The periodicity and recurrence ofsolar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours).When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry.The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year.Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series.Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses.Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.
Solar eclipses of Saros 127all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 0991 Oct 10. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 2452 Mar 21. The total duration of Saros series 127 is 1460.44 years.In summary:
First Eclipse = 0991 Oct 10 14:31:21 TD Last Eclipse = 2452 Mar 21 17:01:31 TD Duration of Saros 127 = 1460.44 Years
Saros 127 is composed of 82 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 127 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 82 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 40 | 48.8% |
| Annular | A | 0 | 0.0% |
| Total | T | 42 | 51.2% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 0 | 0.0% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit).The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 127appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 127 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 42 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 42 | 100.0% |
| Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 0 | 0.0% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 82 eclipses in Saros 127: 20P 42T 20P
The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 127 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.
| Extreme Durations and Magnitudes of Solar Eclipses of Saros 127 | |||
| Extrema Type | Date | Duration | Magnitude |
| Longest Total Solar Eclipse | 1532 Aug 30 | 05m40s | - |
| Shortest Total Solar Eclipse | 2091 Aug 15 | 01m38s | - |
| Largest Partial Solar Eclipse | 1334 May 04 | - | 0.98297 |
| Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse | 2452 Mar 21 | - | 0.02617 |
The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 127.A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found inKey to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, seeAnimation of Saros 127.
TD of Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur. s ° ° ° km07105 -45 0991 Oct 10 14:31:21 1608 -12470 Pb 1.5370 0.0321 71.5N 28.4E 007147 -44 1009 Oct 20 22:36:10 1509 -12247 P 1.5123 0.0753 70.9N 106.7W 007189 -43 1027 Nov 01 06:48:58 1414 -12024 P 1.4930 0.1088 70.1N 116.7E 007231 -42 1045 Nov 11 15:09:04 1323 -11801 P 1.4792 0.1328 69.1N 21.0W 007275 -41 1063 Nov 22 23:33:39 1238 -11578 P 1.4681 0.1517 68.1N 159.2W 007319 -40 1081 Dec 03 08:03:27 1156 -11355 P 1.4607 0.1642 67.0N 62.0E 007364 -39 1099 Dec 14 16:35:04 1080 -11132 P 1.4537 0.1757 65.9N 76.8W 007409 -38 1117 Dec 25 01:07:37 1007 -10909 P 1.4469 0.1867 64.9N 144.7E 007454 -37 1136 Jan 05 09:38:55 939 -10686 P 1.4383 0.2010 63.9N 6.9E 007499 -36 1154 Jan 15 18:08:17 875 -10463 P 1.4274 0.2192 63.1N 130.1W 007544 -35 1172 Jan 27 02:33:05 815 -10240 P 1.4121 0.2453 62.4N 94.3E 007590 -34 1190 Feb 06 10:53:04 758 -10017 P 1.3921 0.2801 61.8N 39.8W 007635 -33 1208 Feb 17 19:06:58 706 -9794 P 1.3664 0.3257 61.3N 172.3W 007681 -32 1226 Feb 28 03:15:05 656 -9571 P 1.3351 0.3818 61.0N 56.8E 007726 -31 1244 Mar 10 11:14:43 610 -9348 P 1.2963 0.4525 60.9N 72.0W 007770 -30 1262 Mar 21 19:08:33 567 -9125 P 1.2522 0.5339 61.0N 160.7E 007814 -29 1280 Apr 01 02:54:21 527 -8902 P 1.2008 0.6298 61.2N 35.4E 007857 -28 1298 Apr 12 10:35:28 490 -8679 P 1.1445 0.7357 61.5N 88.9W 007899 -27 1316 Apr 22 18:08:42 455 -8456 P 1.0812 0.8560 62.0N 148.8E 007940 -26 1334 May 04 01:39:14 422 -8233 P 1.0149 0.9830 62.6N 27.0E 007981 -251352 May 14 09:04:24 391 -8010 T 0.9437 1.0427 73.6N 48.5W 19 441 02m18s08022 -241370 May 25 16:28:30 362 -7787 T 0.8708 1.0497 76.2N 124.0W 29 338 02m51s08063 -231388 Jun 04 23:49:27 335 -7564 T 0.7944 1.0552 74.2N 156.6E 37 302 03m20s08103 -221406 Jun 16 07:12:01 309 -7341 T 0.7188 1.0596 69.4N 64.4E 44 283 03m48s08143 -211424 Jun 26 14:34:25 284 -7118 T 0.6425 1.0629 63.1N 36.6W 50 270 04m14s08183 -201442 Jul 07 21:59:40 261 -6895 T 0.5679 1.0654 56.2N 143.3W 55 261 04m39s08223 -191460 Jul 18 05:27:53 239 -6672 T 0.4954 1.0669 48.9N 106.4E 60 252 05m00s08263 -181478 Jul 29 13:01:17 219 -6449 T 0.4269 1.0676 41.4N 6.8W 65 244 05m18s08303 -171496 Aug 08 20:40:14 199 -6226 T 0.3626 1.0675 33.9N 122.4W 69 236 05m30s08345 -161514 Aug 20 04:25:15 181 -6003 T 0.3032 1.0667 26.5N 119.9E 72 228 05m38s08387 -151532 Aug 30 12:17:45 164 -5780 T 0.2500 1.0654 19.3N 0.0E 75 221 05m40s08428 -141550 Sep 10 20:17:38 149 -5557 T 0.2029 1.0636 12.4N 121.8W 78 212 05m37s08469 -131568 Sep 21 04:25:02 136 -5334 T 0.1619 1.0615 5.8N 114.6E 81 204 05m32s08510 -121586 Oct 12 12:40:32 125 -5111 T 0.1278 1.0591 0.3S 10.8W 83 196 05m23s08551 -111604 Oct 22 21:03:48 113 -4888 T 0.1000 1.0567 5.9S 137.8W 84 188 05m12s08593 -101622 Nov 03 05:34:48 90 -4665 T 0.0789 1.0544 10.7S 93.7E 86 180 05m01s08638 -091640 Nov 13 14:11:19 63 -4442 T 0.0623 1.0522 14.8S 35.8W 87 173 04m50s08683 -081658 Nov 24 22:54:42 37 -4219 T 0.0513 1.0502 18.0S 166.4W 87 167 04m40s08729 -071676 Dec 05 07:42:08 17 -3996 T 0.0435 1.0486 20.2S 62.5E 88 162 04m30s08774 -061694 Dec 16 16:33:11 8 -3773 T 0.0388 1.0475 21.3S 69.2W 88 158 04m22s
TD of Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur. s ° ° ° km08819 -051712 Dec 28 01:24:54 9 -3550 T 0.0346 1.0466 21.5S 159.0E 88 155 04m15s08865 -041731 Jan 08 10:17:44 11 -3327 Tm 0.0313 1.0464 20.7S 27.0E 88 155 04m10s08911 -031749 Jan 18 19:08:56 13 -3104 T 0.0264 1.0465 19.1S 104.9W 89 155 04m07s08956 -021767 Jan 30 03:56:55 15 -2881 T 0.0190 1.0471 16.8S 123.9E 89 157 04m06s09002 -011785 Feb 09 12:40:41 17 -2658 T 0.0080 1.0480 14.1S 6.6W 90 159 04m07s09047 001803 Feb 21 21:18:46 13 -2435 T-0.0075 1.0492 11.1S 135.9W 90 163 04m09s09092 011821 Mar 04 05:50:13 11 -2212 T-0.0284 1.0506 8.0S 96.3E 88 168 04m14s09136 021839 Mar 15 14:13:42 5 -1989 T-0.0558 1.0520 5.1S 29.5W 87 172 04m20s09179 031857 Mar 25 22:29:38 7 -1766 T-0.0892 1.0534 2.4S 153.4W 85 177 04m28s09222 041875 Apr 06 06:37:26 -3 -1543 T-0.1292 1.0547 0.2S 84.8E 83 182 04m37s09264 051893 Apr 16 14:36:11 -6 -1320 T-0.1764 1.0556 1.3N 34.6W 80 186 04m47s09306 061911 Apr 2822:27:22 12 -1097 T-0.2294 1.0562 1.9N 