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विकिपिडिया
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ढाँचा:Cite encyclopedia

विकिपिडिया बठेइ

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Citation Style 1 templates
{{Cite arXiv}}arXiv preprints
{{Cite AV media}}audio and visual media
{{Cite AV media notes}}AV media liner notes
{{Cite bioRxiv}}bioRxiv preprints
{{Cite book}}books and chapters
{{Cite citeseerx}}CiteSeerX papers
{{Cite conference}}conference papers
{{Cite encyclopedia}}edited collections
{{Cite episode}}radio or TV episodes
{{Cite interview}}interviews
{{Cite journal}}academic journals
{{Cite magazine}}magazines, periodicals
{{Cite mailing list}}public mailing lists
{{Cite map}}maps
{{Cite news}}news articles
{{Cite newsgroup}}online newsgroups
{{Cite podcast}}podcasts
{{Cite press release}}press releases
{{Cite report}}reports
{{Cite serial}}audio or video serials
{{Cite sign}}signs, plaques
{{Cite speech}}speeches
{{Cite ssrn}}SSRN papers
{{Cite techreport}}technical reports
{{Cite thesis}}theses
{{Cite web}}web sources not covered by the above
See alsoSpecific-source templates
Wrapper templates

ThisCitation Style 1 template is used to createcitations for articles or chapters in edited collections such as encyclopedias and dictionaries, but more generally any book or book series containing individual sections or chapters written by various authors, and put together by one or more editors. However, it is not intended for journals or magazines, which are issued periodically and have volume and (usually) issue numbers, and should be cited with{{Cite journal}}; nor is it intended for conference proceedings, which should be cited with{{Cite conference}}.

Usage

Copy a blank version to use. Almost all parameter names are supported only in lower case (some initialisms, such as|isbn= have upper case aliases like|ISBN=, which are acceptable for use). Use the "|" (pipe) character between each parameter. Unused parameters may be deleted to avoid clutter in the edit window. Some samples on this documentation page may include the current date. If the date is not current, thenpurge the page.


Most commonly used parameters in horizontal format
{{cite encyclopedia |title= |encyclopedia= |date= |year= |publisher= |location= |id= }}


Full parameter set in horizontal format
{{cite encyclopedia |last= |first= |author-link= |editor-last= |editor-first= |editor-link= |encyclopedia= |title= |trans-title= |url= |access-date= |language= |edition= |date= |year= |publisher= |series= |volume= |location= |id= |isbn= |oclc= |doi= |pages= |archive-url= |archive-date= |url-status= |quote= |ref=}}


Most commonly used parameters in vertical format
{{cite encyclopedia | title = | encyclopedia = | date = | year = | publisher = | location = | id =}}


Full parameter set in vertical format
Vertical listPrerequisitesBrief instructions / notes
{{cite encyclopedia  | last =   | first =   | author-link =   | editor-last =   | editor-first =   | editor-link =   | encyclopedia =   | title =   | trans-title =   | url =   | access-date =   | language =   | edition =   | date =   | year =   | publisher =   | series =   | volume =   | location =   | id =   | isbn =   | oclc =   | doi =   | pages =   | archive-url =   | archive-date =   | url-status =  | quote =   | ref = }}
                            
                            
  • If a field name is listed in thePrerequisites column, it is a prerequisite for the field to the left.

