The periodicity and recurrence ofsolar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours).When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry.The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year.Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series.Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses.Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.
Solar eclipses of Saros 119all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 0850 May 15. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 2112 Jun 24. The total duration of Saros series 119 is 1262.11 years.In summary:
First Eclipse = 0850 May 15 12:49:29 TD Last Eclipse = 2112 Jun 24 07:09:53 TD Duration of Saros 119 = 1262.11 Years
Saros 119 is composed of 71 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 119 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 71 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 17 | 23.9% |
| Annular | A | 51 | 71.8% |
| Total | T | 2 | 2.8% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 1 | 1.4% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit).The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 119appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 119 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 54 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 52 | 96.3% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 2 | 3.7% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 71 eclipses in Saros 119: 8P 2T 1H 51A 9P
The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 119 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.
| Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 119 | |||
| Extrema Type | Date | Duration | Magnitude |
| Longest Annular Solar Eclipse | 1625 Sep 01 | 07m37s | - |
| Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse | 1048 Sep 10 | 00m02s | - |
| Longest Total Solar Eclipse | 1012 Aug 20 | 00m32s | - |
| Shortest Total Solar Eclipse | 1012 Aug 20 | 00m32s | - |
| Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | 1030 Aug 31 | 00m18s | - |
| Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | 1030 Aug 31 | 00m18s | - |
| Largest Partial Solar Eclipse | 1968 Mar 28 | - | 0.89901 |
| Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse | 0850 May 15 | - | 0.00660 |
The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 119.A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found inKey to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, seeAnimation of Saros 119.
TD of Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur. s ° ° ° km06787 -36 0850 May 15 12:49:29 2545 -14219 Pb 1.5295 0.0066 63.2N 138.7W 006827 -35 0868 May 25 20:11:13 2411 -13996 P 1.4636 0.1327 64.0N 100.9E 006867 -34 0886 Jun 06 03:28:26 2281 -13773 P 1.3944 0.2647 64.8N 18.7W 006907 -33 0904 Jun 16 10:45:03 2155 -13550 P 1.3251 0.3964 65.8N 138.4W 006947 -32 0922 Jun 27 18:00:27 2034 -13327 P 1.2555 0.5277 66.7N 101.8E 006988 -31 0940 Jul 08 01:16:23 1917 -13104 P 1.1868 0.6564 67.7N 18.5W 007029 -30 0958 Jul 19 08:34:18 1804 -12881 P 1.1204 0.7797 68.7N 139.8W 007069 -29 0976 Jul 29 15:55:20 1696 -12658 P 1.0571 0.8957 69.6N 97.6E 007111 -28 0994 Aug 09 23:21:16 1592 -12435 T+ 0.9985 1.0017 70.5N 26.8W 007153 -271012 Aug 20 06:50:51 1494 -12212 T 0.9437 1.0086 73.0N 143.6E 19 91 00m32s07195 -261030 Aug 31 14:27:31 1399 -11989 H 0.8957 1.0044 64.8N 6.5E 26 34 00m18s07237 -251048 Sep 10 22:09:40 1310 -11766 A 0.8530 0.9995 56.8N 119.9W 31 4 00m02s07281 -241066 Sep 22 05:59:31 1225 -11543 A 0.8173 0.9941 49.7N 115.7E 35 35 00m29s07325 -231084 Oct 02 13:55:25 1144 -11320 A 0.7874 0.9887 43.3N 8.6W 38 64 01m00s07370 -221102 Oct 13 21:59:25 1068 -11097 A 0.7648 0.9833 37.8N 133.9W 40 91 01m35s07415 -211120 Oct 24 06:09:13 996 -10874 A 0.7478 0.9781 33.2N 100.0E 41 117 02m12s07460 -201138 Nov 04 14:24:41 929 -10651 A 0.7362 0.9732 29.4N 27.2W 42 141 02m51s07505 -191156 Nov 14 22:44:29 865 -10428 A 0.7287 0.9687 26.5N 155.2W 43 164 03m28s07550 -181174 Nov 26 07:08:31 806 -10205 A 0.7250 0.9648 24.4N 76.0E 43 185 04m02s07596 -171192 Dec 06 15:33:28 750 -9982 A 0.7228 0.9614 23.1N 52.9W 44 203 04m30s07642 -161210 Dec 17 23:58:47 698 -9759 A 0.7215 0.9585 22.5N 178.1E 44 217 04m51s07688 -151228 Dec 28 08:22:01 649 -9536 A 0.7190 0.9563 22.5N 49.7E 44 227 05m04s07733 -141247 Jan 08 16:43:15 604 -9313 A 0.7154 0.9547 23.1N 78.1W 44 234 05m09s07777 -131265 Jan 19 00:57:35 561 -9090 A 0.7068 0.9538 23.9N 156.0E 45 234 05m08s07820 -121283 Jan 30 09:06:55 521 -8867 A 0.6948 0.9533 25.1N 31.5E 46 232 