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Abstract
This investigation provides the first conclusive evidence for the existence of the interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-21 genes in bony fish. The IL-2 and IL-21 sequences have been determined inFugu rubripes by exploiting the conservation of synteny that is found between regions of the human andFugu genomes. The predicted 149-amino acid IL-2 homologue contains the IL-2 family signature, has a predicted secondary structure of three α helixes and has the two cysteines important in disulphide-bond formation. It shows low amino acid identities (24–34%) with other known IL-2 sequences. The predicted 155-amino acid IL-21 homologue has a predicted secondary structure of four α helixes and has the four cysteines important in disulphide-bond formation. It shows low amino acid identities (29–31%) with other known IL-21 sequences. The gene organisation ofFugu IL-2 and IL-21 and the level of synteny between the human andFugu genomes has been well conserved during evolution, with the order and orientation of the genes matching exactly to human Chromosome 4. Phytohaemagglutinin stimulation ofFugu kidney cells resulted in a large increase in theFugu IL-2 and IL-21 transcripts. In vivo stimulation ofFugu with LPS and poly I:C showed IL-21 expression to be localised within mucosal tissues. The discovery of IL-2 and IL-21 in fish will now allow more detailed investigations into T-helper cell responses.
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This work was funded by the Scottish Higher Education Funding Council (UK), the Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution (Japan) and a research contract from Novartis Aquahealth (UK).
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Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre (SFIRC), School of Biological Sciences, Zoology Building, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK
Steve Bird, Jun Zou & Chris Secombes
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen kibanadai nishi 1-1, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
Tomoya Kono & Masahiro Sakai
Inland Station, National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Tamaki, Mie-ken, 519-0423, Japan
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Bird, S., Zou, J., Kono, T.et al. Characterisation and expression analysis of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-21 homologues in the Japanese pufferfish,Fugu rubripes, following their discovery by synteny.Immunogenetics56, 909–923 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-004-0741-7
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