^ Although the Colombian Constitution specifies Spanish (Castellano) as theofficial language in all Colombian territory, other languages spoken in the country by ethnic groups – approximately 68 languages – each is also official in its territory.[10] English is also official in thearchipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina.[11]
^ The official Colombian time[12] is controlled and coordinated by the National Institute of Metrology.[13]
Colombia, nopo maya rasmi ngaRepublik Colombia, iso pogun ii poingiliu id Amerika Selatan miampai koiyonon kopulauan id Amerika Utara. Tana tagayo Colombia nopo nga mirontob miampai Rahat Caribbean id Utara, Venezuela id timur om timur laut, Brazil id tenggara, Peru om Ecuador id selatan om barat daya, Lautan Pasifik id barat, om Panama id barat laut. Abaagi o Colombia kumaa 32 jabatan. Watas Ibu Kota Bogota nopo nga kakadayan tagayo id pogun dii i nosiliu do tuan walai montok hab kousinan om koubasanan gulu. Koiyonon kakadayan do suai nopo nga kohompit do Medellín, Cali, Barranquilla, Cartagena, Santa Marta, Cúcuta, Ibagué, Villavicencio om Bucaramanga. Kiginayo o koiyonon di solinaab do 1,141,748 kilometer persegi (440,831 watu persegi) om kipopulasi kiikiro 52 juta. Opuhawang tinungkusan koubasanan ii[14] kohompit do boros, ugama, naansakan om inus ii popokito do sajara dau sabaagi tana jajahan ii pinopiamung do roromu-roromu koubasanan ii noowit mantad imigrasi Eropah[15][16][17][18] om Timur Tanga,[19][20][21] miampai noowit do diaspora Afrika,[22] om nogi mogikaakawo tamadun tulun Sandad di pogulu po.[23] Boros Sepanyol nopo nga boros rasmi sundung do noiktiraf o boros suai id taang serantau ii nopo nga Creole, Inggilis om 64 boros suai.
Gama do koiyonon dau, wilayah Colombia baino nopo nga wawayaan tamadun koulunan gulu mantad Mesoamerika om Caribbean kumaa lembah Andes om Amazon. Kinorubaan arkeologi totos totuo' nopo nga mantad koiyonon Pubenza om El Totumo id Lembah Magdalena 100 kilometer barat daya Bogota.[24] Nokoimpuun o koiyonon diti mantad zaman Paleoindian (18,000-8000 SM). Id Puerto Hormiga om koiyonon do suai, bagas kinorubaan do mantad Zaman Arkaik (~8000–2000 BC). Topod-topod dii nopo nga pinopokito do kiwaa mogiigiyon gulu id wilayah El Abra om Tequendama id Cundinamarca. Tombikar totos totuo' nogi nga norubaan id Amerika, id San Jacinto kitadauwulan do 5000-4000 BC.[25][26]
Geografi Colombia nopo nga kikouyuuyuo do onom koiyonon sandad ii popokito do kouyuo unik mantad koiyonon banjaran gunung Andes; rantai Pantai Pasifik; koiyonon pantai Caribbean; Llanos (gana); koiyonon talun rasam Amazon; kumaa koiyonon insular, mantad do pulou-pulou id koduuduo rahat Atlantik om Pasifik.[27] Miilang iti do maritim miampai do Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, Jamaica, Haiti om Republik Dominican.[28]
Iklim Colombia nopo nga kikouyuo sabaagi variasi koposolimbahan tropika id suang onom koiyonon sandad tumanud do rinanggou, linasu, kosogubon, tongus om rasam.[29] Kiwaa mogikaakawo zon iklim do Colombia kohompit no do talun rasam tropika, savana, gana sakot, gana togis om iklim nulu.
Casa de Nariño nopo nga walai rasmi om tiyonon kumalaja gulu do Presiden Colombia.
