The periodicity and recurrence ofsolar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours).When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry.The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year.Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series.Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses.Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.
Solar eclipses of Saros 141all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 1613 May 19. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 2857 Jun 13. The total duration of Saros series 141 is 1244.08 years.In summary:
First Eclipse = 1613 May 19 17:43:36 TD Last Eclipse = 2857 Jun 13 09:35:05 TD Duration of Saros 141 = 1244.08 Years
Saros 141 is composed of 70 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 141 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 70 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 29 | 41.4% |
| Annular | A | 41 | 58.6% |
| Total | T | 0 | 0.0% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 0 | 0.0% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit).The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 141appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 141 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 41 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 41 | 100.0% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 70 eclipses in Saros 141: 7P 41A 22P
The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 141 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.
| Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 141 | |||
| Extrema Type | Date | Duration | Magnitude |
| Longest Annular Solar Eclipse | 1955 Dec 14 | 12m09s | - |
| Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse | 2442 Oct 04 | 01m08s | - |
| Largest Partial Solar Eclipse | 2478 Oct 26 | - | 0.96448 |
| Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse | 2857 Jun 13 | - | 0.06372 |
The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 141.A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found inKey to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, seeAnimation of Saros 141.
TD of Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur. s ° ° ° km08570 -33 1613 May 19 17:43:36 103 -4782 Pb 1.5171 0.0712 63.3N 137.6E 008614 -32 1631 May 31 00:25:37 77 -4559 P 1.4433 0.1996 64.1N 27.6E 008659 -31 1649 Jun 10 07:02:37 50 -4336 P 1.3657 0.3345 65.0N 81.5W 008705 -30 1667 Jun 21 13:36:07 26 -4113 P 1.2858 0.4732 65.9N 170.1E 008750 -29 1685 Jul 01 20:06:07 11 -3890 P 1.2030 0.6163 66.9N 62.2E 008795 -28 1703 Jul 14 02:36:34 9 -3667 P 1.1206 0.7580 67.9N 46.3W 008840 -27 1721 Jul 24 09:06:55 10 -3444 P 1.0382 0.8990 68.9N 155.2W 008886 -261739 Aug 04 15:40:56 11 -3221 A 0.9588 0.9408 79.9N 42.9E 16 801 03m59s08932 -251757 Aug 14 22:16:45 14 -2998 A 0.8807 0.9407 71.6N 113.5W 28 467 04m36s08977 -241775 Aug 26 04:59:40 16 -2775 A 0.8088 0.9391 61.3N 132.0E 36 383 05m16s09023 -231793 Sep 05 11:47:24 16 -2552 A 0.7407 0.9370 51.7N 23.0E 42 347 06m02s09068 -221811 Sep 17 18:43:45 12 -2329 A 0.6798 0.9345 43.0N 85.9W 47 330 06m51s09113 -211829 Sep 28 01:46:53 8 -2106 A 0.6243 0.9317 34.9N 164.3E 51 323 07m43s09157 -201847 Oct 09 09:00:23 7 -1883 A 0.5774 0.9290 27.7N 52.8E 55 323 08m35s09200 -191865 Oct 19 16:21:14 5 -1660 A 0.5366 0.9263 21.3N 60.2W 57 326 09m27s09242 -181883 Oct 30 23:50:54 -6 -1437 A 0.5030 0.9238 15.6N 174.9W 60 331 10m17s09284 -171901 Nov 1107:28:21 -0 -1214 A 0.4758 0.9216 10.8N 68.9E 62 33611m01s09327 -161919 Nov 2215:14:12 21 -991 A 0.4549 0.9198 6.9N 48.9W 63 34111m37s09370 -151937 Dec 0223:05:45 24 -768 A 0.4389 0.9184 4.0N 167.8W 64 34412m00s09411 -141955 Dec 1407:02:25 31 -545 A 0.4266 0.9176 2.1N 72.2E 65 34612m09s09451 -131973 Dec 2415:02:44 44 -322 A 0.4171 0.9174 1.1N 48.5W 65 34512m02s09490 -121992 Jan 0423:05:37 58 -99 A 0.4091 0.9179 1.0N 169.7W 66 34011m41s09529 -112010 Jan 1507:07:39 67 124 A 0.4002 0.9190 1.6N 69.3E 66 33311m08s09569 -102028 Jan 2615:08:59 76 347 A 0.3901 0.9208 3.0N 51.5W 67 32310m27s09609 -092046 Feb 0523:06:26 90 570 A 0.3765 0.9232 4.8N 171.4W 68 31009m42s09650 -082064 Feb 1707:00:23 122 793 A 0.3597 0.9262 7.0N 69.7E 69 29508m56s09691 -072082 Feb 2714:47:00 162 1016 