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namespace std{template<class CharT,class Traits= char_traits<CharT>>class basic_filebuf;using filebuf= basic_filebuf<char>;using wfilebuf= basic_filebuf<wchar_t>; template<class CharT,class Traits= char_traits<CharT>>class basic_ifstream;using ifstream= basic_ifstream<char>;using wifstream= basic_ifstream<wchar_t>; template<class CharT,class Traits= char_traits<CharT>>class basic_ofstream;using ofstream= basic_ofstream<char>;using wofstream= basic_ofstream<wchar_t>; template<class CharT,class Traits= char_traits<CharT>>class basic_fstream;using fstream= basic_fstream<char>;using wfstream= basic_fstream<wchar_t>;}

namespace std{template<class CharT,class Traits= char_traits<CharT>>class basic_filebuf:public basic_streambuf<CharT, Traits>{public:using char_type= CharT;using int_type=typename Traits::int_type;using pos_type=typename Traits::pos_type;using off_type=typename Traits::off_type;using traits_type= Traits; // constructors/destructor    basic_filebuf();    basic_filebuf(const basic_filebuf&)= delete;    basic_filebuf(basic_filebuf&& rhs);virtual ~basic_filebuf(); // assign and swap    basic_filebuf& operator=(const basic_filebuf&)= delete;    basic_filebuf& operator=(basic_filebuf&& rhs);void swap(basic_filebuf& rhs); // membersbool is_open()const;    basic_filebuf* open(constchar* s, ios_base::openmode mode);    basic_filebuf* open(const filesystem::path::value_type* s,                        ios_base::openmode mode);// wide systems only    basic_filebuf* open(const string& s,                        ios_base::openmode mode);    basic_filebuf* open(const filesystem::path& s,                        ios_base::openmode mode);    basic_filebuf* close(); protected:// overridden virtual functions    streamsize showmanyc() override;    int_type underflow() override;    int_type uflow() override;    int_type pbackfail(int_type c= Traits::eof()) override;    int_type overflow(int_type c= Traits::eof()) override;     basic_streambuf<CharT, Traits>* setbuf(char_type* s,                                           streamsize n) override;    pos_type seekoff(off_type off, ios_base::seekdir way,                     ios_base::openmode which= ios_base::in| ios_base::out) override;    pos_type seekpos(pos_type sp,                     ios_base::openmode which= ios_base::in| ios_base::out) override;int      sync() override;void     imbue(const locale& loc) override;}; template<class CharT,class Traits>void swap(basic_filebuf<CharT, Traits>& x,              basic_filebuf<CharT, Traits>& y);}

namespace std{template<class CharT,class Traits= char_traits<CharT>>class basic_ifstream:public basic_istream<CharT, Traits>{public:using char_type= CharT;using int_type=typename Traits::int_type;using pos_type=typename Traits::pos_type;using off_type=typename Traits::off_type;using traits_type= Traits; // constructors    basic_ifstream();explicit basic_ifstream(constchar* s,                            ios_base::openmode mode= ios_base::in);explicit basic_ifstream(const filesystem::path::value_type* s,                            ios_base::openmode mode= ios_base::in);// wide systems onlyexplicit basic_ifstream(const string& s,                            ios_base::openmode mode= ios_base::in);explicit basic_ifstream(const filesystem::path& s,                            ios_base::openmode mode= ios_base::in);    basic_ifstream(const basic_ifstream&)= delete;    basic_ifstream(basic_ifstream&& rhs); // assign and swap    basic_ifstream& operator=(const basic_ifstream&)= delete;    basic_ifstream& operator=(basic_ifstream&& rhs);void swap(basic_ifstream& rhs); // members    basic_filebuf<CharT, Traits>* rdbuf()const; bool is_open()const;void open(constchar* s, ios_base::openmode mode= ios_base::in);void open(const filesystem::path::value_type* s,              ios_base::openmode mode= ios_base::in);// wide systems onlyvoid open(const string& s, ios_base::openmode mode= ios_base::in);void open(const filesystem::path& s, ios_base::openmode mode= ios_base::in);void close();private:    basic_filebuf<CharT, Traits> sb;// exposition only}; template<class CharT,class Traits>void swap(basic_ifstream<CharT, Traits>& x,              basic_ifstream<CharT, Traits>& y);}

