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Studies in Neotropical Araliaceae. III. Resurrection of the New World genusDidymopanax Decne. & Planch., previously included inSchefflera (Araliaceae)

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Abstract

Didymopanax had been recognized for at least a century as the only genus of Araliaceae in the Americas with bicarpellate ovaries, but in recent decades, it had been treated in synonymy underSchefflera, where it has been recognized as an informal group. During this time, several new species belonging to the group were described underSchefflera, but there has been a growing understanding over the past 15 years that this broadly defined genus is polyphyletic, comprising five non-sister clades. The Neotropical species form a monophyletic group, but its five major subclades are both morphologically and geographically coherent, and are therefore being recognized as distinct genera. As a result,Crepinella Marchal andSciodaphyllum P. Browne have been reinstated (but with new circumscriptions), and the remaining subclades will be accommodated in two new genera. Here we resurrectDidymopanax, transferring the 37 species out ofSchefflera. As now defined,Didymopanax includes species with bicarpellate as well as a few with 5–6-carpellate ovaries, mostly from the rainforests and open savannic vegetations of Brazil. Twenty-one new combinations are proposed for taxa originally described underPanax L. (1),Schefflera (19), orSciodaphyllum (1).

Resumo

Por pelo menos um século,Didymopanax Decne. & Planch. vinha sendo reconhecido como o único gênero de Araliaceae nas Américas com ovários bicarpelares, mas em décadas recentes ele passou a ser tratado como sinônimo deSchefflera J.R. Forst. & G. Forst., onde tem sido reconhecido como um grupo informal. Durante este período, várias novas espécies pertencentes a este grupo foram descritas sobSchefflera, mas ao longo dos últimos 15 anos há um crescente entendimento que este gênero em sentido amplo é polifilético, sendo composto por cinco clados não irmãos. Espécies neotropicais deSchefflera formam um grupo monofilético e os seus cinco subclados são coerentes tanto morfológica quanto geograficamente, sendo agora reconhecidos como gêneros distintos. Como resultado disso,Crepinella Marchal eSciodaphyllum P. Browne foram restabelecidos com novas circunscrições, e os subclados remanescentes serão acomodados em dois novos gêneros.Sciodaphyllum foi recentemente restabelecido, e aqui nós restabelecemosDidymopanax, removendo deSchefflera as 37 espécies deste clado. Como agora definido,Didymopanax inclui espécies com ovários bicarpelares e poucas 5–6-carpelares, a maioria de florestas úmidas e vegetações abertas de savana do Brasil. Vinte e uma novas combinações são propostas para táxons originalmente descritos emPanax L. (1),Schefflera (19) ouSciodaphyllum (1).

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from the U.S. National Science Foundation (DEB 0943958, 1556327 and 1556139), the National Geographic Society (CRE 5793-96, 7415-03, 8355-07), and the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) (PQ 306228/2016-5). This work is dedicated to the memory of David G. Frodin (1940–2019), whose encyclopedic knowledge of Araliaceae in general, and ofSchefflera s.l. in particular, will remain a source of inspiration for many new generations of botanists studying araliads.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil

    Pedro Fiaschi

  2. Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA

    Porter P. Lowry II

  3. Institut de Systématique, Évolution, et Biodiversité (ISYEB), Unité Mixte de Recherche 7205, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Sorbonne Universités/École Pratique des Hautes Études, C.P. 39, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France

    Porter P. Lowry II

  4. Cullman Program for Molecular Systematics, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York, 10458-5126, USA

    Gregory M. Plunkett

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  1. Pedro Fiaschi

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Correspondence toPedro Fiaschi.

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Fiaschi, P., Lowry, P.P. & Plunkett, G.M. Studies in Neotropical Araliaceae. III. Resurrection of the New World genusDidymopanax Decne. & Planch., previously included inSchefflera (Araliaceae).Brittonia72, 16–22 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-019-09604-w

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