Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム
URL:

Skip to main content

Advertisement

Springer Nature Link
Log in

The Human Mast Cell

An Overview

  • Protocol

Part of the book series:Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 315))

Abstract

Mast cells are fascinating, multifunctional, tissue-dwelling cells that have been traditionally associated with the allergic response. However, recent studies suggest these cells may be capable of regulating inflammation, host defense, and innate immunity. The purpose of this review is to present salient aspects of mast cell biology in the context of mast cell function in physiology and disease. After their development from bone marrow-derived progenitor cells that are primed with stem cell factor, mast cells continue their maturation and differentiation in peripheral tissue, developing into two well-described subsets of cells, MCT and MCTC cells. These cells can be distinguished on the basis of their tissue location, dependence on T lymphocytes, and their granule contents. Mast cells can undergo activation by antigens/allergens (acting via the high-affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E, also referred to as FcεRI), superoxides, complement proteins, neuropeptides, and lipoproteins. After activation, mast cells express histamine, leukotrienes, and prostanoids, as well as proteases, and many cytokines and chemokines. These mediators may be pivotal to the genesis of an inflammatory response. By virtue of their location and mediator expression, mast cells may play an active role in many diseases, such as allergy, parasitic diseases, atherosclerosis, malignancy, asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, and arthritis. Recent data also suggest that mast cells play a vital role in host defense against pathogens by elaboration of tumor necrosis factor alpha. Mast cells also express the Toll-like receptor, which may further accentuate their role in the immune-inflammatory response. This chapter summarizes the many well-known and novel functional aspects of human mast cell biology and emphasizes their unique role in the inflammatory response.

