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      Standard library header <cstdlib>

      From cppreference.com
      <cpp‎ |header
       
       
      Standard library headers
       

      This header was originally in the C standard library as<stdlib.h>.

      This header provides miscellaneous utilities. Symbols defined here are used by several library components.

      Contents

      Types

      structure type, returned bystd::div
      (typedef)[edit]
      structure type, returned bystd::ldiv
      (typedef)[edit]
      (C++11)
      structure type, returned bystd::lldiv
      (typedef)[edit]
      unsigned integer type returned by thesizeof operator
      (typedef)[edit]

      Macro constants

      indicates program execution status
      (macro constant)[edit]
      MB_CUR_MAX
      maximum number of bytes in a multibyte character with the current locale
      (macro constant)[edit]
      implementation-defined null pointer constant
      (macro constant)[edit]
      maximum possible value generated bystd::rand
      (macro constant)[edit]

      Functions

      Process control
      causes abnormal program termination (without cleaning up)
      (function)[edit]
      causes normal program termination with cleaning up
      (function)[edit]
      (C++11)
      causes quick program termination without completely cleaning up
      (function)[edit]
      (C++11)
      causes normal program termination without cleaning up
      (function)[edit]
      registers a function to be called onstd::exit() invocation
      (function)[edit]
      registers a function to be called onstd::quick_exit invocation
      (function)[edit]
      calls the host environment's command processor
      (function)[edit]
      access to the list of environment variables
      (function)[edit]
      Memory management
      allocates memory
      (function)[edit]
      allocates aligned memory
      (function)[edit]
      allocates and zeroes memory
      (function)[edit]
      expands or shrinks previously allocated memory block
      (function)[edit]
      deallocates previously allocated memory
      (function)[edit]
      Numeric string conversion
      converts a byte string to a floating point value
      (function)[edit]
      converts a byte string to an integer value
      (function)[edit]
      converts a byte string to an integer value
      (function)[edit]
      converts a byte string to an unsigned integer value
      (function)[edit]
      converts a byte string to a floating-point value
      (function)[edit]
      Wide string manipulation
      returns the number of bytes in the next multibyte character
      (function)[edit]
      converts the next multibyte character to wide character
      (function)[edit]
      converts a wide character to its multibyte representation
      (function)[edit]
      converts a narrow multibyte character string to wide string
      (function)[edit]
      converts a wide string to narrow multibyte character string
      (function)[edit]
      Miscellaneous algorithms and math
      generates a pseudo-random number
      (function)[edit]
      seeds pseudo-random number generator
      (function)[edit]
      sorts a range of elements with unspecified type
      (function)[edit]
      searches an array for an element of unspecified type
      (function)[edit]
      computes absolute value of an integral value (\(\small{|x|}\)|x|)
      (function)[edit]
      computes quotient and remainder of integer division
      (function)[edit]

      [edit]Synopsis

      namespace std{using size_t=/* see description */;// freestandingusing div_t=/* see description */;// freestandingusing ldiv_t=/* see description */;// freestandingusing lldiv_t=/* see description */;// freestanding} #define NULL         /* see description */ // freestanding#define EXIT_FAILURE /* see description */ // freestanding#define EXIT_SUCCESS /* see description */ // freestanding#define RAND_MAX     /* see description */#define MB_CUR_MAX   /* see description */ namespace std{// Exposition-only function type aliasesextern"C"using/* c-atexit-handler */=void();// exposition onlyextern"C++"using/* atexit-handler */=void();// exposition onlyextern"C"using/* c-compare-pred */=// exposition onlyint(constvoid*,constvoid*);extern"C++"using/* compare-pred */=// exposition onlyint(constvoid*,constvoid*); // start and termination[[noreturn]]void abort()noexcept;// freestandingint atexit(/* c-atexit-handler */* func)noexcept;// freestandingint atexit(/* atexit-handler */* func)noexcept;// freestandingint at_quick_exit(/* c-atexit-handler */* func)noexcept;// freestandingint at_quick_exit(/* atexit-handler */* func)noexcept;// freestanding[[noreturn]]void exit(int status);// freestanding[[noreturn]]void _Exit(int status)noexcept;// freestanding[[noreturn]]void quick_exit(int status)noexcept;// freestanding char* getenv(constchar* name);int system(constchar* string); // C library memory allocationvoid* aligned_alloc(size_t alignment, size_t size);void* calloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size);void free(void* ptr);void* malloc(size_t size);void* realloc(void* ptr, size_t size); double atof(constchar* nptr);int atoi(constchar* nptr);longint atol(constchar* nptr);longlongint atoll(constchar* nptr);double strtod(constchar* nptr,char** endptr);float strtof(constchar* nptr,char** endptr);longdouble strtold(constchar* nptr,char** endptr);longint strtol(constchar* nptr,char** endptr,int base);longlongint strtoll(constchar* nptr,char** endptr,int base);unsignedlongint strtoul(constchar* nptr,char** endptr,int base);unsignedlonglongint strtoull(constchar* nptr,char** endptr,int base); // multibyte / wide string and character conversion functionsint mblen(constchar* s, size_t n);int mbtowc(wchar_t* pwc,constchar* s, size_t n);int wctomb(char* s,wchar_t wchar);  size_t mbstowcs(wchar_t* pwcs,constchar* s, size_t n);  size_t wcstombs(char* s,constwchar_t* pwcs, size_t n); // C standard library algorithmsvoid* bsearch(constvoid* key,constvoid* base,// freestanding                size_t nmemb, size_t size,/* c-compare-pred */* compar);void* bsearch(constvoid* key,constvoid* base,// freestanding                size_t nmemb, size_t size,/* compare-pred */* compar);void qsort(void* base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,// freestanding/* c-compare-pred */* compar);void qsort(void* base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,// freestanding/* compare-pred */* compar); // low-quality random number generationint rand();void srand(unsignedint seed); // absolute valuesconstexprint abs(int j);// freestandingconstexprlongint abs(longint j);// freestandingconstexprlonglongint abs(longlongint j);// freestandingconstexpr/* floating-point-type */    abs(/* floating-point-type */ j);// freestanding-deleted constexprlongint labs(longint j);// freestandingconstexprlonglongint llabs(longlongint j);// freestanding constexpr div_t div(int numer,int denom);// freestandingconstexpr ldiv_t div(longint numer,longint denom);// freestandingconstexpr lldiv_t div(longlongint numer,longlongint denom);// freestandingconstexpr ldiv_t ldiv(longint numer,longint denom);// freestandingconstexpr lldiv_t lldiv(longlongint numer,longlongint denom);// freestanding}

      [edit]Defect reports

      The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

      DRApplied toBehavior as publishedCorrect behavior
      LWG 286C++98the definition ofsize_t was not provided in<cstdlib>provided

      [edit]See also

      Retrieved from "https://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/header/cstdlib&oldid=158952"

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