).Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1985–86. London: Jane's Yearbooks.ISBN 0-7106-0821-7.
- Taylor, Michael J.H., ed. (1984).Jane's Aviation Review (Fourth ed.). London: Jane's Publishing Company.ISBN 0-7106-0333-9.