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      std::ranges::shuffle

      From cppreference.com
      <cpp‎ |algorithm‎ |ranges
       
       
      Algorithm library
      Constrained algorithms and algorithms on ranges(C++20)
      Constrained algorithms, e.g.ranges::copy,ranges::sort, ...
      Execution policies(C++17)
      Sorting and related operations
      Partitioning operations
      Sorting operations
      Binary search operations
      (on partitioned ranges)
      Set operations (on sorted ranges)
      Merge operations (on sorted ranges)
      Heap operations
      Minimum/maximum operations
      (C++11)
      (C++17)
      Lexicographical comparison operations
      Permutation operations
      C library
      Numeric operations
      Operations on uninitialized memory
       
      Constrained algorithms
      All names in this menu belong to namespacestd::ranges
      Non-modifying sequence operations
      Modifying sequence operations
      Partitioning operations
      Sorting operations
      Binary search operations (on sorted ranges)
             
             
      Set operations (on sorted ranges)
      Heap operations
      Minimum/maximum operations
      Permutation operations
      Fold operations
      Operations on uninitialized storage
      Return types
       
      Defined in header<algorithm>
      Call signature
      template<std::random_access_iterator I,std::sentinel_for<I> S,class Gen>

      requiresstd::permutable<I>&&
               std::uniform_random_bit_generator<std::remove_reference_t<Gen>>

          I shuffle( I first, S last, Gen&& gen);
      (1)(since C++20)
      (2)(since C++20)
      1) Reorders the elements in the given range[firstlast) such that each possible permutation of those elements has equal probability of appearance.
      2) Same as(1), but usesr as the range, as if usingranges::begin(r) asfirst andranges::end(r) aslast.

      The function-like entities described on this page arealgorithm function objects (informally known asniebloids), that is:

      Contents

      [edit]Parameters

      first, last - the iterator-sentinel pair defining therange of elements to shuffle randomly
      r - the range of elements to shuffle randomly
      gen - the random number generator

      [edit]Return value

      An iterator equal tolast.

      [edit]Complexity

      Exactly(last- first)-1 swaps.

      [edit]Possible implementation

      struct shuffle_fn{template<std::random_access_iterator I,std::sentinel_for<I> S,class Gen>    requiresstd::permutable<I>&&std::uniform_random_bit_generator<std::remove_reference_t<Gen>>    I operator()(I first, S last, Gen&& gen)const{using diff_t=std::iter_difference_t<I>;using distr_t=std::uniform_int_distribution<diff_t>;using param_t=typename distr_t::param_type;        distr_t D;constauto n{last- first};for(diff_t i{1}; i< n;++i)ranges::iter_swap(first+ i, first+ D(gen, param_t(0, i)));returnranges::next(first, last);} template<ranges::random_access_range R,class Gen>    requiresstd::permutable<ranges::iterator_t<R>>&&std::uniform_random_bit_generator<std::remove_reference_t<Gen>>ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R> operator()(R&& r, Gen&& gen)const{return(*this)(ranges::begin(r),ranges::end(r),std::forward<Gen>(gen));}}; inlineconstexpr shuffle_fn shuffle{};

      [edit]Example

      Run this code
      #include <algorithm>#include <array>#include <iostream>#include <random> void print(constauto& a){for(constauto e: a)std::cout<< e<<' ';std::cout<<'\n';} int main(){std::array a{'A','B','C','D','E','F'};    print(a); std::random_device rd;std::mt19937 gen{rd()}; for(int i{}; i!=3;++i){        std::ranges::shuffle(a, gen);        print(a);}}

      Possible output:

      A B C D E FF E A C D BE C B F A DB A E C F D

      [edit]See also

      generates the next greater lexicographic permutation of a range of elements
      (algorithm function object)[edit]
      generates the next smaller lexicographic permutation of a range of elements
      (algorithm function object)[edit]
      (until C++17)(C++11)
      randomly re-orders elements in a range
      (function template)[edit]
      Retrieved from "https://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/algorithm/ranges/shuffle&oldid=180525"

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