The periodicity and recurrence ofsolar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours).When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry.The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year.Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series.Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses.Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.
Solar eclipses of Saros 149all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 1664 Aug 21. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 2926 Sep 28. The total duration of Saros series 149 is 1262.11 years.In summary:
First Eclipse = 1664 Aug 21 08:58:23 TD Last Eclipse = 2926 Sep 28 04:26:34 TD Duration of Saros 149 = 1262.11 Years
Saros 149 is composed of 71 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 149 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 71 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 28 | 39.4% |
| Annular | A | 23 | 32.4% |
| Total | T | 17 | 23.9% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 3 | 4.2% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit).The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 149appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 149 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 43 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 42 | 97.7% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 1 | 2.3% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 71 eclipses in Saros 149: 21P 17T 3H 23A 7P
The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 149 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.
| Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 149 | |||
| Extrema Type | Date | Duration | Magnitude |
| Longest Annular Solar Eclipse | 2764 Jun 21 | 05m06s | - |
| Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse | 2403 Nov 15 | 00m33s | - |
| Longest Total Solar Eclipse | 2205 Jul 17 | 04m10s | - |
| Shortest Total Solar Eclipse | 2331 Oct 02 | 01m55s | - |
| Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | 2349 Oct 13 | 01m18s | - |
| Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | 2385 Nov 03 | 00m03s | - |
| Largest Partial Solar Eclipse | 2025 Mar 29 | - | 0.93759 |
| Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse | 2926 Sep 28 | - | 0.06550 |
The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 149.A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found inKey to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, seeAnimation of Saros 149.
TD of Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur. s ° ° ° km08698 -37 1664 Aug 21 08:58:23 29 -4148 Pb 1.4870 0.0844 71.0N 173.8E 008744 -36 1682 Sep 01 16:42:24 13 -3925 P 1.4279 0.1978 71.5N 44.3E 008789 -35 1700 Sep 13 00:34:18 8 -3702 P 1.3749 0.2996 71.9N 87.6W 008834 -34 1718 Sep 24 08:34:20 10 -3479 P 1.3282 0.3889 72.0N 138.3E 008880 -33 1736 Oct 04 16:41:34 11 -3256 P 1.2874 0.4670 71.9N 2.4E 008926 -32 1754 Oct 16 00:57:46 14 -3033 P 1.2535 0.5314 71.5N 135.5W 008971 -31 1772 Oct 26 09:21:18 16 -2810 P 1.2255 0.5846 70.9N 85.1E 009017 -30 1790 Nov 06 17:53:11 16 -2587 P 1.2044 0.6245 70.1N 55.8W 009062 -29 1808 Nov 18 02:30:03 12 -2364 P 1.1874 0.6564 69.2N 162.6E 009107 -28 1826 Nov 29 11:14:08 9 -2141 P 1.1764 0.6770 68.2N 19.9E 009151 -27 1844 Dec 09 20:01:39 6 -1918 P 1.1682 0.6924 67.1N 123.0W 009194 -26 1862 Dec 21 04:53:03 7 -1695 P 1.1633 0.7016 66.0N 93.6E 009236 -25 1880 Dec 31 13:45:01 -5 -1472 P 1.1591 0.7096 65.0N 49.5W 009278 -24 1899 Jan 11 22:38:02 -4 -1249 P 1.1558 0.7158 64.0N 167.5E 009320 -23 1917 Jan 2307:28:31 19 -1026 P 1.1508 0.7254 63.2N 25.6E 009363 -22 1935 Feb 0316:16:20 24 -803 P 1.1438 0.7390 62.5N 115.4W 009404 -21 1953 Feb 1400:59:30 30 -580 P 1.1331 0.7596 61.9N 104.9E 009444 -20 1971 Feb 2509:38:07 41 -357 P 1.1188 0.7872 61.4N 33.5W 009484 -19 1989 Mar 0718:08:41 56 -134 P 1.0981 0.8268 61.2N 169.8W 009523 -18 2007 Mar 1902:32:57 65 89 P 1.0728 0.8756 61.0N 55.5E 009563 -17 2025 Mar 2910:48:36 75 312 P 1.0405 0.9376 61.1N 77.1W 009603 -16 2043 Apr 0918:57:49 87 535 T+ 1.0031 1.0095 61.3N 152.0E 009644 -152061 Apr 2002:56:49 116 758 T 0.9578 1.0475 64.5N 59.2E 16 55902m37s09685 -142079 May 0110:50:13 155 981 T 0.9081 1.0512 66.2N 46.3W 24 40602m55s09726 -132097 May 1118:34:31 196 1204 T 0.8516 1.0538 67.4N 149.5W 31 33903m10s09767 -122115 May 24 02:13:56 239 1427 T 0.7912 1.0557 67.8N 109.4E 37 301 03m24s09807 -112133 Jun 03 09:45:16 285 1650 T 0.7247 1.0567 66.6N 10.7E 