C++11 is the second major version of C++ and the most important update since C++98. A large number of changes were introduced to both standardize existing practices and improve the abstractions available to the C++ programmers.

Before it was finally approved by ISO on 12 August 2011, the name 'C++0x' was used because it was expected to be published before 2010. It took 8 years between C++03 and C++11, so it has become the longest interval between versions so far. Since then, currently, C++ updates every 3 years regularly.

Following features were merged into C++11:

• FromTR1: all of TR1 exceptSpecial Functions.
• From Boost:The thread library,exception_ptr,error_code anderror_condition, iterator improvements (begin,end,next,prev)
• From C: C-style Unicode conversion functions

[edit]Core language features

• auto anddecltype
• defaulted anddeleted functions
• final andoverride
• trailing return type
• rvalue references
• move constructors andmove assignment operators
• scoped enums
• constexpr andliteral types
• list initialization
• delegating andinherited constructors
• brace-or-equalinitializers
• nullptr
• long long
• char16_t andchar32_t
• type aliases
• variadic templates
• generalized (non-trivial) unions
• generalized PODs (trivial types andstandard-layout types)
• Unicode string literals
• user-defined literals
• attributes
• lambda expressions
• noexcept specifier andnoexcept operator
• alignof andalignas
• multithreadedmemory model
• thread-local storage
• GC interface(removed in C++23)
• range-for (based on Boost library)
• static_assert (based on Boost library)

[edit]Library features

[edit]Headers

• <array>
• <atomic>
• <cfenv>
• <chrono>
• <cinttypes>
• <condition_variable>
• <cstdint>
• <cuchar>
• <forward_list>
• <future>
• <initializer_list>
• <mutex>
• <random>
• <ratio>
• <regex>
• <scoped_allocator>
• <system_error>
• <thread>
• <tuple>
• <typeindex>
• <type_traits>
• <unordered_map>
• <unordered_set>

[edit]Library features

• concurrency support library
• emplace() and other use of rvalue references throughout all parts of the existing library
• std::unique_ptr
• std::move_iterator
• std::initializer_list
• stateful andscoped allocators
• std::forward_list
• chrono library
• ratio library
• newalgorithms:

• std::all_of,std::any_of,std::none_of,
• std::find_if_not,
• std::copy_if,std::copy_n,
• std::move,std::move_backward,
• std::random_shuffle,std::shuffle,
• std::is_partitioned,std::partition_copy,std::partition_point,
• std::is_sorted,std::is_sorted_until,
• std::is_heap,std::is_heap_until,
• std::minmax,std::minmax_element,
• std::is_permutation,
• std::iota,
• std::uninitialized_copy_n

• Unicode conversion facets
• std::function
• std::exception_ptr
• std::error_code andstd::error_condition
• iterator improvements:

• std::begin
• std::end
• std::next
• std::prev

• Unicode conversion functions

[edit]Defect reports

[edit]Compiler support

[edit]C++11 core language features

[edit]C++11 library features

* - hover over a cell marked with the star* to see additional pop-up notes.
DRnn - the numbernn after "DR" denotes target C++ revision the Defect Report is applied to, e.g., DR20 → C++20.

[edit]External links

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