This is a preview of subscription content,log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bloom, G. D. (1984) A short history of the mast cell.Acta Otolaryngol. Suppl.414, 87–92.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Metcalfe, D. D., Baram, D., and Mekori, Y. A. (1997) Mast cells.Physiol. Rev77, 1033–1079.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Church, M. K. and Levi-Schaffer, F. (1997) The human mast cell.J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.99, 155–160.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Kelley, J. L., Chi, D. S., Abou-Auda, W., Smith, J. K., and Krishnaswamy, G. (2000) The molecular role of mast cells in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.Mol. Med. Today6, 304–308.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Valent, P. (1995) Cytokines involved in growth and differentiation of human basophils and mast cells.Exp. Dermatol.4, 255–259.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Valent, P., Sillaber, C., and Bettelheim, P. (1991) The growth and differentiation of mast cells.Prog. Growth Factor Res.3, 27–41.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Galli, S. J., Tsai, M., Wershil, B. K., Tam, S. Y., and Costa, J. J. (1995) Regulation of mouse and human mast cell development, survival and function by stem cell factor, the ligand for the c-kit receptor.Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol.107, 51–53.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Kirshenbaum, A. S., Goff, J. P., Semere, T., Foster, B., Scott, L. M., and Metcalfe, D. D. (1999) Demonstration that human mast cells arise from a progenitor cell population that is CD34(+), c-kit(+), and expresses aminopeptidase N (CD13).Blood94, 2333–2342.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Kirshenbaum, A. S., Kessler, S. W., Goff, J. P., and Metcalfe, D. D. (1991) Demonstration of the origin of human mast cells from CD34+ bone marrow progenitor cells.J. Immunol.146, 1410–1415.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Nilsson, G., Butterfield, J. H., Nilsson, K., and Siegbahn, A. (1994) Stem cell factor is a chemotactic factor for human mast cells.J. Immunol.153, 3717–3723.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Vliagoftis, H., Worobec, A. S., and Metcalfe, D. D. (1997) The protooncogene c-kit and c-kit ligand in human disease.J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.100, 435–440.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Nagata, H., Worobec, A. S., Semere, T., and Metcalfe, D. D. (1998) Elevated expression of the proto-oncogene c-kit in patients with mastocytosis.Leukemia12, 175–181.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Worobec, A. S., Semere, T., Nagata, H., and Metcalfe, D. D. (1998) Clinical correlates of the presence of the Asp816Val c-kit mutation in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with mastocytosis.Cancer83, 2120–2129.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Mekori, Y. A., Oh, C. K., and Metcalfe, D. D. (1995) The role of c-Kit and its ligand, stem cell factor, in mast cell apoptosis.Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol.107, 136–138.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Mekori, Y. A., Gilfillan, A. M., Akin, C., Hartmann, K., and Metcalfe, D. D. (2001) Human mast cell apoptosis is regulated through Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL.J. Clin. Immunol.21, 171–174.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Quackenbush, E. J., Wershil, B. K., Aguirre, V., and Gutierrez-Ramos, J. C. (1998) Eotaxin modulates myelopoiesis and mast cell development from embryonic hematopoietic progenitors.Blood92, 1887–1897.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Kirshenbaum, A. S., Goff, J. P., Albert, J. P., Kessler, S. W., and Metcalfe, D. D. (1994) Fibroblasts determine the fate of Fc epsilon RI+ cell populations in vitro by selectively supporting the viability of mast cells while internalizing and degrading basophils.Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol.105, 374–380.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Atkins, F. M., Friedman, M. M., Subba Rao, P. V., and Metcalfe, D. D. (1985) Interactions between mast cells, fibroblasts and connective tissue components.Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol.77, 96–102.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Schwartz, L. B. (1998) The mast cell, inTextbook of Rheumatology (Kelley, W. N., Harris, E. D., Ruddy, S., and Sledge, C. B., eds.), W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, pp. 161–175.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Schwartz, L. B., Irani, A. M., Roller, K., Castells, M. C., and Schechter, N. M. (1987) Quantitation of histamine, tryptase, and chymase in dispersed human T and TC mast cells.J. Immunol.138, 2611–2615.