11)Finnish Forest Research institute, Rovaniemi Research Unit, P.O. Box 16, FI-96301 Rovaniemi, Finla
22)Environmental sciences, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
ARTICLE - Introduction
- Background of the study
- Herd-management practices
- Forestry
- Material and methods
- Study herding associations
- Interviews with reindeer herders
- Results
- Old intensive herding
- Extensification of herding
- Transitions in relation to pasture conditions and forestry
- Supplementary/corral feeding
- Discussion
- Factors affecting the transition process
- Relationships to pasture conditions and forestry
- Development of supplementary/corral feeding
FIGURES & TABLES REFERENCES CITED BY
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In northern Finland, reindeer-herd management has experienced two major transitions: extensification of intensive herding, and development of supplementary/corral feeding in winter. The transitions were studied in six herding associations in different parts of the Finnish reindeer management area. It was suggested that intensive herding turns into more extensive forms as the reasons for intensive herding (predation, reindeer disappearing to foreign areas, protection of agricultural fields) gradually ceased to exist. The results of the study, based on interviews of elderly reindeer herders, were variable. In the three southern areas intensive herding changed to the free ranging system at the latest during WWII, whilst in the northern areas intensive herding was replaced by extensive herding with the aid of snowmobiles in the 1960s. In the southern herding associations, especially, supplementary/corral feeding in winter was considered necessary, from the 1970s onwards, to compensate for the loss of arboreal lichens associated with forest regeneration.
Vol. 45 • No. 2
April 2008