Karajaan Colombia nopo nga id suang do rangkapresidentialparticipatory democratic ii tinoodo do presiden id suang Porlombagaan 1991.[30] Kopiagal miampai do prinsip popitongkiad kuasa, binaagi do karajaan kumaa tolu raan: raan eksekutif, raan porundangan om raan kohakiman.[31]
Sabaagi luguan raan eksekutif, Presiden Colombia nopo nga berkhidmat sabaagi luguan pogun om luguan karajaan, tonudon do Naib Presidon om Majlis Montiri. Pilion o presiden maya tundi kaanangan montok berkhidmat id iso penggal apat toun (ontok 2015, pinasaga do Kongres Colombia do pemansuhan pindaan perlembagaan 2004 ii minonimban rontob iso penggal montok presiden kumaa rontob duo penggal).[32] Id taang wilayah kuasa eksekutif nopo nga nigitan do gabenor jabatan, datuk kakadayan perbandaran om pontadbir momogun montok subboogian pontabiran di lobi okoro miagal ko corregimientos toi ko' comunas.[33] Toinsanan pomilian raya wilayah nopo nga poindalanon do sontoun om limo wulan kalapas pomilian raya presiden.[34][35]
Capitolio Nacional, tirikohon do Kongres
Raan porundangan karajaan nopo nga noobi maya nasional do Kongres, iso institusi drikameral mantad do 166 tirikohon Diwan Rakyat om 102 tirikohon Senat.[36][37] Diwan Pogun nopo nga pinili maya nasional om Diwan Mongobi Rakyat ii nopili id watas pomilian raya.[38] Puru koduuduo diwan nopo nga nopili montok berkhidmat solinaid apat toun duo wulan pogulu presiden ii maya do tundi kaanangan.[39]
Raan kohakiman nopo nga binuruan do apat mahkamah takawas,[40] mantad do Mahkamah Agung ii manarampas kokomoi ahal keseksaan om sivil, Majlis Pogun ii kitonggungan poimbida montok undang-undang pontadbiran om nogi manahak pason undang-undang kumaa eksekutif, Mahkamah Porlombagaan ii kitonggungan montok mantamong integriti porlombagaan Colombia, miampai Majlis Takawas Kohakiman kitonggungan montok mongaudit raan kohakiman.[41] Colombia nopo nga manarampas sistom undang-undang sivil mantad 1991 ii ginuno maya sistom pormusuhan[42]
Colombia GDP maya sektor ontok 2017Bancolombia headquarter id Medellín
Id aspek sajara ekonomi agraria, nokoburu tomod o Colombia ontok pompod dau miampai do 15.8% mantad tenaga kukumalaja id pomutanaman, miampai nakaanu do 6.6% mantad KDNK; 20% mantad tenaga kukumalaja id industri om 65% id perkhimatan miampai do 33% om 60% mantad KDNK.[43][44] Kopolobusan ekonomi pogun nopo nga kogumuan mantad pokionuan domestik di agaras. Pomoomoli nopo nga pomogunoon mantad tonsi walai sabaagi komponen tagayo id KDNK.[45][46][47]
↑Fawcett de Posada, Louise; Posada Carbó, Eduardo (1992)."En la tierra de las oportunidades: los sirio-libaneses en Colombia" [In the land of opportunity: the Syrian-Lebanese in Colombia](PDF).Boletín Cultural y Bibliográfico (id boros Sepanyol). publicaciones.banrepcultural.org.29 (29): 8–11.Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 2 March 2016. Linoyog ontok20 July 2017.
↑S.A.S, Editorial La República (26 April 2022)."Colombia y Medio Oriente".Diario La República (id boros Sepanyol).Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 24 November 2022. Linoyog ontok26 February 2023.
↑Faucher, Nicolás Murillo (11 August 2014)."La herencia Africana en Colombia".Libre Pensador (id boros Sepanyol).Pinoopi mantad sanḏad ontok 27 February 2023. Linoyog ontok26 February 2023.
↑Colombian Constitution of 1991 (Title VII – Concerning the executive branch)
↑Colombian Constitution of 1991 (Title V – Concerning the organization of the state – Chapter 1 – Concerning the structure of the state – Article 114)
↑Colombian Constitution of 1991 (Chapter 4 – Concerning the senate – Article 171)
↑Colombian Constitution of 1991 (Chapter 5 – Concerning the chamber of representatives – Article 176)
↑Colombian Constitution of 1991 (Title VI – Concerning the legislative branch – Chapter 1 – Concerning its structure and functions – Article 132)
↑Colombian Constitution of 1991 (Title VII – Concerning the judiciary branch – Chapter 2 – Concerning ordinary jurisdiction – Article 234)
↑Colombian Constitution of 1991 (Title VIII – Concerning the judiciary branch)
↑Landau, David (2017).Colombian Constitutional Law: Leading Cases. Oxford University Press. p. 217.ISBN9780190640378.The 1991 Constitution moved Colombia away from the inquisitorial criminal system that it has traditionally possessed (and where the judge plays the leading role in the criminal process), and toward an adversarial system more like the American system, where lawyers act for each side as the protagonists.
.svg)
.svg)
.svg)
.svg)
.svg)
.svg)
.jpeg)