Examples

  • {{cite encyclopedia |last=Golden |first=Peter B. |author-link=Peter Benjamin Golden |editor1-last=Golden |editor1-first=Peter B. |editor1-link=Peter Benjamin Golden |editor2-last=Ben-Shammai |editor2-first=Haggai |editor3-last=Róna-Tas |editor3-first=András |editor3-link=András Róna-Tas |encyclopedia=The World of the Khazars: New Perspectives |title=Khazar Studies: Achievements and Perspectives |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=3ZzXjdyK-CEC|page=7}} |date=2007a |publisher=BRILL |series=Handbook of Oriental Studies |volume=17 |isbn=978-9-004-16042-2 |pages=7–57}}
Golden,Peter B.(2007a)."Khazar Studies: Achievements and Perspectives".InGolden, Peter B.;Ben-Shammai, Haggai;Róna-Tas, András.The World of the Khazars: New Perspectives.Handbook of Oriental Studies.17.BRILL.pp. 7–57.ISBN 978-9-004-16042-2
.https://books.google.com/books?id=3ZzXjdyK-CEC&pg=PA7. 
  • {{cite encyclopedia |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/query?id=1257036681681058 |title=Idaho |encyclopedia=MSN Encarta |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761565515/Idaho.html |archive-date=1 November 2009}}
"Idaho".MSN Encarta.http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761565515/Idaho.html. 
  • {{cite encyclopedia |last=Seberg |first=Ole |editor1-last=Heywood |editor1-first=Vernon H. |editor2-last=Brummitt |editor2-first=Richard K. |editor3-last=Culham |editor3-first=Alastair |title=Alliaceae |encyclopedia=Flowering Plant Families of the World |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=Jy1FAQAAIAAJ|page=340}}|date=2007 |publisher=Firefly Books |location=Richmond Hill, Ontario |isbn=978-1-55407-206-4 |pages=340–341}}
Seberg,Ole(2007)."Alliaceae".InHeywood, Vernon H.;Brummitt, Richard K.;Culham, Alastair.Flowering Plant Families of the World.Richmond Hill:Firefly Books.https://books.google.com/books?id=Jy1FAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA340. 
  • {{cite encyclopedia |last=Gerish |first=Deborah |editor-last=Murray |editor-first=Alan V. |title=Aimery of Lusignan |encyclopedia=The Crusades: An Encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6cSXSgAACAAJ |date=2006 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |volume=1 |location=Santa Barbara |oclc=70122512 |pages=24}}
Gerish,Deborah(2006)."Aimery of Lusignan".InMurray, Alan V..The Crusades: An Encyclopedia.1.Santa Barbara:ABC-CLIO.pp. 24.OCLC 70122512
.https://books.google.com/books?id=6cSXSgAACAAJ. 
  • {{cite encyclopedia |last=Morère |encyclopedia=Dictionary of Scientific Biography |isbn=0-684-10114-9 |first=J. E. |publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons |title=Aguilon, François d' |volume=1 |location=New York |pages=81 |date=1970}}
Morère,J. E.(1970)."Aguilon, François d'".Dictionary of Scientific Biography.1.New York:Charles Scribner's Sons.pp. 81.ISBN 0-684-10114-9
      . 
  • {{cite encyclopedia |last=Smith |encyclopedia=A concise encyclopedia of the Bahá'í Faith |isbn=1-85168-184-1 |first=Peter |publisher=Oneworld Publications |title=satan |location=Oxford |pages=304 |date=2000}}
Smith,Peter(2000)."satan".A concise encyclopedia of the Bahá'í Faith.Oxford:Oneworld Publications.pp. 304.ISBN 1-85168-184-1
      . 
  • {{cite encyclopedia |last=Wallace |first=William A. |editor-last=Gillispie |editor-first=Charles |title=Albertus Magnus, Saint |encyclopedia=Dictionary of Scientific Biography |url=http://www.u.arizona.edu/~aversa/scholastic/Dictionary%20of%20Scientific%20Biography/Albertus%20Magnus%20(Wallace).pdf |date=1970 |publisher=Scribner & American Council of Learned Societies |volume=1 |location=New York |isbn=978-0-684-10114-9 |pages=99-103}}
Wallace,William A.(1970)."Albertus Magnus, Saint".InGillispie, Charles.Dictionary of Scientific Biography.1.New York:Scribner & American Council of Learned Societies.pp. 99–103.ISBN 978-0-684-10114-9
.http://www.u.arizona.edu/~aversa/scholastic/Dictionary%20of%20Scientific%20Biography/Albertus%20Magnus%20(Wallace).pdf. 
  • {{cite encyclopedia |last=Morse |encyclopedia=Law Library – American Law and Legal Information |first=Stephen J. |archive-date=25 September 2008 |title=Psychopathy – What Is Psychopathy? |volume=Crime and Justice Vol 3 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5b5vnGYP0 |url=http://law.jrank.org/pages/1884/Psychopathy-What-psychopathy.html8}}
Morse,Stephen J.."Psychopathy – What Is Psychopathy?".Law Library – American Law and Legal Information.Crime and Justice Vol 3.http://law.jrank.org/pages/1884/Psychopathy-What-psychopathy.html8. 

Parameters

Syntax

Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:

  • parent
  • OR:parent2—may be used instead ofparent
    • child—may be used withparent (and is ignored ifparent is not used)
    • OR:child2—may be used instead ofchild (and is ignored ifparent2 is not used)
Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show.

By default, sets of fields are terminated with a period (.).

COinS

This template embedsCOinS metadata in the HTML output, allowingreference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata.
SeeWikipedia:COinS. As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text:
  • use|date=27 September 2007 not|date=27 September 2007 (print version 25 September)

Use of templates within the citation template is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be included raw in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example ,–, etc, should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata. Do not include Wiki markup'' (italic font) or''' (bold font) because these markup characters will contaminate the metadata.

COinS metadata is created for these parameters

Note: This table of metadata is displayed for all Citation Style 1 templates. Not all of these parameters are supported by every CS1 template. Some of these parameters are mutually exclusive, some are aliases of another parameter, and some require other parameters to be present. Please refer to each template's documentation for a full list of supported parameters, their aliases, and their dependencies.

  • |periodical=,|journal=,|newspaper=,|magazine=,|work=,|website=,|encyclopedia=,|encyclopaedia=,|dictionary=
  • |chapter=,|contribution=,|entry=,|article=,|section=
  • |title=
  • |publication-place=,|publicationplace=,|place=,|location=
  • |date=,|year=,|publication-date=,|publicationdate=
  • |series=,|version=
  • |volume=,|issue=,|number=
  • |page=,|pages=,|at=
  • |edition=
  • |publisher=,|distributor=,|institution=
  • |url=,|chapter-url=,|chapterurl=,|contribution-url=,|contributionurl=,|section-url=,|sectionurl=
  • |author#=,|author-last#=,|author#-last=,|last#=,|surname#=
  • |author-first#=,|author#-first=,|first#=,|given#=
  • any of the named identifiers:|isbn=,|issn=,|doi=,|pmc=, etc.