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Kraemer, R. (1987) [Mechanisms of allergic reactions and potential therapeutic approach in childhood bronchial asthma] Mechanismen der allergischen Reaktion und mogliche therapeutische Ansatze beim kindlichen Asthma bronchiale.Schweiz. Rundsch. Med. Prax.76, 581–585.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Fung-Leung, W. P., Sousa-Hitzler, J., Ishaque, A., et al. (1996) Transgenic mice expressing the human high-affinity immunoglobulin (Ig) E receptor alpha chain respond to human IgE in mast cell degranulation and in allergic reactions.J. Exp. Med.183, 49–56.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Nadler, M. J., Matthews, S. A., Turner, H., and Kinet, J. P. (2000) Signal transduction by the high-affinity immunoglobulin E receptor Fc epsilon RI: coupling form to function.Adv. Immunol.76, 325–355.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Turner, H. and Kinet, J. P. (1999) Signalling through the high-affinity IgE receptor Fc epsilonRI.Nature402, B24–B30.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Daeron, M., Malbec, O., Latour, S., Espinosa, E., Pina, P., and Fridman, W. H. (1995) Regulation of tyrosine-containing activation motif-dependent cell signalling by Fc gamma RII.Immunol. Lett.44, 119–123.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Hibbs, M. L. and Dunn, A. R. (1997) Lyn, a src-like tyrosine kinase.Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol.29, 397–400.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Suzuki, H., Takei, M., Yanagida, M., Nakahata, T., Kawakami, T., and Fukamachi, H. (1997) Early and late events in Fc epsilon RI signal transduction in human cultured mast cells.J. Immunol.159, 5881–5888.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Marone, G., Casolaro, V., Patella, V., Florio, G., and Triggiani, M. (1997) Molecular and cellular biology of mast cells and basophils.Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol.114, 207–217.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Schulman, E. S. (1993) The role of mast cells in inflammatory responses in the lung.Crit. Rev. Immunol.13, 35–70.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Schulman, E. S., Post, T. J., Henson, P. M., and Giclas, P. C. (1988) Differential effects of the complement peptides, C5a and C5a des Arg on human basophil and lung mast cell histamine release.J. Clin. Invest.81, 918–923.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Prodeus, A. P., Zhou, X., Maurer, M., Galli, S. J., and Carroll, M. C. (1997) Impaired mast cell-dependent natural immunity in complement C3-deficient mice.Nature390, 172–175.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Abraham, S. N. and Malaviya, R. (1997) Mast cells in infection and immunity.Infect. Immun.65, 3501–3508.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Malaviya, R. and Abraham, S. N. (1998) Clinical implications of mast cell-bacteria interaction.J. Mol. Med.76, 617–623.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Galli, S. J. and Wershil, B. K. (1996) The two faces of the mast cell.Nature381, 21–22.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Galli, S. J. (1993) New concepts about the mast cell.N. Engl. J. Med.328, 257–265.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Ackermann, L., Pelkonen, J., and Harvima, I. T. (1998) Staphylococcal enterotoxin B inhibits the production of interleukin-4 in a human mast-cell line HMC-1.Immunology94, 247–252.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. McCloskey, M. A. (1988) Cholera toxin potentiates IgE-coupled inositol phospholipid hydrolysis and mediator secretion by RBL-2H3 cells.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA85, 7260–7264.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Galli, S. J., Maurer, M., and Lantz, C. S. (1999) Mast cells as sentinels of innate immunity.Curr. Opin. Immunol.11, 53–59.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Silber, G., Proud, D., Warner, J., et al. (1988) In vivo release of inflammatory mediators by hyperosmolar solutions.Am. Rev. Respir. Dis.137, 606–612.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Fitzgerald, S. M., Lee, S. A., Hall, H. K., Chi, D. S., and Krishnaswamy, G. (2004) Human lung fibroblasts express interleukin-6 in response to signaling after mast cell contact.Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol.30, 585–593.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Chi, D. S., Fitzgerald, S. M., Pitts, S., et al. (2004) MAPK-dependent regulation of IL-1-and beta-adrenoreceptor-induced inflammatory cytokine production from mast cells: implications for the stress response.BMC Immunol.5, 22.

