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CharT& back(); | (1) | (constexpr since C++20) |
const CharT& back()const; | (2) | (constexpr since C++20) |
Returns reference to the last character in the string.
Ifempty() istrue, the behavior is undefined. | (until C++26) |
Ifempty() istrue:
| (since C++26) |
Contents |
operator[](size()-1)
Constant.
In libstdc++,back()
isnot available in C++98 mode.
#include <iostream>#include <string> int main(){std::string s("Exemplary");char& back1= s.back(); back1='s';std::cout<< s<<'\n';// "Exemplars" std::stringconst c("Exemplary");charconst& back2= c.back();std::cout<< back2<<'\n';// 'y'}
Output:
Exemplarsy
The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.
DR | Applied to | Behavior as published | Correct behavior |
---|---|---|---|
LWG 534 | C++98 | std::basic_string did not have the member functionback() | added |
(DR*) | accesses the first character (public member function)[edit] |
accesses the last character (public member function of std::basic_string_view<CharT,Traits> )[edit] |