The periodicity and recurrence ofsolar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours).When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry.The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year.Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series.Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses.Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.
Solar eclipses of Saros 133all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 1219 Jul 13. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 2499 Sep 05. The total duration of Saros series 133 is 1280.14 years.In summary:
First Eclipse = 1219 Jul 13 08:23:41 TD Last Eclipse = 2499 Sep 05 22:05:19 TD Duration of Saros 133 = 1280.14 Years
Saros 133 is composed of 72 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 133 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 72 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 19 | 26.4% |
| Annular | A | 6 | 8.3% |
| Total | T | 46 | 63.9% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 1 | 1.4% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit).The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 133appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 133 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 53 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 51 | 96.2% |
| Central (one limit) | 1 | 1.9% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 1 | 1.9% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 72 eclipses in Saros 133: 12P 6A 1H 46T 7P
The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 133 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.
| Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 133 | |||
| Extrema Type | Date | Duration | Magnitude |
| Longest Annular Solar Eclipse | 1453 Nov 30 | 01m14s | - |
| Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse | 1526 Jan 13 | 00m07s | - |
| Longest Total Solar Eclipse | 1850 Aug 07 | 06m50s | - |
| Shortest Total Solar Eclipse | 1562 Feb 03 | 00m41s | - |
| Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | 1544 Jan 24 | 00m16s | - |
| Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse | 1544 Jan 24 | 00m16s | - |
| Largest Partial Solar Eclipse | 1417 Nov 08 | - | 0.96705 |
| Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse | 1219 Jul 13 | - | 0.03082 |
The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 133.A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found inKey to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, seeAnimation of Saros 133.
TD of Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur. s ° ° ° km07664 -35 1219 Jul 13 08:23:41 674 -9653 Pb 1.5337 0.0308 68.4N 137.2W 007710 -34 1237 Jul 23 15:20:43 627 -9430 P 1.4562 0.1681 69.4N 106.7E 007755 -33 1255 Aug 03 22:23:39 583 -9207 P 1.3823 0.2996 70.2N 11.5W 007799 -32 1273 Aug 14 05:35:26 542 -8984 P 1.3146 0.4205 71.0N 132.5W 007842 -31 1291 Aug 25 12:55:31 503 -8761 P 1.2525 0.5314 71.6N 103.8E 007884 -30 1309 Sep 04 20:25:26 467 -8538 P 1.1974 0.6300 72.0N 22.7W 007925 -29 1327 Sep 16 04:04:29 434 -8315 P 1.1489 0.7168 72.1N 151.8W 007966 -28 1345 Sep 26 11:53:53 402 -8092 P 1.1079 0.7902 72.0N 76.5E 008007 -27 1363 Oct 07 19:52:55 372 -7869 P 1.0741 0.8507 71.6N 57.4W 008048 -26 1381 Oct 18 04:00:20 344 -7646 P 1.0464 0.9004 71.0N 167.1E 008089 -25 1399 Oct 29 12:17:08 318 -7423 P 1.0256 0.9380 70.2N 29.8E 008129 -24 1417 Nov 08 20:41:02 293 -7200 P 1.0097 0.9670 69.2N 108.6W 008169 -23 1435 Nov 20 05:12:02 269 -6977 A+ 0.9991 0.9868 68.2N 111.8E 008209 -221453 Nov 30 13:46:17 247 -6754 A 0.9903 0.9842 60.4N 27.7W 7 469 01m14s08248 -211471 Dec 11 22:25:20 226 -6531 A 0.9849 0.9871 57.1N 165.0W 9 287 01m02s08288 -201489 Dec 22 07:04:57 206 -6308 A 0.9791 0.9904 54.6N 58.8E 11 175 00m47s08329 -191508 Jan 02 15:45:09 188 -6085 A 0.9732 0.9941 52.8N 77.0W 13 92 00m28s08371 -181526 Jan 13 00:22:31 170 -5862 A 0.9644 0.9985 51.0N 148.8E 15 19 00m07s08413 -171544 Jan 24 08:57:45 155 -5639 H 0.9533 1.0035 49.7N 16.0E 17 40 00m16s08454 -161562 Feb 03 17:27:33 141 -5416 T 0.9373 1.0091 48.6N 114.5W 20 89 00m41s08495 -151580 Feb 15 01:52:13 129 -5193 T 0.9164 1.0151 47.9N 117.3E 23 127 01m07s08536 -141598 Mar 07 10:10:01 119 -4970 T 0.8893 1.0214 47.7N 8.2W 27 156 01m33s08577 -131616 Mar 17 18:21:45 99 -4747 T 0.8568 1.0279 48.0N 131.4W 31 180 01m58s08621 -121634 Mar 29 02:25:11 73 -4524 T 0.8169 1.0346 48.7N 108.6E 35 198 02m24s08666 -111652 Apr 08 10:22:28 46 -4301 T 0.7713 1.0412 49.6N 8.9W 39 213 02m49s08712 -101670 Apr 19 18:12:20 23 -4078 T 0.7191 1.0476 50.6N 