A 0.3361 0.9298 9.4N 47.1W 70 27708m12s09733 -062100 Mar 1022:28:11 203 1239 A 0.3077 0.9338 12.0N 162.4W 72 25707m29s09774 -052118 Mar 22 06:00:55 246 1462 A 0.2719 0.9382 14.3N 84.7E 74 237 06m50s09815 -042136 Apr 01 13:26:19 292 1685 A 0.2295 0.9430 16.5N 26.0W 77 216 06m14s09857 -032154 Apr 12 20:43:01 337 1908 A 0.1794 0.9478 18.2N 134.2W 80 195 05m42s09899 -022172 Apr 23 03:53:15 377 2131 A 0.1234 0.9528 19.2N 119.6E 83 174 05m12s09943 -012190 May 04 10:56:30 418 2354 A 0.0608 0.9577 19.4N 15.4E 86 154 04m45s09988 002208 May 15 17:53:06 462 2577 A-0.0080 0.9625 18.7N 87.0W 90 136 04m19s10031 012226 May 27 00:45:11 508 2800 A-0.0810 0.9670 16.8N 171.5E 85 119 03m55s10075 022244 Jun 06 07:33:12 555 3023 Am-0.1581 0.9712 13.8N 70.7E 81 105 03m31s10120 032262 Jun 17 14:19:15 605 3246 A-0.2377 0.9750 9.8N 30.2W 76 92 03m08s10165 042280 Jun 27 21:03:21 657 3469 A-0.3197 0.9784 4.6N 131.2W 71 81 02m45s10211 052298 Jul 09 03:49:02 711 3692 A-0.4012 0.9811 1.4S 126.5E 66 73 02m23s10256 062316 Jul 20 10:36:18 767 3915 A-0.4819 0.9834 8.1S 23.1E 61 67 02m03s
TD of Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur. s ° ° ° km10302 072334 Jul 31 17:26:33 825 4138 A-0.5608 0.9851 15.6S 81.8W 56 64 01m45s10348 082352 Aug 11 00:21:35 886 4361 A-0.6366 0.9862 23.6S 171.2E 50 63 01m32s10393 092370 Aug 22 07:22:21 948 4584 A-0.7082 0.9867 32.0S 62.0E 45 66 01m22s10436 102388 Sep 01 14:30:25 1012 4807 A-0.7744 0.9867 40.7S 50.1W 39 73 01m15s10480 112406 Sep 12 21:45:23 1079 5030 A-0.8356 0.9862 49.6S 165.5W 33 88 01m11s10523 122424 Sep 23 05:09:46 1147 5253 A-0.8896 0.9853 58.6S 74.1E 27 114 01m08s10566 132442 Oct 04 12:43:00 1218 5476 A-0.9371 0.9838 67.2S 54.7W 20 166 01m08s10609 142460 Oct 14 20:25:57 1291 5699 A-0.9775 0.9817 73.9S 156.1E 11 328 01m09s10651 15 2478 Oct 26 04:18:22 1365 5922 P-1.0109 0.9645 71.0S 13.3W 010693 16 2496 Nov 05 12:20:23 1442 6145 P-1.0373 0.9173 70.2S 146.4W 010735 17 2514 Nov 17 20:31:22 1521 6368 P-1.0572 0.8818 69.3S 78.9E 010776 18 2532 Nov 28 04:49:26 1602 6591 P-1.0722 0.8553 68.3S 57.0W 010816 19 2550 Dec 09 13:15:41 1685 6814 P-1.0815 0.8390 67.2S 165.7E 010856 20 2568 Dec 19 21:47:01 1770 7037 P-1.0877 0.8284 66.2S 27.6E 010896 21 2586 Dec 31 06:23:26 1857 7260 P-1.0903 0.8243 65.1S 111.3W 010937 22 2605 Jan 11 15:01:06 1947 7483 P-1.0928 0.8207 64.2S 110.0E 010978 23 2623 Jan 22 23:41:24 2038 7706 P-1.0937 0.8199 63.3S 29.1W 011018 24 2641 Feb 02 08:20:04 2131 7929 P-1.0971 0.8150 62.6S 167.5W 011058 25 2659 Feb 13 16:57:15 2227 8152 P-1.1020 0.8073 62.0S 54.6E 011099 26 2677 Feb 24 01:29:55 2324 8375 P-1.1113 0.7915 61.6S 81.9W 011141 27 2695 Mar 07 09:58:56 2424 8598 P-1.1242 0.7693 61.3S 142.5E 011183 28 2713 Mar 18 18:21:32 2526 8821 P-1.1428 0.7362 61.2S 8.6E 011225 29 2731 Mar 30 02:38:14 2629 9044 P-1.1669 0.6925 61.2S 123.8W 011268 30 2749 Apr 09 10:47:47 2735 9267 P-1.1976 0.6362 61.5S 105.6E 011313 31 2767 Apr 20 18:51:20 2843 9490 P-1.2335 0.5694 61.8S 23.6W 011357 32 2785 May 01 02:47:04 2953 9713 P-1.2764 0.4886 62.3S 151.0W 011402 33 2803 May 12 10:37:20 3065 9936 P-1.3244 0.3976 63.0S 82.7E 011447 34 2821 May 22 18:21:01 3179 10159 P-1.3779 0.2949 63.8S 42.0W 011492 35 2839 Jun 03 02:01:17 3295 10382 P-1.4350 0.1847 64.6S 166.2W 011538 36 2857 Jun 13 09:35:05 3414 10605 Pe-1.4973 0.0637 65.5S 70.9E 0
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, seeCalendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ).This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988].The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see:Solar and Lunar Ephemerides.The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations inEarth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed asΔT and is determined as follows:
A series ofpolynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. Theuncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses.
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The information presented on this web page is based on data published inFive Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 andFive Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing inFive Millennium Canon byDan McGlaun. TheBesselian elements were provided byJean Meeus.Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"