05m02s07863 -111301 Feb 09 17:06:50 484 -8644 A 0.6757 0.9533 26.4N 90.3W 47 226 04m53s07905 -101319 Feb 21 00:59:44 449 -8421 A 0.6516 0.9537 28.0N 150.1E 49 218 04m42s07946 -091337 Mar 03 08:40:41 417 -8198 A 0.6182 0.9543 29.5N 34.1E 52 207 04m32s07987 -081355 Mar 14 16:13:55 386 -7975 A 0.5792 0.9552 31.2N 79.3W 54 196 04m22s08028 -071373 Mar 24 23:35:23 357 -7752 A 0.5311 0.9561 32.7N 170.9E 58 186 04m15s08070 -061391 Apr 05 06:47:41 330 -7529 A 0.4761 0.9570 33.9N 64.2E 61 176 04m11s08110 -051409 Apr 15 13:49:19 305 -7306 A 0.4130 0.9577 34.6N 39.1W 65 168 04m11s08150 -041427 Apr 26 20:43:40 281 -7083 A 0.3444 0.9583 34.7N 140.2W 70 161 04m15s08190 -031445 May 07 03:29:38 258 -6860 A 0.2692 0.9585 33.8N 121.2E 74 157 04m24s08230 -021463 May 18 10:08:52 236 -6637 A 0.1890 0.9584 31.9N 24.2E 79 154 04m38s08270 -011481 May 28 16:42:59 215 -6414 Am 0.1053 0.9577 28.8N 71.9W 84 155 04m57s08310 001499 Jun 08 23:13:39 196 -6191 A 0.0195 0.9567 24.7N 167.8W 89 158 05m22s08352 011517 Jun 19 05:41:31 178 -5968 A-0.0683 0.9552 19.5N 96.1E 86 164 05m50s08393 021535 Jun 30 12:08:20 162 -5745 A-0.1565 0.9533 13.5N 0.6W 81 173 06m19s08434 031553 Jul 10 18:36:34 147 -5522 A-0.2430 0.9509 6.8N 98.5W 76 185 06m46s
TD of Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur. s ° ° ° km08475 041571 Jul 22 01:07:18 134 -5299 A-0.3266 0.9481 0.5S 162.1E 71 201 07m08s08516 051589 Aug 11 07:41:04 124 -5076 A-0.4072 0.9450 8.2S 61.4E 66 221 07m24s08557 061607 Aug 22 14:20:48 110 -4853 A-0.4824 0.9416 16.1S 41.4W 61 245 07m34s08601 071625 Sep 01 21:06:57 86 -4630 A-0.5520 0.9380 24.2S 146.4W 56 274 07m37s08646 081643 Sep 13 04:01:21 58 -4407 A-0.6145 0.9343 32.3S 106.3E 52 307 07m35s08691 091661 Sep 23 11:02:34 33 -4184 A-0.6711 0.9306 40.3S 3.0W 48 347 07m29s08737 101679 Oct 04 18:13:56 15 -3961 A-0.7191 0.9270 48.0S 114.9W 44 391 07m21s08782 111697 Oct 15 01:33:41 8 -3738 A-0.7603 0.9236 55.5S 131.2E 40 441 07m12s08827 121715 Oct 27 09:02:48 10 -3515 A-0.7939 0.9206 62.5S 15.5E 37 494 07m02s08872 131733 Nov 06 16:40:15 11 -3292 A-0.8208 0.9179 69.0S 101.2W 34 548 06m53s08918 141751 Nov 18 00:26:00 13 -3069 A-0.8411 0.9159 74.9S 142.8E 32 597 06m45s08963 151769 Nov 28 08:18:40 16 -2846 A-0.8559 0.9144 80.0S 32.0E 31 638 06m38s09009 161787 Dec 09 16:15:38 16 -2623 A-0.8675 0.9136 83.4S 62.7W 29 672 06m32s09055 171805 Dec 21 00:17:38 12 -2400 A-0.8751 0.9134 83.1S 143.8W 29 692 06m26s09100 181824 Jan 01 08:21:09 10 -2177 A-0.8821 0.9139 79.9S 116.2E 28 705 06m21s09144 191842 Jan 11 16:25:41 5 -1954 A-0.8882 0.9151 75.8S 1.4E 27 710 06m15s09187 201860 Jan 23 00:27:31 8 -1731 A-0.8969 0.9168 71.8S 117.2W 26 719 06m07s09229 211878 Feb 02 08:27:52 -5 -1508 A-0.9071 0.9191 67.9S 122.4E 24 729 05m59s09271 221896 Feb 13 16:23:13 -6 -1285 A-0.9220 0.9218 64.6S 3.5E 22 761 05m48s09313 231914 Feb 2500:13:01 16 -1062 A-0.9416 0.9248 62.1S 113.3W 19 83905m35s09356 241932 Mar 0707:55:50 24 -839 A-0.9673 0.9277 60.7S 134.4E 14 108305m19s09398 25 1950 Mar 1815:32:01 29 -616 A--0.9988 0.9620 60.9S 40.9E 009438 26 1968 Mar 2823:00:30 38 -393 P-1.0370 0.8990 61.0S 79.8W 009478 27 1986 Apr 0906:21:22 55 -170 P-1.0822 0.8236 61.2S 161.4E 009517 28 2004 Apr 1913:35:05 65 53 P-1.1335 0.7367 61.6S 44.3E 009557 29 2022 Apr 3020:42:36 73 276 P-1.1901 0.6396 62.1S 71.5W 009597 30 2040 May 1103:43:02 85 499 P-1.2529 0.5306 62.8S 174.4E 009637 31 2058 May 2210:39:25 110 722 P-1.3194 0.4141 63.5S 61.1E 009678 32 2076 Jun 0117:31:22 149 945 P-1.3897 0.2897 64.4S 51.2W 009719 33 2094 Jun 1300:22:11 190 1168 P-1.4613 0.1618 65.3S 163.6W 009760 34 2112 Jun 24 07:09:53 232 1391 Pe-1.5356 0.0282 66.3S 84.4E 0
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, seeCalendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ).This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988].The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see:Solar and Lunar Ephemerides.The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations inEarth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed asΔT and is determined as follows:
A series ofpolynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. Theuncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses.
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The information presented on this web page is based on data published inFive Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 andFive Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing inFive Millennium Canon byDan McGlaun. TheBesselian elements were provided byJean Meeus.Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"