43 272 03m36s09849 -102151 Jun 14 17:13:45 331 1873 T 0.6561 1.0569 63.7N 89.4W 49 249 03m48s09891 -092169 Jun 25 00:37:09 370 2096 T 0.5841 1.0562 59.2N 168.6E 54 229 03m58s09935 -082187 Jul 06 07:58:31 412 2319 T 0.5109 1.0548 53.6N 63.8E 59 211 04m06s09980 -072205 Jul 17 15:18:00 455 2542 T 0.4367 1.0525 47.2N 43.0W 64 193 04m10s10024 -062223 Jul 28 22:38:03 500 2765 T 0.3636 1.0495 40.2N 151.7W 68 176 04m09s10068 -052241 Aug 08 05:59:21 548 2988 T 0.2920 1.0457 32.9N 98.0E 73 159 04m02s10113 -042259 Aug 19 13:22:17 597 3211 T 0.2226 1.0412 25.3N 13.6W 77 141 03m49s10158 -032277 Aug 29 20:49:11 649 3434 T 0.1573 1.0362 17.8N 126.7W 81 123 03m28s10204 -022295 Sep 10 04:20:19 703 3657 Tm 0.0963 1.0307 10.3N 118.9E 84 104 03m01s10249 -012313 Sep 21 11:57:00 758 3880 T 0.0405 1.0249 3.0N 3.0E 88 85 02m30s10294 002331 Oct 02 19:39:16 816 4103 T-0.0097 1.0188 4.0S 114.2W 89 64 01m55s10340 012349 Oct 13 03:28:54 876 4326 H-0.0532 1.0126 10.6S 127.2E 87 43 01m18s10385 022367 Oct 24 11:25:04 938 4549 H-0.0902 1.0065 16.7S 7.3E 85 22 00m40s
TD of Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur. s ° ° ° km10429 032385 Nov 03 19:27:30 1002 4772 H-0.1212 1.0004 22.1S 113.5W 83 2 00m03s10473 042403 Nov 15 03:36:25 1068 4995 A-0.1461 0.9947 26.8S 124.9E 81 19 00m33s10516 052421 Nov 25 11:51:41 1136 5218 A-0.1652 0.9893 30.4S 2.4E 80 38 01m06s10559 062439 Dec 06 20:11:47 1207 5441 A-0.1794 0.9844 33.0S 120.5W 79 56 01m36s10602 072457 Dec 17 04:35:27 1279 5664 A-0.1900 0.9799 34.4S 116.2E 79 73 02m04s10645 082475 Dec 28 13:01:54 1354 5887 A-0.1977 0.9760 34.7S 7.6W 78 87 02m27s10687 092494 Jan 07 21:30:21 1430 6110 A-0.2034 0.9727 33.7S 132.0W 78 100 02m46s10729 102512 Jan 20 05:57:20 1509 6333 A-0.2096 0.9700 31.9S 103.6E 78 110 03m02s10769 112530 Jan 30 14:23:10 1589 6556 A-0.2163 0.9678 29.3S 21.0W 77 119 03m14s10809 122548 Feb 10 22:44:25 1672 6779 A-0.2262 0.9662 26.3S 144.9W 77 125 03m23s10849 132566 Feb 21 07:01:44 1757 7002 A-0.2388 0.9650 22.9S 91.8E 76 130 03m30s10889 142584 Mar 03 15:10:31 1844 7225 A-0.2580 0.9643 19.6S 29.8W 75 133 03m36s10930 152602 Mar 15 23:13:25 1932 7448 A-0.2814 0.9638 16.4S 150.0W 74 136 03m41s10971 162620 Mar 26 07:06:11 2023 7671 A-0.3125 0.9636 13.7S 92.2E 72 138 03m46s11012 172638 Apr 06 14:50:17 2117 7894 A-0.3500 0.9635 11.6S 23.4W 69 140 03m52s11052 182656 Apr 16 22:23:12 2212 8117 A-0.3957 0.9633 10.5S 136.2W 67 143 04m00s11093 192674 Apr 28 05:47:47 2309 8340 A-0.4477 0.9631 10.2S 113.0E 63 147 04m09s11135 202692 May 08 13:02:03 2408 8563 A-0.5074 0.9627 11.2S 4.8E 59 155 04m21s11177 212710 May 20 20:07:03 2510 8786 A-0.5738 0.9620 13.6S 101.3W 55 166 04m34s11219 222728 May 31 03:03:54 2613 9009 A-0.6458 0.9608 17.4S 154.2E 50 185 04m48s11262 232746 Jun 11 09:53:44 2718 9232 A-0.7226 0.9591 22.8S 50.8E 44 214 04m59s11307 242764 Jun 21 16:37:03 2826 9455 A-0.8039 0.9568 30.2S 51.7W 36 265 05m06s11351 252782 Jul 02 23:15:18 2936 9678 A-0.8886 0.9534 40.2S 154.2W 27 373 05m06s11396 262800 Jul 13 05:50:34 3047 9901 A-0.9747 0.9483 56.1S 101.0E 12 893 04m52s11441 27 2818 Jul 24 12:24:20 3161 10124 P-1.0608 0.8615 69.2S 11.7W 011486 28 2836 Aug 03 18:56:34 3277 10347 P-1.1473 0.7116 70.1S 121.4W 011532 29 2854 Aug 15 01:31:02 3395 10570 P-1.2310 0.5673 70.9S 127.9E 011578 30 2872 Aug 25 08:07:26 3515 10793 P-1.3122 0.4279 71.5S 16.1E 011625 31 2890 Sep 05 14:49:00 3637 11016 P-1.3883 0.2981 72.0S 97.5W 011672 32 2908 Sep 16 21:33:42 3761 11239 P-1.4611 0.1750 72.2S 147.8E 011717 33 2926 Sep 28 04:26:34 3887 11462 Pe-1.5263 0.0655 72.2S 31.0E 0
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, seeCalendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ).This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988].The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see:Solar and Lunar Ephemerides.The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations inEarth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed asΔT and is determined as follows:
A series ofpolynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. Theuncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses.
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The information presented on this web page is based on data published inFive Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 andFive Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing inFive Millennium Canon byDan McGlaun. TheBesselian elements were provided byJean Meeus.Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"
