Converts the given character to uppercase according to the character conversion rules defined by the currently installed C locale.

In the default"C" locale, the following lowercase lettersabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz are replaced with respective uppercase lettersABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ.

[edit]Parameters

[edit]Return value

Converted character orch if no uppercase version is defined by the current C locale.

[edit]Notes

Like all other functions from<cctype>, the behavior ofstd::toupper is undefined if the argument's value is neither representable asunsignedchar nor equal toEOF. To use these functions safely with plainchars (orsignedchars), the argument should first be converted tounsignedchar:

char my_toupper(char ch){returnstatic_cast<char>(std::toupper(static_cast<unsignedchar>(ch)));}

Similarly, they should not be directly used with standard algorithms when the iterator's value type ischar orsignedchar. Instead, convert the value tounsignedchar first:

std::string str_toupper(std::string s){std::transform(s.begin(), s.end(), s.begin(),// static_cast<int(*)(int)>(std::toupper)         // wrong// [](int c){ return std::toupper(c); }           // wrong// [](char c){ return std::toupper(c); }          // wrong[](unsignedchar c){return std::toupper(c);}// correct);return s;}

[edit]Example

#include <cctype>#include <climits>#include <clocale>#include <iostream>#include <ranges> int main(){for(auto bd{0};unsignedchar lc: std::views::iota(0,UCHAR_MAX))if(unsignedchar uc= std::toupper(lc); uc!= lc)std::cout<< lc<< uc<<(13==++bd?'\n':' ');std::cout<<"\n\n"; unsignedchar c='\xb8';// the character ž in ISO-8859-15// but ¸ (cedilla) in ISO-8859-1 std::setlocale(LC_ALL,"en_US.iso88591");std::cout<<std::hex<<std::showbase;std::cout<<"in iso8859-1, toupper('0xb8') gives "<< std::toupper(c)<<'\n';std::setlocale(LC_ALL,"en_US.iso885915");std::cout<<"in iso8859-15, toupper('0xb8') gives "<< std::toupper(c)<<'\n';}

aA bB cC dD eE fF gG hH iI jJ kK lL mMnN oO pP qQ rR sS tT uU vV wW xX yY zZ in iso8859-1, toupper('0xb8') gives 0xb8in iso8859-15, toupper('0xb8') gives 0xb4

[edit]See also

[edit]External links

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