    Article PubMed CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Krishnaswamy, G., Hall, K., Youngberg, G., et al. (2002) Regulation of eosinophil-active cytokine production from human cord blood-derived mast cells.J. Interferon Cytokine Res.22, 379–388.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Lee, S. A., Fitzgerald, S. M., Huang, S. K., et al. (2004) Molecular regulation of interleukin-13 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in human mast cells by interleukin-1beta.Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol.31, 283–291.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Abraham, S. N., Thankavel, K., and Malaviya, R. (1997) Mast cells as modulators of host defense in the lung.Front. Biosci.2, d78–d87.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Plaut, M., Pierce, J. H., Watson, C. J., Hanley-Hyde, J., Nordan, R. P., and Paul, W. E. (1989) Mast cell lines produce lymphokines in response to cross-linkage of Fc epsilon RI or to calcium ionophores.Nature339, 64–67.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Bradding, P. and Holgate, S. T. (1996) The mast cell as a source of cytokines in asthma.Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.796, 272–281.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Bradding, P. (1996) Human mast cell cytokines.Clin. Exp. Allergy.26, 13–19.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Malaviya, R., Ikeda, T., Ross, E., and Abraham, S. N. (1996) Mast cell modulation of neutrophil influx and bacterial clearance at sites of infection through TNF-alpha.Nature381, 77–80.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Walsh, L. J., Trinchieri, G., Waldorf, H. A., Whitaker, D., and Murphy, G. F. (1991) Human dermal mast cells contain and release tumor necrosis factor alpha, which induces endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA88, 4220–4224.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Bradding, P., Mediwake, R., Feather, I. H., et al. (1995) TNF alpha is localized to nasal mucosal mast cells and is released in acute allergic rhinitis.Clin. Exp. Allergy25, 406–415.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Anderson, W. H., Davidson, T. M., and Broide, D. H. (1996) Mast cell TNF mRNA expression in nasal mucosa demonstrated byin situ hybridization: a comparison of mast cell detection methods.J. Immunol. Methods189, 145–155.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Ackerman, V., Marini, M., Vittori, E., Bellini, A., Vassali, G., and Mattoli, S. (1994) Detection of cytokines and their cell sources in bronchial biopsy specimens from asthmatic patients. Relationship to atopic status, symptoms, and level of airway hyperresponsiveness.Chest105, 687–696.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Buckley, M. G., Williams, C. M., Thompson, J., et al. (1995) IL-4 enhances IL-3 and IL-8 gene expression in a human leukemic mast cell line.Immunology84, 410–415.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Krishnaswamy, G., Lakshman, T., Miller, A. R., et al. (1997) Multifunctional cytokine expression by human mast cells: regulation by T cell membrane contact and glucocorticoids.J. Interferon. Cytokine. Res.17, 167–176.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Bradding, P., Roberts, J. A., Britten, K. M., et al. (1994) Interleukin-4,-5, and-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in normal and asthmatic airways: evidence for the human mast cell as a source of these cytokines.Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol.10, 471–480.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Bradding, P., Feather, I. H., Wilson, S., et al. (1993) Immunolocalization of cytokines in the nasal mucosa of normal and perennial rhinitic subjects. The mast cell as a source of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6 in human allergic mucosal inflammation.J. Immunol.151, 3853–3865.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Ying, S., Humbert, M., Barkans, J., et al. (1997) Expression of IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA and protein product by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, eosinophils, and mast cells in bronchial biopsies obtained from atopic and nonatopic (intrinsic) asthmatics.J. Immunol.158, 3539–3544.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Ando, M., Miyazaki, E., Fukami, T., Kumamoto, T., and Tsuda, T. (1999) Interleukin-4-producing cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an immunohistochemical study.Respirology4, 383–391.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Barata, L. T., Ying, S., Meng, Q., et al. (1998) IL-4-and IL-5-positive T lymphocytes, eosinophils, and mast cells in allergen-induced late-phase cutaneous reactions in atopic subjects.J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.101, 222–230.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Okayama, Y., Petit-Frere, C., Kassel, O., et al. (1995) IgE-dependent expression of mRNA for IL-4 and IL-5 in human lung mast cells.J. Immunol.155, 1796–1808.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Lippert, U., Kruger-Krasagakes, S., Moller, A., Kiessling, U., and Czarnetzki, B. M. (1995) Pharmacological modulation of IL-6 and IL-8 secretion by the H1-antagonist decarboethoxy-loratadine and dexamethasone by human mast and basophilic cell lines.Exp. Dermatol.4, 272–276.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Bradding, P., Feather, I. H., Wilson, S., Holgate, S. T., and Howarth, P. H. (1995) Cytokine immunoreactivity in seasonal rhinitis: regulation by a topical corticosteroid.Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.151, 1900–1906.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Bradding, P., Okayama, Y., Howarth, P. H., Church, M. K., and Holgate, S. T. (1995) Heterogeneity of human mast cells based on cytokine content.J. Immunol.155, 297–307.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Kruger-Krasagakes, S., Grutzkau, A., Krasagakis, K., Hoffmann, S., and Henz, B. M. (1999) Adhesion of human mast cells to extracellular matrix provides a co-stimulatory signal for cytokine production.Immunology98, 253–257.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Grutzkau, A., Kruger-Krasagakes, S., Kogel, H., Moller, A., Lippert, U., and Henz, B. M. (1997) Detection of intracellular interleukin-8 in human mast cells: flow cytometry as a guide for immunoelectron microscopy.J. Histochem. Cytochem.45, 935–945.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Hultner, L., Kolsch, S., Stassen, M., et al. (2000) In activated mast cells, IL-1 up-regulates the production of several Th2-related cytokines including IL-9.J. Immunol.164, 5556–5563.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Ishizuka, T., Okayama, Y., Kobayashi, H., and Mori, M. (1999) Interleukin-10 is localized to and released by human lung mast cells.Clin. Exp. Allergy29, 1424–1432.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Burd, P. R., Thompson, W. C., Max, E. E., and Mills, F. C. (1995) Activated mast cells produce interleukin 13.J. Exp. Med.181, 1373–1380.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Toru, H., Pawankar, R., Ra, C., Yata, J., and Nakahata, T. (1998) Human mast cells produce IL-13 by high-affinity IgE receptor cross-linking: enhanced IL-13 production by IL-4-primed human mast cells.J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.102, 491–502.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Kanbe, N., Kurosawa, M., Yamashita, T., Kurimoto, F., Yanagihara, Y., and Miyachi, Y. (1999) Cord-blood-derived human cultured mast cells produce interleukin 13 in the presence of stem cell factor.Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol.119, 138–142.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Rumsaeng, V., Cruikshank, W. W., Foster, B., et al. (1997) Human mast cells produce the CD4+ T lymphocyte chemoattractant factor, IL-16.J. Immunol.159, 2904–2910.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Yano, K., Yamaguchi, M., de Mora, F., et al. (1997) Production of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha by human mast cells: increased anti-IgE-dependent secretion after IgE-dependent enhancement of mast cell IgE-binding ability.Lab. Invest.77, 185–193.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Selvan, R. S., Butterfield, J. H., and Krangel, M. S. (1994) Expression of multiple chemokine genes by a human mast cell leukemia.J. Biol. Chem.269, 13,893–13,898.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Trautmann, A., Toksoy, A., Engelhardt, E., Brocker, E. B., and Gillitzer, R. (2000) Mast cell involvement in normal human skin wound healing: expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 is correlated with recruitment of mast cells which synthesize interleukin-4 in vivo.J. Pathol.190, 100–106.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Baghestanian, M., Hofbauer, R., Kiener, H. P., et al. (1997) The c-kit ligand stem cell factor and anti-IgE promote expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in human lung mast cells.Blood90, 4438–4449.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Yamada, T., Sawatsubashi, M., Yakushiji, H., et al. (1998) Localization of vascular endothelial growth factor in synovial membrane mast cells: examination with “multi-labelling subtraction immunostainin”.Virchows Arch.433, 567–570