What's new

What's new or changed recently
ParameterNew or changed param
|sbn=identifier parameter forStandard Book Numbers
|s2cid=identifier parameter forSemantic Scholar corpus ID
|s2cid-access=access-icon parameter for|s2cid=

Deprecated

Deprecated CS1/CS2 parameters
Deprecated parameterReplace with
none deprecated at present

Description

Authors

  • last: Surname of a single author. Do not wikilink—useauthor-link instead. For corporate authors or authors for whom only one name is listed by the source, uselast or one of its aliases (e.g.|author=Bono). Aliases:surname,author,last1,surname1,author1.
    • author: this parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single author (first and last) or to hold the name of a corporate author. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one author. Do not wikilink—useauthor-link instead.
    • first: Given or first names of author; for example:Firstname Middlename orFirstname M. orFirstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—useauthor-link instead. Aliases:given,first1,given1. Requireslast; first name will not display iflast is empty.
    • OR: for multiple authors, uselast1,first1 throughlastn,firstn, wheren is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of authors (eachfirstn requires a correspondinglastn, but not the other way around).
      See thedisplay parameters to change how many authors are displayed. Aliases:surname1,given1 throughsurnamen,givenn, orauthor1 throughauthorn. For an individual author plus an institutional author, you can use|first1=...|last1=...|author2=....
    • author-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. Aliases:author-link1,authorlink,authorlink1,author1-link,author1link.
    • OR: for multiple authors, useauthor-link1 throughauthor-linkn. Aliases:authorlink1 throughauthorlinkn, orauthor1-link throughauthorn-link, orauthor1link throughauthornlink.
    • name-list-format: displays authors and editors inVancouver style when set tovanc and when the list useslast/first parameters for the name list(s).
  • vauthors: comma-separated list of author names inVancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional author names in doubled parentheses:
    |vauthors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.))
    • author-link andauthor-mask may be used for the individual names in|vauthors= as described above
  • authors: Free-form list of author names; use of this parameter is discouraged because it does not contribute to a citation's metadata; not an alias oflast.
  • translator-last: Surname of translator. Do not wikilink—usetranslator-link instead. Aliases:translator-surname,translator1,translator1-last,translator-last1.
    • translator-first: Given or first names of translator. Do not wikilink—usetranslator-link instead. Aliases:translator-given,translator1-first,translator-first1.
    • OR: for multiple translators, usetranslator-last1,translator-first1 throughtranslator-lastn,translator-firstn, wheren is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of translators (eachtranslator-firstn requires a correspondingtranslator-lastn, but not the other way around). Aliases:translator1-last,translator1-first throughtranslatorn-last,translatorn-first, ortranslator1 throughtranslatorn.
    • translator-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink. Aliases:translator-link1,translator1-link.
    • OR: for multiple translators, usetranslator-link1 throughtranslator-linkn. Aliases:translator1-link throughtranslatorn-link.
  • collaboration: Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requiresauthor,last, orvauthors listing one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends "et al." to author name-list.
  • Note: When usingshortened footnotes orparenthetical referencing styles with templates, do not use multiple names in one field, or else the anchor will not match the inline link.

Title

(See alsoHelp:Citation Style 1 §Titles and chapters.)
  • encyclopedia: Title of source. Can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article. Displays in italics. Ifscript-title is defined,title holds aRomanization of title inscript-title.
    • script-title: Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined intitle. May be prefixed with anISO 639-1 two-character code to help browsers properly display the script:
      ... |title=Tōkyō tawā |script-title=ja:東京タワー |trans-title=Tokyo Tower ...
    • trans-title: English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets afterencyclopedia; ifurl is defined, thentrans-title is included in the link. Use of thelanguage parameter is recommended.
Titles containing certain characters will not display and link correctly unless those characters are encoded.
newline[]|
space[]{{!}} (preferred)
{{bracket|text}}| or{{pipe}} –
  • title-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the source named intitle – do not use a web address; do not wikilink. Alias:titlelink.
(See alsoHelp:Citation Style 1 §Titles and chapters.)
  • title: Title of source. Can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article orurl may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in italics. Ifscript-title is defined,title holds aRomanization of title inscript-title.
    • script-title: Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined intitle. May be prefixed with anISO 639-1 two-character code to help browsers properly display the script:
      ... |title=Tōkyō tawā |script-title=ja:東京タワー |trans-title=Tokyo Tower ...
    • trans-title: English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets aftertitle; ifurl is defined, thentrans-title is included in the link. Use of thelanguage parameter is recommended.
Titles containing certain characters will not display and link correctly unless those characters are encoded.
newline[]|
space[]{{!}} (preferred)
{{bracket|text}}| or{{pipe}} –
  • title-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the source named intitle – do not use a web address; do not wikilink. Alias:titlelink.
Aliases:title,article
  • language: A comma-separated list of the languages in which the source is written, as either theISO 639 language code (preferred) or the full language name, e.g.|language=fr, pt-br or|language=French, Portuguese.See the list of supported codes and names. Do not use templates or wikilinks. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory ofCategory:CS1 foreign language sources. Because cs1|2 templates are often copied from en.wiki to other wikis, use of language codes is preferred so that languages render in the correct language and form: espagnol at a French-language wiki instead of 'Spanish'. Aliases:lang

Date

  • date: Date of source being referenced. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, or year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations.[date १] Required whenyear is used to disambiguate{{sfn}} links to multiple-work citations by the same author in the same year.[more] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after publisher..
    For acceptable date formats, seeHelp:Citation Style 1 § Dates.
For approximate year, precede with "c.", like this:|date=c. 1900.

For no date, or "undated", use|date=n.d.
Automatic date formatting:Citation Style 1 and2 templates, including this template, automatically render dates in date parameters (|date=,|access-date=,|archive-date=, etc.) in the style specified by the article's{{use dmy dates}} or{{use mdy dates}} template. See those templates' documentation for details.
  • year: Year of source being referenced. Use of|date= is recommended unlessall of the following conditions are met:
    1. The|date= format is YYYY-MM-DD.
    2. The citation requires aCITEREFdisambiguator.
  • orig-year: Original publication year; displays in square brackets after thedate (oryear). For clarity, please supply specifics. For example:|orig-year=First published 1859 or|orig-year=Composed 1904. Alias:origyear}}
  • df: date format; sets rendered dates to the specified format; does not support date ranges or seasonal dates; overrides the automatic date formatting described above. Accepts one value which may be one of these:
    dmy – set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified;
    mdy – as above for month day, year format
    ymd – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD
    dmy-all – set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format;
    mdy-all – as above for month day, year format
    ymd-all – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD
  1. ↑Publication dates in references within an article should all have the same format. This may be a different format from that used for archive and access dates.
    See.