123.3W 44 225 03m15s08757 -091688 Apr 30 01:57:34 10 -3855 T 0.6621 1.0535 51.4N 124.4E 48 234 03m40s08802 -081706 May 12 09:35:09 9 -3632 T 0.5984 1.0591 51.5N 15.2E 53 242 04m06s08847 -071724 May 22 17:10:09 10 -3409 T 0.5318 1.0640 50.8N 92.9W 58 247 04m33s08893 -061742 Jun 03 00:39:57 12 -3186 T 0.4607 1.0683 49.0N 160.2E 62 251 05m00s08939 -051760 Jun 13 08:09:15 14 -2963 T 0.3883 1.0719 46.0N 52.7E 67 254 05m27s08985 -041778 Jun 24 15:34:56 17 -2740 T 0.3127 1.0746 41.8N 55.0W 72 255 05m52s09031 -031796 Jul 04 23:02:54 15 -2517 T 0.2385 1.0764 36.8N 164.6W 76 255 06m15s09076 -021814 Jul 17 06:30:29 12 -2294 T 0.1641 1.0774 30.9N 84.7E 80 254 06m33s09121 -011832 Jul 27 14:01:06 6 -2071 T 0.0919 1.0776 24.5N 27.9W 85 252 06m46s09165 001850 Aug 07 21:33:54 7 -1848 T 0.0215 1.0769 17.7N 141.8W 89 249 06m50s09207 011868 Aug 18 05:12:10 2 -1625 Tm-0.0443 1.0756 10.6N 102.2E 88 245 06m47s09249 021886 Aug 29 12:55:23 -6 -1402 T-0.1059 1.0735 3.5N 15.3W 84 240 06m36s09291 031904 Sep 0920:44:21 3 -1179 T-0.1625 1.0709 3.7S 134.5W 81 23406m20s09333 041922 Sep 2104:40:31 23 -956 T-0.2130 1.0678 10.7S 104.5E 78 22605m59s
TD of Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur. s ° ° ° km09376 051940 Oct 0112:44:06 25 -733 T-0.2573 1.0645 17.5S 18.2W 75 21805m35s09417 061958 Oct 1220:55:28 33 -510 T-0.2951 1.0608 24.0S 142.4W 73 20905m11s09457 071976 Oct 2305:13:45 47 -287 T-0.3270 1.0572 30.0S 92.3E 71 19904m46s09496 081994 Nov 0313:40:06 61 -64 T-0.3522 1.0535 35.4S 34.2W 69 18904m23s09536 092012 Nov 1322:12:55 68 159 T-0.3719 1.0500 40.0S 161.3W 68 17904m02s09576 102030 Nov 2506:51:37 78 382 T-0.3867 1.0468 43.6S 71.2E 67 16903m44s09616 112048 Dec 0515:35:27 92 605 T-0.3973 1.0440 46.1S 56.4W 66 16003m28s09657 122066 Dec 1700:23:40 128 828 T-0.4043 1.0416 47.4S 175.8E 66 15203m14s09698 132084 Dec 2709:13:48 168 1051 T-0.4094 1.0396 47.3S 47.7E 66 14603m04s09739 142103 Jan 08 18:04:21 210 1274 T-0.4140 1.0381 46.1S 80.8W 65 140 02m57s09780 152121 Jan 19 02:54:15 253 1497 T-0.4190 1.0371 43.9S 150.1E 65 137 02m52s09821 162139 Jan 30 11:42:25 299 1720 T-0.4255 1.0364 41.0S 20.7E 65 135 02m49s09863 172157 Feb 09 20:25:36 343 1943 T-0.4358 1.0362 37.7S 108.4W 64 135 02m49s09906 182175 Feb 21 05:04:24 383 2166 T-0.4495 1.0362 34.2S 122.9E 63 135 02m50s09950 192193 Mar 03 13:36:08 425 2389 T-0.4689 1.0365 30.9S 4.4W 62 137 02m53s09995 202211 Mar 15 22:01:40 469 2612 T-0.4931 1.0368 27.8S 130.6W 60 140 02m57s10039 212229 Mar 26 06:17:35 515 2835 T-0.5251 1.0371 25.5S 105.5E 58 144 03m02s10083 222247 Apr 06 14:26:51 563 3058 T-0.5624 1.0372 23.8S 16.9W 56 149 03m07s10128 232265 Apr 16 22:26:19 613 3281 T-0.6073 1.0371 23.1S 136.8W 52 154 03m11s10173 242283 Apr 28 06:18:21 666 3504 T-0.6581 1.0366 23.6S 105.0E 49 160 03m13s10218 252301 May 09 14:00:59 720 3727 T-0.7161 1.0354 25.5S 11.0W 44 168 03m10s10263 262319 May 20 21:37:23 776 3950 T-0.7786 1.0336 29.0S 125.8W 39 178 03m02s10308 272337 May 31 05:05:56 835 4173 T-0.8470 1.0309 34.6S 121.2E 32 195 02m46s10354 282355 Jun 11 12:28:18 895 4396 T-0.9196 1.0269 43.3S 9.2E 23 233 02m18s10399 292373 Jun 21 19:45:29 958 4619 Ts-0.9954 1.0191 62.7S 100.1W 3 - 01m24s10442 30 2391 Jul 03 02:58:53 1023 4842 P-1.0732 0.8664 67.1S 143.0E 010486 31 2409 Jul 13 10:09:33 1089 5065 P-1.1523 0.7186 68.1S 24.6E 010529 32 2427 Jul 24 17:18:10 1158 5288 P-1.2318 0.5709 69.1S 93.7W 010572 33 2445 Aug 04 00:27:22 1229 5511 P-1.3097 0.4272 70.0S 147.3E 010615 34 2463 Aug 15 07:37:35 1302 5734 P-1.3853 0.2892 70.8S 27.4E 010657 35 2481 Aug 25 14:49:25 1377 5957 P-1.4585 0.1568 71.4S 93.5W 010699 36 2499 Sep 05 22:05:19 1454 6180 Pe-1.5273 0.0340 71.9S 144.2E 0
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, seeCalendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ).This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988].The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see:Solar and Lunar Ephemerides.The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations inEarth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed asΔT and is determined as follows:
A series ofpolynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. Theuncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses.
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The information presented on this web page is based on data published inFive Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 andFive Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing inFive Millennium Canon byDan McGlaun. TheBesselian elements were provided byJean Meeus.Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"