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Nilsson, G., Forsberg-Nilsson, K., Xiang, Z., Hallbook, F., Nilsson, K., and Metcalfe, D. D. (1997) Human mast cells express functional TrkA and are a source of nerve growth factor.Eur. J. Immunol.27, 2295–2301.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. De Paulis, A., Minopoli, G., Arbustini, E., et al. (1999) Stem cell factor is localized in, released from, and cleaved by human mast cells.J. Immunol.163, 2799–2808.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Zhang, S., Anderson, D. F., Bradding, P., et al. (1998) Human mast cells express stem cell factor.J. Pathol.186, 59–66.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Krishnaswamy, G., Mukkamala, R., Yerra, L., and Smith, J. K. (1999) Molecular therapies for asthma.Fed. Pract.2, 16–26.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Byrd, R. P., Krishnaswamy, G., and Roy, T. M. (2000) Difficult-to-manage asthma. How to pinpoint the exacerbating factors.Postgrad. Med.108, 37–51.

    Article PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Gauchat, J. F., Henchoz, S., Mazzei, G., et al. (1993) Induction of human IgE synthesis in B cells by mast cells and basophils.Nature365, 340–343.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Stadler, B. M. and Gauchat, D. (1987) [Current concepts in immunoregulation and its significance for allergies] Concepts nouveaux de l’immuno-regulation et leur signification pour l’allergie.Rev. Med. Suisse Romande107, 289–293.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Paul,W. E. and Seder, R. A. (1994) Lymphocyte responses and cytokines.Cell76, 241–251.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Karpus, W. J., Lukacs, N. W., Kennedy, K. J., Smith, W. S., Hurst, S. D., and Barrett, T. A. (1997) Differential CC chemokine-induced enhancement of T helper cell cytokine production.J. Immunol.158, 4129–4136.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Szczeklik, A. (2000) Atopy and sudden cardiac death.Lancet355, 2254.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Szczeklik, A., Sladek, K., Szczerba, A., and Dropinski, J. (1988) Serum immunoglobulin E response to myocardial infarction.Circulation77, 1245–1249.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Kauhanen, P., Kovanen, P. T., Reunala, T., and Lassila, R. (1998) Effects of skin mast cells on bleeding time and coagulation activation at the site of platelet plug formation.Thromb. Haemost.79, 843–847.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Jeziorska, M., McCollum, C., and Woolley, D. E. (1997) Mast cell distribution, activation, and phenotype in atherosclerotic lesions of human carotid arteries.J. Pathol.182, 115–122.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Kovanen, P. T., Kaartinen, M., and Paavonen, T. (1995) Infiltrates of activated mast cells at the site of coronary atheromatous erosion or rupture in myocardial infarction.Circulation92, 1084–1088.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Reilly, C. F., Schechter, N. B., and Travis, J. (1985) Inactivation of bradykinin and kallidin by cathepsin G and mast cell chymase.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.127, 443–449.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Uehara, Y., Urata, H., Sasaguri, M., et al. (2000) Increased chymase activity in internal thoracic artery of patients with hypercholesterolemia.Hypertension35, 55–60.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Paananen, K. and Kovanen, P. T. (1994) Proteolysis and fusion of low density lipoprotein particles independently strengthen their binding to exocytosed mast cell granules.J. Biol. Chem.269, 2023–2031.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Lindstedt, L., Lee, M., Castro, G. R., Fruchart, J. C., and Kovanen, P. T. (1996) Chymase in exocytosed rat mast cell granules effectively proteolyses apolipoprotein AI-containing lipoproteins, so reducing the cholesterol effluxinducing ability of serum and aortic intimal fluid.J. Clin. Invest.97, 2174–2182.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Sillaber, C., Baghestanian, M., Bevec, D., et al. (1999) The mast cell as site of tissue-type plasminogen activator expression and fibrinolysis.J. Immunol.162, 1032–1041.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Cho, S. H., Tam, S. W., Demissie-Sanders, S., Filler, S. A., and Oh, C. K. (2000) Production of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 by human mast cells and its possible role in asthma.J. Immunol.165, 3154–3161.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Schwartz, L. B., Bradford, T. R., Littman, B. H., and Wintroub, B. U. (1985) The fibrinogenolytic activity of purified tryptase from human lung mast cells.J. Immunol.135, 2762–2767.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Henz, B. M., Maurer, M., Lippert, U., Worm, M., and Babina, M. (2001) Mast cells as initiators of immunity and host defense.Exp. Dermatol.10, 1–10.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Mekori, Y. A. and Metcalfe, D. D. (1999) Mast cell-T cell interactions.J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.104, 517–523.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Arock, M., Ross, E., Lai-Kuen, R., Averlant, G., Gao, Z., and Abraham, S. N. (1998) Phagocytic and tumor necrosis factor alpha response of human mast cells following exposure to gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.Infect. Immun.66, 6030–6034.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Levi-Schaffer, F. and Rubinchik, E. (1995) Mast cell role in fibrotic diseases.Isr. J. Med. Sci.31, 450–453.