Publisher

  • publisher: Name of publisher; may be wikilinked if relevant. Thepublisher is thecompany that publishes the work being cited. Donot use thepublisher parameter for the name of a work (e.g. a website, book, encyclopedia, newspaper, magazine, journal, etc.). Corporate designations such as "Ltd", "Inc.", or "GmbH" are not usually included. Not normally used for periodicals. Omit where the publisher's name is substantially the same as the name of the work (for example, The New York Times Co. publishesThe New York Times newspaper, so there is no reason to name the publisher). Displays aftertitle.
  • place: For news stories with adateline, that is, the location where the story was written. In earlier versions of the template this was the publication place, and for compatibility, will be treated as the publication place if the publication-place parameter is absent; see that parameter for further information. Alias:location
  • publication-place: Geographical place of publication; generally not wikilinked; omit when the name of the work includes the publication place; examples:The Boston Globe,The Times of India. Displays after the title. If only one ofpublication-place,place, orlocation is defined, it will be treated as the publication place and will show after the title; ifpublication-place andplace orlocation are defined, thenplace orlocation is shown before the title prefixed with "written at" andpublication-place is shown after the title.
  • publication-date: Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. Displays only ifyear ordate are defined and only if different, elsepublication-date is used and displayed asdate. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink. Followspublisher; ifwork is not defined, thenpublication-date is preceded by "published" and enclosed in parenthesis.
  • via: Name of the content deliverer (ifdifferent frompublisher).via is not a replacement forpublisher, but provides additional detail. It may be used when the content deliverer presents the source in a format other than the original (e.g.NewsBank), when the URL provided does not make clear the identity of the deliverer, where no URL or DOI is available (EBSCO), or if the deliverer requests attribution.
    See theaccess level parameters to display access restrictions.

Edition, series, volume

  • edition: When the publication has more than one edition; for example: "2nd", "Revised", and so forth. Appends the string " ed." after the field, so|edition=2nd produces "2nd ed." Does not display if a periodical field is defined.
  • series orversion: When the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal where the issue numbering has restarted.
  • volume: For one publication published in several volumes. Displays after thetitle andseries fields; volume numbers should be entered just as a numeral (e.g. 37); volume values that are wholly digits, wholly uppercase roman numerals, or less than five characters will appear in bold. Any non-numeric value of five or more characters will be presumed to follow some other convention and will not appear in bold.

In-source locations

  • page: The number of a single page in the source that supports the content. Use either|page= or|pages=, but not both. Displays preceded byp. unless|nopp=y. If hyphenated, use{{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g.|page=3{{hyphen}}12), otherwise several editors and semi-automated tools will assume this was a misuse of the parameter to indicate a page range and will convert|page=3-12 to|pages=3{{ndash}}12.
  • OR:pages: A range of pages in the source that supports the content. Use either|page= or|pages=, but not both. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. Displays preceded bypp. unless|nopp=y.
    Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use double parentheses to tell the template to display the value of|pages= without processing it, and use{{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended:|pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15)). Alternatively, use|at=, like this:|at=pp. 3-1–3-15.
    • nopp: Set toy,yes, ortrue to suppress thep. orpp. notations where this is inappropriate; for example, where|page=Front cover or|pages=passim.
  • OR:at: For sources where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient. Overridden by|page= or|pages=. Use only one of|page=,|pages=, or|at=.
Examples: page (p.) or pages (pp.); section (sec.), column (col.), paragraph (para.); track; hours, minutes and seconds; act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket, verse.

URL

  • url: URL of an online location where the text of the publication named bytitle can be found. Cannot be used iftitle is wikilinked. If applicable, the link may point to the specific page(s) referenced. Remove tracking parameters from URLs, e.g.#ixzz2rBr3aO94 or?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=....
    For linking to pages in PDF files or in Google Books, seeWP:PAGELINKS. Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such as Amazon.com; use|isbn= or|oclc= to provide neutral search links for books. Invalid URLs, including those containing spaces, will result in an error message.
    • access-date: Full date when the content pointed to byurl was last verified to support the text in the article; do not wikilink; requiresurl; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations.[date १]Not required for linked documents that do not change. For example,access-date is required for online sources, such as personal websites, that do not have a publication date; seeWP:CITEWEB. Access dates are not required for links to published research papers, published books, or news articles with publication dates. Note thataccess-date is the date that the URL was found to be working and to support the text being cited. See"Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with{{use dmy dates}} and{{use mdy dates}}. Can behidden or styled by registered editors. Alias:accessdate.
    • archive-url: The URL of anarchived snapshot of a web page. Typically used to refer to services such asInternet Archive
      (seeWikipedia:Using the Wayback Machine),WebCite
      (seeWikipedia:Using WebCite) andarchive.is
      (seeWikipedia:Using archive.is); requiresarchive-date andurl. By default (overridden by|url-status=live) the archived link is displayed first, with the original link at the end. Alias:archiveurl.
      • archive-date: Archive-service snapshot-date; preceded in display by default text "archived from the original on". Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. This does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates.[date १] Do not wikilink; templated dates are discouraged. See"Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with{{use dmy dates}} and{{use mdy dates}}. Alias:archivedate.
      • url-status: this optional parameter is ignored ifarchive-url is not set. If omitted, or with null value, the default value is|url-status=dead. When the URL is still live, but pre-emptively archived, then set|url-status=live; this changes the display order, with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end. When the original URL has been usurped for the purposes of spam, advertising, or is otherwise unsuitable, setting|url-status=unfit or|url-status=usurped suppresses display of the original URL (but|url= and|archive-url= are still required).
      • archive-format: File format of the work referred to byarchive-url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after the archive link. HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change theexternal link icon. Note: External link icons do not includealt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired.
        See [[Help:Citation_Style_1#Using_|format=|Using|format=]]
    • url-access:
    • template-doc-demo: The archive parameters will be error-checked to ensure that all the required parameters are included, or else{{citation error}} is invoked. With errors, main, help and template pages are placed into one of the subcategories ofCategory:Articles with incorrect citation syntax. Set|template-doc-demo=true to disable categorization; mainly used for documentation where the error is demonstrated. Alias:no-cat.
  • format: File format of the work referred to byurl; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses aftertitle. (For media format, usetype.) HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change theexternal link icon. Note: External link icons do not includealt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired.
    See [[Help:Citation_Style_1#Using_|format=|Using|format=]]

