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      std::ranges::copy_backward,std::ranges::copy_backward_result

      From cppreference.com
      <cpp‎ |algorithm‎ |ranges
       
       
      Algorithm library
      Constrained algorithms and algorithms on ranges(C++20)
      Constrained algorithms, e.g.ranges::copy,ranges::sort, ...
      Execution policies(C++17)
      Sorting and related operations
      Partitioning operations
      Sorting operations
      Binary search operations
      (on partitioned ranges)
      Set operations (on sorted ranges)
      Merge operations (on sorted ranges)
      Heap operations
      Minimum/maximum operations
      (C++11)
      (C++17)
      Lexicographical comparison operations
      Permutation operations
      C library
      Numeric operations
      Operations on uninitialized memory
       
      Constrained algorithms
      All names in this menu belong to namespacestd::ranges
      Non-modifying sequence operations
      Modifying sequence operations
      Partitioning operations
      Sorting operations
      Binary search operations (on sorted ranges)
             
             
      Set operations (on sorted ranges)
      Heap operations
      Minimum/maximum operations
      Permutation operations
      Fold operations
      Operations on uninitialized storage
      Return types
       
      Defined in header<algorithm>
      Call signature
      template<std::bidirectional_iterator I1,std::sentinel_for<I1> S1,

               std::bidirectional_iterator I2>
      requiresstd::indirectly_copyable<I1, I2>
      constexpr copy_backward_result<I1, I2>

          copy_backward( I1 first, S1 last, I2 d_last);
      (1)(since C++20)
      template<ranges::bidirectional_range R,std::bidirectional_iterator I>

      requiresstd::indirectly_copyable<ranges::iterator_t<R>, I>
      constexpr copy_backward_result<ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R>, I>

          copy_backward( R&& r, I d_last);
      (2)(since C++20)
      Helper types
      template<class I1,class I2>
      using copy_backward_result=ranges::in_out_result<I1, I2>;
      (3)(since C++20)
      1) Copies the elements from the range, defined by[firstlast), to another range[d_last- Nd_last), whereN=ranges::distance(first, last). The elements are copied in reverse order (the last element is copied first), but their relative order is preserved. The behavior is undefined ifd_last is within(first,last]. In such a casestd::ranges::copy can be used instead.
      2) Same as(1), but usesr as the source range, as if usingranges::begin(r) asfirst, andranges::end(r) aslast.

      The function-like entities described on this page arealgorithm function objects (informally known asniebloids), that is:

      Contents

      [edit]Parameters

      first, last - the iterator-sentinel pair defining therange of elements to copy from
      r - the range of the elements to copy from
      d_last - the end of the destination range

      [edit]Return value

      {last, d_last- N}

      [edit]Complexity

      ExactlyN assignments.

      [edit]Notes

      When copying overlapping ranges,ranges::copy is appropriate when copying to the left (beginning of the destination range is outside the source range) whileranges::copy_backward is appropriate when copying to the right (end of the destination range is outside the source range).

      [edit]Possible implementation

      struct copy_backward_fn{template<std::bidirectional_iterator I1,std::sentinel_for<I1> S1,std::bidirectional_iterator I2>    requiresstd::indirectly_copyable<I1, I2>constexpr ranges::copy_backward_result<I1, I2>        operator()(I1 first, S1 last, I2 d_last)const{        I1 last1{ranges::next(first, std::move(last))};for(I1 i{last1}; i!= first;)*--d_last=*--i;return{std::move(last1), std::move(d_last)};} template<ranges::bidirectional_range R,std::bidirectional_iterator I>    requiresstd::indirectly_copyable<ranges::iterator_t<R>, I>constexpr ranges::copy_backward_result<ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R>, I>        operator()(R&& r, I d_last)const{return(*this)(ranges::begin(r),ranges::end(r), std::move(d_last));}}; inlineconstexpr copy_backward_fn copy_backward{};

      [edit]Example

      Run this code
      #include <algorithm>#include <iostream>#include <ranges>#include <string_view>#include <vector> void print(std::string_view rem, std::ranges::forward_rangeautoconst& r){for(std::cout<< rem<<": ";autoconst& elem: r)std::cout<< elem<<' ';std::cout<<'\n';} int main(){constauto src={1,2,3,4};    print("src", src); std::vector<int> dst(src.size()+2);    std::ranges::copy_backward(src, dst.end());    print("dst", dst);     std::ranges::fill(dst,0);constauto[in, out]=        std::ranges::copy_backward(src.begin(), src.end()-2, dst.end());    print("dst", dst); std::cout<<"(in - src.begin) == "<<std::distance(src.begin(), in)<<'\n'<<"(out - dst.begin) == "<<std::distance(dst.begin(), out)<<'\n';}

      Output:

      src: 1 2 3 4dst: 0 0 1 2 3 4dst: 0 0 0 0 1 2(in - src.begin) == 2(out - dst.begin) == 4

      [edit]See also

      copies a range of elements to a new location
      (algorithm function object)[edit]
      copies a number of elements to a new location
      (algorithm function object)[edit]
      copies a range of elements omitting those that satisfy specific criteria
      (algorithm function object)[edit]
      copies a range, replacing elements satisfying specific criteria with another value
      (algorithm function object)[edit]
      creates a copy of a range that is reversed
      (algorithm function object)[edit]
      copies and rotate a range of elements
      (algorithm function object)[edit]
      creates a copy of some range of elements that contains no consecutive duplicates
      (algorithm function object)[edit]
      moves a range of elements to a new location
      (algorithm function object)[edit]
      moves a range of elements to a new location in backwards order
      (algorithm function object)[edit]
      copies a range of elements in backwards order
      (function template)[edit]
      Retrieved from "https://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/algorithm/ranges/copy_backward&oldid=180477"

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