151.9W 77 19004m57s09349 071929 May 0906:10:34 24 -874 T-0.2887 1.0562 1.6N 92.7E 73 19305m07s09392 081947 May 2013:47:47 28 -651 T-0.3528 1.0557 0.2N 21.4W 69 19605m13s09432 091965 May 3021:17:31 36 -428 T-0.4225 1.0544 2.5S 133.8W 65 19805m15s09472 101983 Jun 1104:43:33 53 -205 T-0.4947 1.0524 6.2S 114.2E 60 19905m11s09511 112001 Jun 2112:04:46 64 18 T-0.5701 1.0495 11.3S 2.7E 55 20004m57s09551 122019 Jul 0219:24:07 71 241 T-0.6466 1.0459 17.4S 109.0W 50 20104m33s09591 132037 Jul 1302:40:36 83 464 T-0.7246 1.0413 24.8S 139.1E 43 20103m58s09631 142055 Jul 2409:57:50 104 687 T-0.8012 1.0359 33.3S 25.8E 37 20203m17s09672 152073 Aug 0317:15:23 143 910 T-0.8763 1.0294 43.2S 89.4W 28 20602m29s09713 162091 Aug 1500:34:43 183 1133 T-0.9490 1.0216 55.6S 150.5E 18 23601m38s09754 17 2109 Aug 26 07:57:26 225 1356 P-1.0178 0.9670 71.4S 5.1E 009795 18 2127 Sep 06 15:24:17 270 1579 P-1.0822 0.8458 71.9S 120.1W 009836 19 2145 Sep 16 22:57:10 317 1802 P-1.1406 0.7368 72.1S 112.8E 009878 20 2163 Sep 28 06:34:34 358 2025 P-1.1943 0.6377 72.1S 15.6W 009922 21 2181 Oct 08 14:19:36 398 2248 P-1.2408 0.5529 71.9S 145.8W 009966 22 2199 Oct 19 22:10:26 441 2471 P-1.2817 0.4790 71.4S 82.9E 010010 23 2217 Oct 31 06:08:54 486 2694 P-1.3157 0.4185 70.7S 49.8W 010054 24 2235 Nov 11 14:13:08 532 2917 P-1.3444 0.3682 69.9S 176.6E 010098 25 2253 Nov 21 22:24:38 581 3140 P-1.3666 0.3297 68.9S 41.9E 010143 26 2271 Dec 03 06:40:47 632 3363 P-1.3843 0.2996 67.8S 93.4W 010189 27 2289 Dec 13 15:01:18 685 3586 P-1.3979 0.2767 66.8S 130.8E 010234 28 2307 Dec 25 23:24:23 740 3809 P-1.4089 0.2585 65.7S 5.1W 010279 29 2326 Jan 05 07:49:43 798 4032 P-1.4177 0.2440 64.7S 141.2W 010324 30 2344 Jan 16 16:13:41 857 4255 P-1.4270 0.2288 63.8S 83.5E 010370 31 2362 Jan 27 00:36:00 918 4478 P-1.4368 0.2125 62.9S 51.1W 010414 32 2380 Feb 07 08:54:01 982 4701 P-1.4496 0.1909 62.2S 175.7E 010458 33 2398 Feb 17 17:08:14 1047 4924 P-1.4648 0.1650 61.7S 43.5E 010501 34 2416 Feb 29 01:13:31 1115 5147 P-1.4865 0.1279 61.3S 86.2W 0
TD of Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur. s ° ° ° km10544 35 2434 Mar 11 09:12:47 1184 5370 P-1.5121 0.0837 61.1S 145.6E 010587 36 2452 Mar 21 17:01:31 1256 5593 Pe-1.5455 0.0262 61.1S 20.1E 0
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, seeCalendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ).This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988].The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see:Solar and Lunar Ephemerides.The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations inEarth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed asΔT and is determined as follows:
A series ofpolynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. Theuncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses.
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The information presented on this web page is based on data published inFive Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 andFive Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing inFive Millennium Canon byDan McGlaun. TheBesselian elements were provided byJean Meeus.Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"