URLs must begin with a supportedURI scheme.http:// andhttps:// will be supported by all browsers; however,ftp://,gopher://,irc://,ircs://,mailto: andnews: may require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided.IPv6 host-names are currently not supported.

If URLs incitation template parameters contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to bepercent-encoded. For example, a space must be replaced by%20. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with:

sp"'<>[]{|}
%20%22%27%3c%3e%5b%5d%7b%7c%7d

Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.

  1. 12Access-date and archive-date in references should all have the same format – either the format used for publication dates, or YYYY-MM-DD.
    See.

Anchor

  • ref: the citation's HTML anchor identifier, when different from its default. When set,|ref=ID generates an anchor with the givenID (theid= attribute in the citation's<citeid="ID"> HTML tag). Setting|ref=ID identifies the template as a target and allowswikilinking to full references, especially useful with short-form citations likeshortened notes andparenthetical referencing. The default anchor ID is suitable for use with{{sfn}} and{{harv}} templates. Since April 2020, the parameter / keyword pair|ref=harv has no special meaning;|ref=harv may be removed from existing cs1|2 templates. To inhibit anchor ID creation, set|ref=none. Aliases: none.

Identifiers

  • id: Aunique identifier, used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable; wikilink or use a template as applicable. For example,|id=NCJ 122967 will append "NCJ 122967" at the end of the citation. You can use templates such as|id={{NCJ|122967}} to appendNCJ122967 instead.

These identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g.|rfc=822 or|pmc=345678.

When an URL is equivalent to the link produced by the corresponding identifier (such as aDOI), don't add it to any URL parameter but use the appropriate identifier parameter, which is more stable and may allow to specify theaccess status. The|url= parameter or title link can then be used for its prime purpose of providing aconvenience link to anopen access copy (as in, at least accessible to everyone for free) which would not otherwise be obviously accessible.

  • arxiv:arXividentifier; for example:|arxiv=hep-th/9205027 (before April 2007) or|arxiv=0706.0001 (April 2007 – December 2014) or|arxiv=1501.00001 (since January 2015). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html". Aliases:eprint.
  • asin:Amazon Standard Identification Number; if first character ofasin value is a digit, useisbn. Because this link favours one specific distributor, include it only if standard identifiers are not available. Example|asin=B00005N5PF. Aliases:ASIN.
    • asin-tld: ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values:au,br,ca,cn,co.jp,co.uk,de,es,fr,it,mx. Aliases: none.
  • bibcode:bibcode; used by a number of astronomical data systems; for example:1974AJ.....79..819H. Aliases: none.
  • biorxiv:bioRxiv id, a 6-digit number at the end of the biorXiv URL (e.g.078733 forhttp://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/01/078733 orhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1101/078733). Aliases: none.
  • citeseerx:CiteSeerX id, a string of digits and dots found in a CiteSeerX URL (e.g.10.1.1.176.341 forhttp://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.341). Aliases: none.
  • doi:Digital object identifier; for example:10.1038/news070508-7. It is checked to ensure it begins with (10.). Aliases:DOI.
    • doi-broken: Date the DOI was found to be non-working athttps://dx.doi.org. Use the same format as other dates in the article. Aliases:doi-broken-date,doi-inactive-date.
  • eissn:International Standard Serial Number for the electronic media of a serial publication; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using ahyphen, but not anen dash or a space; example|eissn=1557-2986. Aliases:EISSN.
  • hdl:Handle System identifier for digital objects and other resources on the Internet; example|hdl=20.1000/100. Aliases:HDL.
  • isbn:International Standard Book Number; for example:978-0-8126-9593-9.
    (SeeWikipedia:ISBN andISBN § Overview.) Hyphens in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information – usually the back of the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, usesbn. Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN withoutany additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Aliases:ISBN,isbn13,ISBN13.
    • ignore-isbn-error: In very rare cases, actually used ISBNs (as printed on books) do not follow the standard checksum algorithm. In order to suppress the error message, the|ignore-isbn-error=true parameter can be used to disable the checksum check in these cases. If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the ISBN instead of overriding the error message. Aliases:ignoreisbnerror.
  • ismn:International Standard Music Number; for example:979-0-9016791-7-7.Hyphens or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. This parameter should hold only the ISMN withoutany additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens – and the proper check digit. Aliases:ISMN.
  • issn:International Standard Serial Number; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using ahyphen, but not anen dash or a space; example|issn=2049-3630. Aliases:ISSN.
  • jfm:Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik; example|jfm=53.0144.01. Aliases:JFM.
  • jstor:JSTOR reference number; for example:|jstor=3793107 will generateJSTOR3793107. Aliases:JSTOR.
  • lccn:Library of Congress Control Number. When present, alphabetic prefix characters are to be lower case; example|lccn=2004042477. Aliases:LCCN.
  • mr:Mathematical Reviews; example|mr=630583. Aliases:MR.
  • oclc:OCLC; WorldCat's Online Computer Library Center; example|oclc=9355469. Aliases:OCLC.
  • ol:Open Library identifier; do not include "OL" in the value; example|ol=7030731M. Aliases:OL.
  • osti:Office of Scientific and Technical Information; example|osti=4367507. Aliases:OSTI.
  • pmc:PubMed Central; use article number foropen repository full-text of a journal article, e.g.|pmc=345678. Do not include "PMC" in the value.
    See also thepmid parameter, below; these are two different identifiers.. Aliases:PMC.
    • embargo: Date thatpmc goes live; if this date is in the future, thenpmc is not linked until that date. Aliases: none.
  • pmid:PubMed; use unique identifier; example|pmid=17322060
    See also thepmc parameter, above; these are two different identifiers. Aliases:PMID.
  • rfc:Request for Comments; example|rfc=3143. Aliases:RFC.
  • sbn:Standard Book Number; example|sbn=356-02201-3. Aliases:SBN.
  • ssrn:Social Science Research Network; example|ssrn=1900856. Aliases:SSRN.
  • s2cid:Semantic Scholar corpus ID; example|s2cid=37220927. Aliases:S2CID.
  • zbl:Zentralblatt MATH; example|zbl=0472.53010 For zbMATH search results likeJFM 35.0387.02 use|jfm=35.0387.02. Aliases:ZBL.