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Chlap, Z., Jedynak, U., and Sladek, K. (1998) [Mast cell: its significance in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytologic diagnosis of bronchial asthma and interstitial lung disease] Komorka tuczna: znaczenie w diagnostyce cytologicznej plynu oskrzelowo-pecherzykowego w astmie oskrzelowej i chorobach srodmiazszowych pluc.Pneumonol. Alergol. Pol.66, 321–329.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Hunt, L. W., Colby, T. V., Weiler, D. A., Sur, S., and Butterfield, J. H. (1992) Immunofluorescent staining for mast cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: quantification and evidence for extracellular release of mast cell tryptase.Mayo Clin. Proc.67, 941–948.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Ehara, T. and Shigematsu, H. (1998) Contribution of mast cells to the tubulointerstitial lesions in IgA nephritis.Kidney Int.54, 1675–1683.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Inoue, Y., King, T. E., Jr., Tinkle, S. S., Dockstader, K., and Newman, L. S. (1996) Human mast cell basic fibroblast growth factor in pulmonary fibrotic disorders.Am. J. Pathol.149, 2037–2054.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Chanez, P., Lacoste, J. Y., Guillot, B., et al. (1993) Mast cells’ contribution to the fibrosing alveolitis of the scleroderma lung.Am. Rev. Respir. Dis.147, 1497–1502.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Lee, Y. S. and Vijayasingam, S. (1995) Mast cells and myofibroblasts in keloid: a light microscopic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study.Ann. Acad. Med. Singapore24, 902–905.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Pesci, A., Bertorelli, G., Gabrielli, M., and Olivieri, D. (1993) Mast cells in fibrotic lung disorders.Chest103, 989–996.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Jordana, M. (1993) Mast cells and fibrosis—who’s on first?Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol.8, 7–8.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Yamashita, Y., Nakagomi, K., Takeda, T., Hasegawa, S., and Mitsui, Y. (1992) Effect of heparin on pulmonary fibroblasts and vascular cells.Thorax47, 634–639.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Jordana, M., Befus, A. D., Newhouse, M. T., Bienenstock, J., and Gauldie, J. (1988) Effect of histamine on proliferation of normal human adult lung fibroblasts.Thorax43, 552–558.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Levi-Schaffer, F., Kelav-Appelbaum, R., and Rubinchik, E. (1995) Human foreskin mast cell viability and functional activity is maintained ex vivo by coculture with fibroblasts.Cell Immunol.162, 211–216.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Heard, B. E., Dewar, A., and Corrin, B. (1992) Apposition of fibroblasts to mast cells and lymphocytes in normal human lung and in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. Ultrastructure and cell perimeter measurements.J. Pathol.166, 303–310.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Adawi, A., Zhang, Y., Baggs, R., et al. (1998) Blockade of CD40-CD40 ligand interactions protects against radiation-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis.Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol.89, 222–230.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Williams, C. M. and Galli, S. J. (2000) The diverse potential effector and immunoregulatory roles of mast cells in allergic disease.J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.105, 847–859.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Worobec, A. S., Akin, C., Scott, L. M., and Metcalfe, D. D. (1998) Cytogenetic abnormalities and their lack of relationship to the Asp816Val c-kit mutation in the pathogenesis of mastocytosis.J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.102, 523–524.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Nagata, H., Okada, T., Worobec, A. S., Semere, T., and Metcalfe, D. D. (1997) c-kit mutation in a population of patients with mastocytosis.Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol.113, 184–186.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Akin, C., Kirshenbaum, A. S., Semere, T., Worobec, A. S., Scott, L. M., and Metcalfe, D. D. (2000) Analysis of the surface expression of c-kit and occurrence of the c-kit Asp816Val activating mutation in T cells, B cells, and myelomonocytic cells in patients with mastocytosis.Exp. Hematol.28, 140–147.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Metcalfe, D. D. and Akin, C. (2001) Mastocytosis: molecular mechanisms and clinical disease heterogeneity.Leuk. Res.25, 577–582.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Hartmann, K. and Henz, B. M. (2001) Mastocytosis: recent advances in defining the disease.Br. J. Dermatol.144, 682–695.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Soter, N. A. (2000) Mastocytosis and the skin.Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North Am.14, 537–55, vi.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. Horny, H. P., Ruck, P., Krober, S., and Kaiserling, E. (1997) Systemic mast cell disease (mastocytosis). General aspects and histopathological diagnosis.Histol. Histopathol.12, 1081–1089.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  123. Pullarkat, V. A., Pullarkat, S. T., Calverley, D. C., and Brynes, R. K. (2000) Mast cell disease associated with acute myeloid leukemia: detection of a new ckit mutation Asp816His.Am. J. Hematol.65, 307–309.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  124. Lehmann, T., Beyeler, C., Lammle, B., et al. (1996) Severe osteoporosis due to systemic mast cell disease: successful treatment with interferon alpha-2B.Br. J. Rheumatol.35, 898–900.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Parker, R. I. (2000) Hematologic aspects of systemic mastocytosis.Hematol.Oncol. Clin. North Am.14, 557–568.