namespace std{template<class CharT,class Traits= char_traits<CharT>>class basic_ofstream:public basic_ostream<CharT, Traits>{public:using char_type= CharT;using int_type=typename Traits::int_type;using pos_type=typename Traits::pos_type;using off_type=typename Traits::off_type;using traits_type= Traits; // constructors    basic_ofstream();explicit basic_ofstream(constchar* s,                            ios_base::openmode mode= ios_base::out);explicit basic_ofstream(const filesystem::path::value_type* s,// wide systems only                            ios_base::openmode mode= ios_base::out);explicit basic_ofstream(const string& s,                            ios_base::openmode mode= ios_base::out);explicit basic_ofstream(const filesystem::path& s,                            ios_base::openmode mode= ios_base::out);    basic_ofstream(const basic_ofstream&)= delete;    basic_ofstream(basic_ofstream&& rhs); // assign and swap    basic_ofstream& operator=(const basic_ofstream&)= delete;    basic_ofstream& operator=(basic_ofstream&& rhs);void swap(basic_ofstream& rhs); // members    basic_filebuf<CharT, Traits>* rdbuf()const; bool is_open()const;void open(constchar* s, ios_base::openmode mode= ios_base::out);void open(const filesystem::path::value_type* s,              ios_base::openmode mode= ios_base::out);// wide systems onlyvoid open(const string& s, ios_base::openmode mode= ios_base::out);void open(const filesystem::path& s, ios_base::openmode mode= ios_base::out);void close();private:    basic_filebuf<CharT, Traits> sb;// exposition only}; template<class CharT,class Traits>void swap(basic_ofstream<CharT, Traits>& x,              basic_ofstream<CharT, Traits>& y);}

namespace std{template<class CharT,class Traits= char_traits<CharT>>class basic_fstream:public basic_iostream<CharT, Traits>{public:using char_type= CharT;using int_type=typename Traits::int_type;using pos_type=typename Traits::pos_type;using off_type=typename Traits::off_type;using traits_type= Traits; // constructors    basic_fstream();explicit basic_fstream(constchar* s,      ios_base::openmode mode= ios_base::in| ios_base::out);explicit basic_fstream(const filesystem::path::value_type* s,      ios_base::openmode mode= ios_base::in| ios_base::out);// wide systems onlyexplicit basic_fstream(const string& s,      ios_base::openmode mode= ios_base::in| ios_base::out);explicit basic_fstream(const filesystem::path& s,      ios_base::openmode mode= ios_base::in| ios_base::out);    basic_fstream(const basic_fstream&)= delete;    basic_fstream(basic_fstream&& rhs); // assign and swap    basic_fstream& operator=(const basic_fstream&)= delete;    basic_fstream& operator=(basic_fstream&& rhs);void swap(basic_fstream& rhs); // members    basic_filebuf<CharT, Traits>* rdbuf()const;bool is_open()const;void open(constchar* s,      ios_base::openmode mode= ios_base::in| ios_base::out);void open(const filesystem::path::value_type* s,      ios_base::openmode mode= ios_base::in| ios_base::out);// wide systems onlyvoid open(const string& s,      ios_base::openmode mode= ios_base::in| ios_base::out);void open(const filesystem::path& s,      ios_base::openmode mode= ios_base::in| ios_base::out);void close(); private:    basic_filebuf<CharT, Traits> sb;// exposition only}; template<class CharT,class Traits>void swap(basic_fstream<CharT, Traits>& x,              basic_fstream<CharT, Traits>& y);}