Quote

  • quote: Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes.When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote must include terminating punctuation.

Editors

  • editor-last: surname of editor. Do not wikilink—useeditor-link instead. Where the surname is usually written first—as in Chinese—or for corporate authors, simply useeditor-last to include the same format as the source. Aliases:editor-last1,editor1-last,editor-surname,editor-surname1,editor1-surname,editor,editor1.
    • editor: This parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single editor (first and last), or the name of an editorial committee. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one editor.
    • editor-first: given or first names of editor, including title(s); example:Firstname Middlename orFirstname M. orDr. Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—useeditor-link instead. Aliases:editor-first1,editor1-first,editor-given,editor-given1,editor1-given.
    • OR: for multiple editors, useeditor-last1,editor-first1 througheditor-lastn,editor-firstn (Aliases:editorn-last,editor-surnamen oreditorn-surname;editorn-first,editor-givenn oreditorn-given;editorn). For an individual editor plus an institutional editor, you can use|editor-first1=...|editor-last1=...|editor2=....
  • editor-link: title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor—not the editor's website; do not wikilink. Aliases:editor-link1.
  • OR: for multiple editors, useeditor-link1 througheditor-linkn (aliaseditorn-link).
  • name-list-format: displays authors and editors inVancouver style when set tovanc and when the list useslast/first parameters for the name list(s)
  • veditors: comma separated list of editor names inVancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional names in doubled parentheses:
    |veditors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.))
  • editor-linkn andeditor-maskn may be used for the individual names in|veditors=, as described above
  • editors: free-form list of editor names; use of this parameter is discouraged; not an alias ofeditor-last
Display:
Usedisplay-editors to control the length of the displayed editor name list and to specify when "et al." is included.
If authors: Authors are first, followed by the included work, then "In" and the editors, then the main work.
If no authors: Editors appear before the included work; a single editor is followed by "ed."; multiple editors are followed by "eds."

Laysummary

  • lay-url: URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source; the URL title is set to "Lay summary". Alias:layurl.
    • lay-source: Name of the source of the lay summary. Displays in italics and preceded by a spaced endash. Alias:laysource.
    • lay-date: Date of the lay summary. Displays in parentheses. Alias:laydate.
    • lay-format: File format of the work referred to bylay-url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after lay summary. HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change theexternal link icon. Note: External link icons do not includealt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired.
      See [[Help:Citation_Style_1#Using_|format=|Using|format=]]

Display options

  • mode: Sets element separator, default terminal punctuation, and certain capitalization according to the value provided. For|mode=cs1, element separator and terminal punctuation is a period (.); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For|mode=cs2, element separator is a comma (,); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). To override default terminal punctuation usepostscript.
  • author-mask:
  • contributor-mask:
  • editor-mask:
  • interviewer-mask:
  • translator-mask:
    Replaces the name of the first author withem dashes or text. Set<name>-mask to a numeric valuen to set the dashn em spaces wide; set<name>-mask to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". You must still include the values for all names for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such asshortened footnotes. Do not use in a list generated by{{reflist}},<references/> or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. Mask parameters can take an enumerator in the name of the parameter (e.g.|authorn-mask=) to apply the mask to a specificname.
  • display-authors: Controls the number of author names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of authors, setdisplay-authors to the desired number. For example,|display-authors=2 will display only the first two authors in a citation. By default, all authors are displayed.|display-authors=etal displays all authors in the list followed by et al. Aliases:displayauthors.
  • display-editors: Controls the number of editor names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of editors, setdisplay-editors to the desired number. For example,|display-editors=2 will display only the first two editors in a citation. By default, all editors are displayed.|display-editors=etal displays all editors in the list followed by et al. Aliases:displayeditors.
  • last-author-amp: Switches the separator between the last two names of the author list to space ampersand space ( &) when set toy,yes, ortrue. Example:|last-author-amp=yes
  • postscript: Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period (.); for no terminating punctuation, specify|postscript=none – leaving|postscript= empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Additional text or templates beyond the terminating punctuation may generate an error message.|postscript= is ignored ifquote is defined.