    Article CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Schwartz, L. B., Sakai, K., Bradford, T. R., et al. (1995) The alpha form of human tryptase is the predominant type present in blood at baseline in normal subjects and is elevated in those with systemic mastocytosis.J. Clin. Invest.96, 2702–2710.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. Dabbous, M. K., Woolley, D. E., Haney, L., Carter, L. M., and Nicolson, G. L. (1986) Host-mediated effectors of tumor invasion: role of mast cells in matrix degradation.Clin. Exp. Metastasis4, 141–152.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  128. Duncan, L. M., Richards, L. A., and Mihm, M. C., Jr. (1998) Increased mast cell density in invasive melanoma.J. Cutan. Pathol.25, 11–15.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  129. Le Querrec, A., Duval, D., and Tobelem, G. (1993) Tumour angiogenesis.Baillieres Clin. Haematol.6, 711–730.

    Article PubMed  Google Scholar 

  130. Marone, G., Florio, G., Triggiani, M., Petraroli, A., and De Paulis, A. (2000) Mechanisms of IgE elevation in HIV-1 infection.Crit. Rev. Immunol.20, 477–496.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  131. Kolodgie, F. D., Virmani, R., Cornhill, J. F., Herderick, E. E., and Smialek, J. (1991) Increase in atherosclerosis and adventitial mast cells in cocaine abusers: an alternative mechanism of cocaine-associated coronary vasospasm and thrombosis.J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.17, 1553–1560.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  132. Kelley, J., Chi, D. S., Henry, J., Stone, W. L., Smith, J. K., and Krishnaswamy, G. (2000) HIV-and cocaine-induced cardiovascular disease: pathogenesis and clinical implications.Cardiovasc. Rev. Rep.XXI, 365–370.

