
Abstract
This paper considers the concept of Phrygia, its origins at the cusp of the Early Iron Age, the beginning of the process of state formation marking the start of the Middle Iron Age and the possible development of a large unified kingdom under Midas son of Gordias. Secondly, the paper turns to consider the aftermath of the Phrygian state following the death of Midas and the period of Lydian hegemony together with the establishment of a new Phrygian petty kingdom east of the Kızılırmak (the Red River, the classical Halys River) in the first half of the 6th century BCE. In order to assess the extent of the territory of Phrygia, it has been necessary to consider evidence for neighbouring polities, particularly the Neo-Hittite kingdoms to the south and ‘Cappadocia’ to the southeast and east. Two maps graphically illustrate the principal suggestions.
Acknowledgements
I am extremely grateful to Michele Massa for much discussion and also for making the two maps in GIS according to my speculations. I am also grateful to Selim Adalı, David Hawkins, Peter Kuniholm, James Osborne, Annick Payne, Mary Voigt and Mark Weeden for comments that have resulted in significant improvements. None of the above are necessarily in agreement with the views expressed which, along with any errors, are the responsibility of the author.
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Frontmatter
- Vorwort der Herausgeberinnen und Herausgeber
- Notes on Two Amulets (Tyszkiewicz and de Serres) Inscribed with Sumerian Incantations
- The Eponyms of the Babylonian War of Tukultī-Ninurta I
- Some Reflections on the Use and the Meaning of the Signlugal in Urartian Inscriptions
- On the Periphery of the Clerical Community of Old Babylonian Ur
- Murder in Anatolia
- A Compendium of Official Correspondence from Seleucid Uruk
- Annäherungen an die Bedeutung und Funktion vonšaḫūrū in altmesopotamischen Bauwerken
- Resizing Phrygia: Migration, State and Kingdom
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Frontmatter
- Vorwort der Herausgeberinnen und Herausgeber
- Notes on Two Amulets (Tyszkiewicz and de Serres) Inscribed with Sumerian Incantations
- The Eponyms of the Babylonian War of Tukultī-Ninurta I
- Some Reflections on the Use and the Meaning of the Signlugal in Urartian Inscriptions
- On the Periphery of the Clerical Community of Old Babylonian Ur
- Murder in Anatolia
- A Compendium of Official Correspondence from Seleucid Uruk
- Annäherungen an die Bedeutung und Funktion vonšaḫūrū in altmesopotamischen Bauwerken
- Resizing Phrygia: Migration, State and Kingdom