Subscription or registration required

Citations of online sources that require registration or a subscription are acceptable in Wikipedia as documented inVerifiability § Access to sources. As a courtesy to readers and other editors, editors should signal the access restrictions of the external links included in a citation.Nota bene: access icons do not display correctly for editors who use Modern skin.

Four access levels can be used:

As there are often multiple external links with different access levels in the same citation, these values are attributed to a particular external link.

Access indicators for url-holding parameters

Sources linked by|url=,|article-url=,|chapter-url=,|contribution-url=,|entry-url=,|map-url=, and|section-url= are presumed to be free-to-read. When they are not free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. Because the sources linked by these url-holding parameters are presumed to be free-to-read, they may not be marked asfree.

url-holding and access-indicator parameters
urlaccessallowed keywords
|url=|url-access=registrationFree registration required
limitedFree access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required
subscriptionPaid subscription required
|article-url=|article-url-access=
|chapter-url=|chapter-url-access=
|contribution-url=|contribution-url-access=
|entry-url=|entry-url-access=
|map-url=|map-url-access=
|section-url=|section-url-access=
Access indicator for named identifiers

Links inserted by named identifiers are presumed to lie behind a paywall or registration barrier – exceptions listed below. When they are free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. Because the sources linked by these named-identifier parameters are not presumed to be free-to-read, they may not be marked aslimited,registration, orsubscription.

named-identifier and access-indicator parameters
identifieraccessallowed keywords
|bibcode=|bibcode-access=freeFreely accessible
|doi=|doi-access=
|hdl=|hdl-access=
|jstor=|jstor-access=
|ol=|ol-access=
|osti=|osti-access=
|s2cid=|s2cid-access=

Some named-identifiers are always free-to-read. For those named-identifiers there are no access-indicator parameters, the access level is automatically indicated by the template. These named identifiers are:

  • |arxiv=
  • |biorxiv=
  • |citeseerx=
  • |pmc=
  • |rfc=
  • |ssrn=

TemplateData

This is theTemplateData for this template used byTemplateWizard,VisualEditor and other tools.See a monthly parameter usage report forTemplate:Cite encyclopedia in articlesbased on its TemplateData.

TemplateData for Cite encyclopedia

This template formats a citation to an article or chapter in an edited collection such as an encyclopedia or dictionary, but more generally to any book or book series containing individual sections or chapters written by various authors, and put together by one or more editors.

ढाँचा प्यारामिटरहरू[ढाँचा डाटा सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]

मापदण्डविवरणप्रकारस्थिति
Year of publicationyear

Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known

Stringवैकल्पिक
Source titletitle

The title of the article or entry in the encyclopedia; displays in quotes

Stringआवश्यक
Encyclopediaencyclopediaencyclopaediadictionary

Title of the source; may be wikilinked; displays in italics; alias of 'work'

Stringवैकल्पिक
Publisherpublisher

Name of the publisher; displays after title

Stringवैकल्पिक
Location of publicationlocation

Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place; alias of 'place'

Stringवैकल्पिक
idid

A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable

Stringवैकल्पिक
URLurl

The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found

Stringवैकल्पिक
URL access dateaccessdate

The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink

Stringवैकल्पिक
Last namelast

The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors

Stringवैकल्पिक
First namefirst

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors

Stringवैकल्पिक
Source datedate

Full date of the source; do not wikilink

Stringआवश्यक
Author linkauthorlink

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors

पृष्ठ नामवैकल्पिक
Othersothers

Used to record other contributions to the work, such as 'Illustrated by John Smith' or 'Translated by John Smith'

Stringवैकल्पिक
Month of publicationmonth

Name of the month of publication; do not wikilink; use 'date' instead, if day of month is also known

Stringवैकल्पिक
Original yearorigyear

Original year of publication; provide specifics

Stringवैकल्पिक
Editor last nameeditor-lasteditoreditor-surnameeditor-last1editor-surname1editor1editor1-lasteditor1-surname

The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors

अज्ञातवैकल्पिक
Editor first nameeditor-firsteditor-giveneditor-first1editor-given1editor1-firsteditor1-given

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors

अज्ञातवैकल्पिक
Editor linkeditor-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-link'

पृष्ठ नामवैकल्पिक
Place of publicationpublication-place

Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at'

Stringवैकल्पिक
Publication datepublication-date

Date of publication when different from the date the work was written; do not wikilink

Stringवैकल्पिक
Editionedition

When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed with ' ed.'

Stringवैकल्पिक
Seriesseries

When the source is part of a series, such as a book series where the issue numbering has restarted; alias of 'version'

Stringवैकल्पिक
Volumevolume

For one publication published in several volumes

Stringवैकल्पिक
Pagepage

Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.'

Stringवैकल्पिक
Pagespages

Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.'

