The periodicity and recurrence ofsolar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours).When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry.The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year.Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series.Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses.Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.
Solar eclipses of Saros 130all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 1096 Aug 20. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 2394 Oct 25. The total duration of Saros series 130 is 1298.17 years.In summary:
First Eclipse = 1096 Aug 20 18:35:35 TD Last Eclipse = 2394 Oct 25 17:07:13 TD Duration of Saros 130 = 1298.17 Years
Saros 130 is composed of 73 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 130 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 73 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 30 | 41.1% |
| Annular | A | 0 | 0.0% |
| Total | T | 43 | 58.9% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 0 | 0.0% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit).The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 130appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 130 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 43 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 43 | 100.0% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 73 eclipses in Saros 130: 21P 43T 9P
The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 130 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.
| Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 130 | |||
| Extrema Type | Date | Duration | Magnitude |
| Longest Total Solar Eclipse | 1619 Jul 11 | 06m41s | - |
| Shortest Total Solar Eclipse | 2232 Jul 18 | 01m14s | - |
| Largest Partial Solar Eclipse | 1457 Mar 25 | - | 0.98454 |
| Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse | 2394 Oct 25 | - | 0.02980 |
The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 130.A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found inKey to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, seeAnimation of Saros 130.
TD of Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur. s ° ° ° km07355 -35 1096 Aug 20 18:35:35 1093 -11173 Pb-1.5110 0.0743 61.4S 164.7W 007401 -34 1114 Sep 01 01:57:49 1020 -10950 P-1.4527 0.1773 61.1S 75.7E 007446 -33 1132 Sep 11 09:29:13 951 -10727 P-1.4007 0.2695 60.9S 46.1W 007491 -32 1150 Sep 22 17:12:01 886 -10504 P-1.3568 0.3471 60.9S 170.7W 007536 -31 1168 Oct 03 01:04:24 826 -10281 P-1.3197 0.4129 61.1S 62.2E 007582 -30 1186 Oct 14 09:06:01 769 -10058 P-1.2891 0.4670 61.4S 67.1W 007627 -29 1204 Oct 24 17:16:40 715 -9835 P-1.2650 0.5097 61.9S 161.2E 007673 -28 1222 Nov 05 01:35:45 665 -9612 P-1.2474 0.5408 62.5S 27.2E 007718 -27 1240 Nov 15 10:01:04 619 -9389 P-1.2339 0.5649 63.3S 108.5W 007762 -26 1258 Nov 26 18:31:26 575 -9166 P-1.2239 0.5826 64.2S 114.3E 007806 -25 1276 Dec 07 03:05:28 535 -8943 P-1.2165 0.5960 65.2S 24.2W 007849 -24 1294 Dec 18 11:42:14 497 -8720 P-1.2108 0.6064 66.3S 163.8W 007891 -23 1312 Dec 28 20:17:58 461 -8497 P-1.2038 0.6192 67.4S 56.4E 007932 -22 1331 Jan 09 04:53:22 428 -8274 P-1.1961 0.6333 68.4S 83.8W 007973 -21 1349 Jan 19 13:24:42 396 -8051 P-1.1847 0.6546 69.5S 136.3E 008014 -20 1367 Jan 30 21:53:13 367 -7828 P-1.1704 0.6812 70.4S 3.5W 008055 -19 1385 Feb 10 06:14:26 339 -7605 P-1.1498 0.7198 71.1S 142.1W 008096 -18 1403 Feb 21 14:31:42 313 -7382 P-1.1253 0.7660 71.7S 79.8E 008136 -17 1421 Mar 03 22:40:34 289 -7159 P-1.0933 0.8265 72.0S 56.6W 008176 -16 1439 Mar 15 06:43:34 265 -6936 P-1.0559 0.8980 72.1S 168.3E 008216 -15 1457 Mar 25 14:38:16 243 -6713 P-1.0107 0.9845 71.9S 35.4E 008256 -141475 Apr 05 22:27:42 222 -6490 T-0.9607 1.0310 60.5S 123.6W 15 386 02m08s08296 -131493 Apr 16 06:10:20 203 -6267 T-0.9042 1.0391 49.5S 107.3E 25 308 03m00s08337 -121511 Apr 27 13:47:24 184 -6044 T-0.8425 1.0463 40.0S 14.7W 32 286 03m50s08379 -111529 May 07 21:19:50 167 -5821 T-0.7760 1.0526 31.3S 133.1W 39 276 04m38s08420 -101547 May 19 04:48:58 152 -5598 T-0.7060 1.0581 23.5S 110.7E 45 270 05m22s08461 -091565 May 29 12:15:00 138 -5375 T-0.6329 1.0629 16.5S 3.7W 51 266 05m57s08502 -081583 Jun 19 19:39:32 127 -5152 T-0.5581 1.0667 10.4S 116.9W 56 262 06m23s08543 -071601 Jun 30 03:03:59 117 -4929 T-0.4826 1.0697 5.3S 130.7E 61 259 06m37s08585 -061619 Jul 11 10:29:59 95 -4706 T-0.4077 1.0718 1.3S 18.6E 66 255 06m41s08629 -051637 Jul 21 17:57:08 68 -4483 T-0.3335 1.0731 1.8N 93.4W 71 251 06m37s08675 -041655 Aug 02 01:28:36 41 -4260 T-0.2625 1.0735 3.7N 154.0E 75 247 06m28s08721 -031673 Aug 12 09:04:05 20 -4037 T-0.1946 1.0731 4.6N 40.6E 79 242 06m15s08766 -021691 Aug 23 16:45:57 9 -3814 T-0.1317 1.0720 4.5N 74.3W 82 236 06m01s08811 -011709 Sep 04 00:32:26 9 -3591 T-0.0725 1.0703 3.7N 169.7E 86 229 05m47s08856 001727 Sep 15 08:27:31 10 -3368 T-0.0202 1.0681 2.2N 51.4E 89 222 05m33s08902 011745 Sep 25 16:28:56 12 -3145 Tm 0.0269 1.0655 0.3N 68.6W 88 214 05m21s08947 021763 Oct 07 00:39:04 15 -2922 T 0.0666 1.0627 2.0S 169.1E 86 206 05m09s08993 031781 Oct 17 08:55:59 17 -2699 T 0.1007 1.0596 4.3S 45.1E 84 197 04m59s09038 041799 Oct 28 17:21:46 14 -2476 T 0.1274 1.0566 6.7S 81.3W 83 188 04m50s
TD of Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur. s ° ° ° km09083 051817 Nov 09 01:53:53 12 -2253 T 0.1487 1.0536 8.9S 150.9E 82 179 04m42s09128 061835 Nov 20 10:31:58 6 -2030 T 0.1649 1.0510 10.7S 21.6E 81 171 04m35s09172 071853 Nov 30 19:15:39 7 -1807 T 0.1763 1.0485 12.0S 109.0W 80 164 04m28s09215 081871 Dec 12 04:03:38 -1 -1584 T 0.1836 1.0465 12.7S 119.4E 80 157 04m23s09257 091889 Dec 22 12:54:15 -6 -1361 T 0.1888 1.0449 12.7S 12.8W 79 152 04m18s09299 101908 Jan 0321:45:22 8 -1138 T 0.1934 1.0437 11.8S 145.1W 79 14904m14s09341 111926 Jan 1406:36:58 24 -915 T 0.1973 1.0430 10.1S 82.3E 79 14704m11s09384 121944 Jan 2515:26:42 26 -692 T 0.2025 1.0428 7.6S 50.2W 78 14604m09s09424 131962 Feb 0500:12:38 34 -469 T 0.2107 1.0430 4.2S 178.1E 78 14704m08s09464 141980 Feb 1608:54:01 51 -246 T 0.2224 1.0434 0.1S 47.1E 77 14904m08s09503 151998 Feb 2617:29:27 63 -23 T 0.2391 1.0441 4.7N 82.7W 76 15104m09s09543 162016 Mar 0901:58:19 70 200 T 0.2609 1.0450 10.1N 148.8E 75 15504m09s09583 172034 Mar 2010:18:45 80 423 T 0.2894 1.0458 16.1N 22.2E 73 15904m09s09623 182052 Mar 3018:31:53 97 646 T 0.3238 1.0466 22.4N 102.5W 71 16404m08s09665 192070 Apr 1102:36:09 135 869 T 0.3652 1.0472 29.1N 135.1E 68 16804m04s09706 202088 Apr 2110:31:49 175 1092 T 0.4135 1.0474 36.0N 15.1E 65 17303m58s09747 212106 May 03 18:19:20 217 1315 T 0.4681 1.0472 43.1N 102.3W 62 177 03m47s09788 222124 May 14 01:59:10 262 1538 T 0.5286 1.0464 50.3N 143.2E 58 182 03m34s09829 232142 May 25 09:32:37 308 1761 T 0.5937 1.0449 57.4N 31.9E 53 187 03m17s09871 242160 Jun 04 16:58:36 350 1984 T 0.6645 1.0428 64.5N 74.9W 48 192 02m58s09914 252178 Jun 16 00:20:42 391 2207 T 0.7378 1.0396 71.0N 175.3W 42 198 02m36s09958 262196 Jun 26 07:37:40 433 2430 T 0.8149 1.0356 76.3N 97.0E 35 208 02m12s10002 272214 Jul 08 14:52:45 477 2653 T 0.8925 1.0303 78.1N 28.3E 26 230 01m46s10046 282232 Jul 18 22:04:56 524 2876 T 0.9717 1.0229 72.4N 33.4W 13 348 01m14s10090 29 2250 Jul 30 05:18:25 572 3099 P 1.0490 0.9114 62.9N 124.7W 010135 30 2268 Aug 09 12:32:05 623 3322 P 1.1254 0.7684 62.2N 118.0E 010181 31 2286 Aug 20 19:48:22 675 3545 P 1.1987 0.6322 61.7N 0.2E 010226 32 2304 Sep 01 03:07:40 730 3768 P 1.2684 0.5038 61.4N 118.2W 010271 33 2322 Sep 12 10:32:06 787 3991 P 1.3328 0.3865 61.1N 122.2E 010316 34 2340 Sep 22 18:01:34 846 4214 P 1.3925 0.2793 61.1N 1.4E 010362 35 2358 Oct 04 01:36:39 907 4437 P 1.4464 0.1835 61.1N 120.7W 010406 36 2376 Oct 14 09:18:28 970 4660 P 1.4941 0.1003 61.4N 115.4E 010450 37 2394 Oct 25 17:07:13 1035 4883 Pe 1.5351 0.0298 61.8N 10.3W 0
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, seeCalendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ).This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988].The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see:Solar and Lunar Ephemerides.The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations inEarth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed asΔT and is determined as follows:
A series ofpolynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. Theuncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses.
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The information presented on this web page is based on data published inFive Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 andFive Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing inFive Millennium Canon byDan McGlaun. TheBesselian elements were provided byJean Meeus.Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"
