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      File input/output

      From cppreference.com
      <c
       
       
      File input/output
      Types and objects
      Functions
      File access
      Unformatted input/output
      (C95)(C95)
      (C95)
      (C95)(C95)
      (C95)
      (C95)

      Formatted input
       

      The<stdio.h> header provides generic file operation support and supplies functions with narrow character input/output capabilities.

      The<wchar.h> header supplies functions with wide character input/output capabilities.

      I/O streams are denoted by objects of typeFILE that can only be accessed and manipulated through pointers of typeFILE*. Each stream is associated with an external physical device (file, standard input stream, printer, serial port, etc).

      Contents

      [edit]Types

      Defined in header<stdio.h>
      object type, capable of holding all information needed to control a C I/O stream
      (typedef)[edit]
      non-array complete object type, capable of uniquely specifying a position and multibyte parser state in a file
      (typedef)[edit]

      [edit]Predefined standard streams

      Defined in header<stdio.h>
      expression of typeFILE* associated with the input stream
      expression of typeFILE* associated with the output stream
      expression of typeFILE* associated with the error output stream
      (macro constant)[edit]

      [edit]Functions

      File access
      Defined in header<stdio.h>
      opens a file
      (function)[edit]
      open an existing stream with a different name
      (function)[edit]
      closes a file
      (function)[edit]
      synchronizes an output stream with the actual file
      (function)[edit]
      sets the buffer for a file stream
      (function)[edit]
      sets the buffer and its size for a file stream
      (function)[edit]
      Defined in header<wchar.h>
      (C95)
      		 switches a file stream between wide character I/O and narrow character I/O
      (function)[edit]
      Direct input/output
      Defined in header<stdio.h>
      reads from a file
      (function)[edit]
      writes to a file
      (function)[edit]
      Unformatted input/output
      Narrow character
      Defined in header<stdio.h>
      gets a character from a file stream
      (function)[edit]
      gets a character string from a file stream
      (function)[edit]
      writes a character to a file stream
      (function)[edit]
      writes a character string to a file stream
      (function)[edit]
      reads a character fromstdin
      (function)[edit]
      (removed in C11)(C11)
      		 reads a character string fromstdin
      (function)[edit]
      writes a character tostdout
      (function)[edit]
      writes a character string tostdout
      (function)[edit]
      puts a character back into a file stream
      (function)[edit]
      Wide character
      Defined in header<wchar.h>
      gets a wide character from a file stream
      (function)[edit]
      (C95)
      		 gets a wide string from a file stream
      (function)[edit]
      writes a wide character to a file stream
      (function)[edit]
      (C95)
      		 writes a wide string to a file stream
      (function)[edit]
      reads a wide character fromstdin
      (function)[edit]
      writes a wide character tostdout
      (function)[edit]
      (C95)
      		 puts a wide character back into a file stream
      (function)[edit]
      Formatted input/output
      Narrow character
      Defined in header<stdio.h>
      reads formatted input fromstdin, a file stream or a buffer
      (function)[edit]
      reads formatted input fromstdin, a file stream or a buffer
      using variable argument list
      (function)[edit]
      prints formatted output tostdout, a file stream or a buffer
      (function)[edit]
      prints formatted output tostdout, a file stream or a buffer
      using variable argument list
      (function)[edit]
      Wide character
      Defined in header<wchar.h>
      reads formatted wide character input fromstdin, a file stream or a buffer
      (function)[edit]
      reads formatted wide character input fromstdin, a file stream
      or a buffer using variable argument list
      (function)[edit]
      prints formatted wide character output tostdout, a file stream or a buffer
      (function)[edit]
      prints formatted wide character output tostdout, a file stream
      or a buffer using variable argument list
      (function)[edit]
      File positioning
      Defined in header<stdio.h>
      returns the current file position indicator
      (function)[edit]
      gets the file position indicator
      (function)[edit]
      moves the file position indicator to a specific location in a file
      (function)[edit]
      moves the file position indicator to a specific location in a file
      (function)[edit]
      moves the file position indicator to the beginning in a file
      (function)[edit]
      Error handling
      Defined in header<stdio.h>
      clears errors
      (function)[edit]
      checks for the end-of-file
      (function)[edit]
      checks for a file error
      (function)[edit]
      displays a character string corresponding of the current error tostderr
      (function)[edit]
      Operations on files
      Defined in header<stdio.h>
      erases a file
      (function)[edit]
      renames a file
      (function)[edit]
      returns a pointer to a temporary file
      (function)[edit]
      returns a unique filename
      (function)[edit]

      [edit]Macro constants

      Defined in header<stdio.h>
      EOF
      		 integer constant expression of typeint and negative value
      (macro constant)
      FOPEN_MAX
      		 maximum number of files that can be open simultaneously
      (macro constant)
      FILENAME_MAX
      		 size needed for an array ofchar to hold the longest supported file name
      (macro constant)
      BUFSIZ
      		 size of the buffer used bysetbuf
      (macro constant)
      _IOFBF_IOLBF_IONBF
      		 argument tosetvbuf indicating fully buffered I/O
      argument tosetvbuf indicating line buffered I/O
      argument tosetvbuf indicating unbuffered I/O
      (macro constant)
      SEEK_SETSEEK_CURSEEK_END
      		 argument tofseek indicating seeking from beginning of the file
      argument tofseek indicating seeking from the current file position
      argument tofseek indicating seeking from end of the file
      (macro constant)
      TMP_MAXTMP_MAX_S
      (C11)
      		 maximum number of unique filenames that can be generated bytmpnam
      maximum number of unique filenames that can be generated bytmpnam_s
      (macro constant)
      L_tmpnamL_tmpnam_s
      (C11)
      		 size needed for an array ofchar to hold the result oftmpnam
      size needed for an array ofchar to hold the result oftmpnam_s
      (macro constant)

      [edit]References

      • C23 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2024):
      • 7.21 Input/output <stdio.h> (p: TBD)
      • 7.29 Extended multibyte and wide character utilities <wchar.h> (p: TBD)
      • 7.31.11 Input/output <stdio.h> (p: TBD)
      • 7.31.16 Extended multibyte and wide character utilities <wchar.h> (p: TBD)
      • K.3.5 Input/output <stdio.h> (p: TBD)
      • C17 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2018):
      • 7.21 Input/output <stdio.h> (p: TBD)
      • 7.29 Extended multibyte and wide character utilities <wchar.h> (p: TBD)
      • 7.31.11 Input/output <stdio.h> (p: TBD)
      • 7.31.16 Extended multibyte and wide character utilities <wchar.h> (p: TBD)
      • K.3.5 Input/output <stdio.h> (p: TBD)
      • C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):
      • 7.21 Input/output <stdio.h> (p: 296-339)
      • 7.29 Extended multibyte and wide character utilities <wchar.h> (p: 402-446)
      • 7.31.11 Input/output <stdio.h> (p: 456)
      • 7.31.16 Extended multibyte and wide character utilities <wchar.h> (p: 456)
      • K.3.5 Input/output <stdio.h> (p: 586-603)
      • C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999):
      • 7.19 Input/output <stdio.h> (p: 262-305)
      • 7.24 Extended multibyte and wide character utilities <wchar.h> (p: 348-392)
      • 7.26.9 Input/output <stdio.h> (p: 402)
      • 7.26.12 Extended multibyte and wide character utilities <wchar.h> (p: 402)
      • C89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990):
      • 4.9 INPUT/OUTPUT <stdio.h>
      • 4.13.6 Input/output <stdio.h>

      [edit]See also

      C++ documentation forC-style file input/output
      Retrieved from "https://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=c/io&oldid=180208"
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