Stringवैकल्पिक
No ppnopp

Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover')

Stringवैकल्पिक
Atat

May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient

Stringवैकल्पिक
Languagelanguage

The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name; do not use icons or templates

Stringवैकल्पिक
Translated titletrans_title

An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended

Stringवैकल्पिक
Typetype

Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case

Stringवैकल्पिक
Formatformat

Format of the work referred to by 'url'; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML

Stringवैकल्पिक
arXiv identifierarxiv

An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers

Stringवैकल्पिक
ASINasin

Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters

Stringवैकल्पिक
ASIN TLDasin-tld

ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US

Stringवैकल्पिक
Bibcodebibcode

Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters

Stringवैकल्पिक
DOIdoi

Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'

Stringवैकल्पिक
DOI broken datedoi_brokendate

The date that the DOI was determined to be broken

Stringवैकल्पिक
ISBNisbn

International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible

Stringवैकल्पिक
ISSNissn

International Standard Serial Number; 8 characters; may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen

Stringवैकल्पिक
jfm codejfm

Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code

Stringवैकल्पिक
JSTORjstor

JSTOR identifier

Stringवैकल्पिक
LCCNlccn

Library of Congress Control Number

Stringवैकल्पिक
MRmr

Mathematical Reviews identifier

Stringवैकल्पिक
OCLCoclc

Online Computer Library Center number

Stringवैकल्पिक
OLol

Open Library identifier

Stringवैकल्पिक
OSTIosti

Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier

Stringवैकल्पिक
PMCpmc

PubMed Center article number

Stringवैकल्पिक
PMIDpmid

PubMed Unique Identifier

Stringवैकल्पिक
RFCrfc

Request for Comments number

Stringवैकल्पिक
SSRNssrn

Social Science Research Network

Stringवैकल्पिक
Zblzbl

Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier

Stringवैकल्पिक
Archive URLarchiveurl

The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archivedate'

Stringवैकल्पिक
Archive datearchivedate

Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink

Stringवैकल्पिक
Dead URLdeadurl

If set to 'no', the title display is adjusted; useful for when the URL is archived preemptively but still live

Stringवैकल्पिक
Quotequote

Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; needs to include terminating punctuation

Stringवैकल्पिक
Refref

An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv template

Stringवैकल्पिक
Separatorseparator

The punctuation used to separate lists of authors, editors, etc.; a space must be encoded as &#32; do not use an asterisk, colon, or hash mark

पूर्वनिर्धारित
.
Stringवैकल्पिक
Postscriptpostscript

The closing punctuation for the citation; ignored if 'quote' is defined

पूर्वनिर्धारित
.
Stringवैकल्पिक
Lay URLlayurl

URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source; alias of 'laysummary'

Stringवैकल्पिक
Lay sourcelaysource

Name of the source of the laysummary; displays in italics, preceded by an en dash

Stringवैकल्पिक
Lay datelaydate

Date of the summary; displays in parentheses

Stringवैकल्पिक
Author maskauthor-mask

Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead

Stringवैकल्पिक
Author name separatorauthor-name-separator

Changes the separator between last and first names; defaults to a comma and space; a space must be encoded as &#32; do not use an asterisk, colon, or hash mark

पूर्वनिर्धारित
,
Stringवैकल्पिक
Author separatorauthor-separator

Changes the separator between authors; defaults to a semicolon and space; a space must be encoded as &#32; do not use an asterisk, colon, or hash mark

पूर्वनिर्धारित
;
Stringवैकल्पिक
Display authorsdisplay-authors

number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used; default is to do so after 8 of 9 are listed; alias of 'displayauthors'

पूर्वनिर्धारित
8
सङ्ख्यावैकल्पिक
Last author ampersandlastauthoramp

When set to any value, changes the separator between the last two names of the author list to 'space ampersand space'

Stringवैकल्पिक
Last name 2last2author2surname2author-last2author2-lastsubject2

The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink2'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors

Stringवैकल्पिक
First name 2first2given2author-first2author2-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors

Stringवैकल्पिक
Last name 3last3author3surname3author-last3author3-lastsubject3

The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink3'.

Stringवैकल्पिक
First name 3first3given3author-first3author3-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink.

Stringवैकल्पिक
Last name 4last4author4surname4author-last4author4-lastsubject4

The surname of the fourth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink4'.

Stringवैकल्पिक
First name 4first4given4author-first4author4-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth author; don't wikilink.

Stringवैकल्पिक
Last name 5last5author5surname5author-last5author5-lastsubject5

The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink5'.

Stringवैकल्पिक
First name 5first5given5author-first5author5-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink.

Stringवैकल्पिक
Last name 6last6author6surname6author-last6author6-lastsubject6

The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink6'.

Stringवैकल्पिक
First name 6first6given6author-first6author6-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink.

Stringवैकल्पिक
Last name 7last7author7surname7author-last7author7-lastsubject7

The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink7'.

Stringवैकल्पिक
First name 7first7given7author-first7author7-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink.

Stringवैकल्पिक
Last name 8last8author8surname8author-last8author8-lastsubject8

The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink8'.

Stringवैकल्पिक
First name 8first8given8author-first8author8-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink.

Stringवैकल्पिक
Last name 9last9author9surname9author-last9author9-lastsubject9

The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink9'. If nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the last author.

Stringवैकल्पिक
First name 9first9given9author-first9author9-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink.

Stringवैकल्पिक

See also

General
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{{Cite arXiv}}
arXiv preprints
{{cite bioRxiv}}
bioRxiv preprints
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magazines
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maps
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news articles
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online newsgroups
{{Cite press release}}
press releases
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unpublished reports
{{Cite sign}}
signs, plaques
{{Cite speech}}
speeches
{{Cite techreport}}
technical reports
{{Cite thesis}}
theses
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web sources
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This template producesCOinS metadata; seeCOinS in Wikipedia for background information.

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