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Abstract
The extraordinary nature of the problems with which the life sciences are faced in manned space flight is distinguished by the following features:
- 1.
The environment in space is characterized by the absence of a life-supporting, life-protecting, and flight-supporting atmosphere.
- 2.
To travel through such a vacuum environment requires a sealed cabin, a synthetic little earth with an artificial atmosphere, surrounded by a hull having life-protecting capabilities with regard to radiations and meteorites.
- 3.
The astronauts occupying this isolated island in space represent, psychologically, a world of their own.
- 4.
The physical environments on the target celestial bodies are qualitatively and quantitatively different from that of the astronauts’ home planet, the Earth, which requires special biotechnical measures for their survival.
- 5.
They may discover on target celestial bodies another living world with a strange, exotic flora and fauna, which may pose important problems of useful and harmful biotic interrelations, such as contamination.
- 6.
During the larger part of the space flight trajectory, the vehicle itself behaves like a celestial body following the laws of celestial mechanics. This condition, and the transformation of an earthly machine into a celestial body and its retransformation into an aerodynamic vehicle, and also the gravities found on the targets, such as the Moon and Mars, subject the astronaut, who is basically a 1-g creature, to a large spectrum of G-forces from zero to multiples of one g.
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References
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Authors and Affiliations
Brooks Air Force Base, USAF Aerospace Medical Center, Texas, USA
Hubertus Strughold
- Hubertus Strughold
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Stockholm, Sweden
Carl W. P. Reuterswärd
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© 1961 Springer-Verlag Wien
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Strughold, H. (1961). Space Medicine and Astrobiology. In: Reuterswärd, C.W.P. (eds) XIth International Astronautical Congress Stockholm 1960 / XI. Internationaler Astronautischer Kongress / XIe Congrès International D’Astronautique. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8071-6_66
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