    Google Scholar 

  133. Buckley, M. G., Walters, C., Wong, W. M., et al. (1997) Mast cell activation in arthritis: detection of alpha-and beta-tryptase, histamine and eosinophil cationic protein in synovial fluid.Clin. Sci. (Colch.)93, 363–370.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Mican, J. M. and Metcalfe, D. D. (1990) Arthritis and mast cell activation.J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.86, 677–683.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  135. Renoux, M., Hilliquin, P., Galoppin, L., Florentin, I., and Menkes, C. J. (1996) Release of mast cell mediators and nitrites into knee joint fluid in osteoarthritis—comparison with articular chondrocalcinosis and rheumatoid arthritis.Osteoarthritis Cartilage4, 175–179.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  136. Renoux, M., Hilliquin, P., Galoppin, L., Florentin, J., and Menkes, C. J. (1995) Cellular activation products in osteoarthritis synovial fluid.Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Res.15, 135–138.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  137. Woolley, D. E. and Tetlow, L. C. (2000) Mast cell activation and its relation to proinflammatory cytokine production in the rheumatoid lesion.Arthritis Res.2, 65–74.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  138. He, S., Gaca, M. D., and Walls, A. F. (2001) The activation of synovial mast cells: modulation of histamine release by tryptase and chymase and their inhibitors.Eur. J. Pharmacol.412, 223–229.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  139. Bridges, A. J., Malone, D. G., Jicinsky, J., et al. (1991) Human synovial mast cell involvement in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Relationship to disease type, clinical activity, and antirheumatic therapy.Arthritis Rheum.34, 1116–1124.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  140. Olsson, N., Ulfgren, A. K., and Nilsson, G. (2001) Demonstration of mast cell chemotactic activity in synovial fluid from rheumatoid patients.Ann. Rheum. Dis.60, 187–193.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  141. Yamada, T., Sawatsubashi, M., Yakushiji, H., et al. (1998) Localization of vascular endothelial growth factor in synovial membrane mast cells: examination with “multi-labelling subtraction immunostaining.”Virchows Arch.433, 567–570

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  142. Skopouli, F. N., Li, L., Boumba, D., et al. (1998) Association of mast cells with fibrosis and fatty infiltration in the minor salivary glands of patients with Sjogren’s syndrome.Clin. Exp. Rheumatol.16, 63–65.

    CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

  143. Enestrom, S., Bengtsson, A., and Frodin, T. (1997) Dermal IgG deposits and increase of mast cells in patients with fibromyalgia—relevant findings or epiphenomena?Scand. J. Rheumatol.26, 308–313.

    Article CAS PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the excellent secretarial assistance of Ms. Dolores Moore. This chapter was funded by NIH grants AI-43310 and HL-63070, the Rondal Cole Foundation and the Chair of Excellence in Medicine (State of Tennessee grant 20233), Cardiovascular Research Institute, AMGEN, Inc., and the Research Development Committee, East Tennessee State University.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, James H. Quillen VAMC and the Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN

    Guha Krishnaswamy

  2. Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN

    Omar Ajitawi & David S. Chi

Authors
  1. Guha Krishnaswamy

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  2. Omar Ajitawi

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  3. David S. Chi

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Quillen College of Medicine, James H. Quillen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN

    Guha Krishnaswamy  & David S. Chi  & 

Rights and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Humana Press Inc.

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Krishnaswamy, G., Ajitawi, O., Chi, D.S. (2006). The Human Mast Cell. In: Krishnaswamy, G., Chi, D.S. (eds) Mast Cells. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 315. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-967-2:013

Download citation

Publish with us

[8]ページ先頭
©2009-2025 Movatter.jp