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Journal of Optical Communications and Networking
Vol. 15,
Issue 12,
pp. 999-1007
(2023)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.497459

On clustering coherent optics point-to-multipoint trees for cost-effective bandwidth assignment in MANs

José Alberto Hernández, Farhad Arpanaei, Antonio Napoli, Carlos Castro, Óscar González de Dios, and Juan Pedro Fernández-Palacios

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José Alberto Hernández,^1,^*Farhad Arpanaei,¹Antonio Napoli,²Carlos Castro,²Óscar González de Dios,³and Juan Pedro Fernández-Palacios³

¹Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

²Infinera, Munich, Germany

³Telefonica I+D, Madrid, Spain

^*Corresponding author:jahgutie@it.uc3m.es

ORCID

José AlbertoHernández	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9551-4308
FarhadArpanaei	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1061-0614
ÓscarGonzález de Dios	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1898-0807

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José Alberto Hernández, Farhad Arpanaei, Antonio Napoli, Carlos Castro, Óscar González de Dios, and Juan Pedro Fernández-Palacios, "On clustering coherent optics point-to-multipoint trees for cost-effective bandwidth assignment in MANs," J. Opt. Commun. Netw.15, 999-1007 (2023)
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: June 8, 2023
- Revised Manuscript: September 21, 2023
- Manuscript Accepted: October 30, 2023
- Published: November 28, 2023

Abstract

Point-to-multipoint (P2MP) coherent pluggable transceivers leveraging digital subcarrier multiplexing (DSCM) techniques are gaining momentum among telecommunication operators as a technology that can potentially provide broadband connectivity in metropolitan area networks (MANs) with flexible bandwidth allocation at reduced costs. This technology allows trees to be built where central metro (hub) nodes are interconnected with remote access/aggregation (spoke) nodes with dedicated and flexible bandwidth slices, enabling better resource management, simplified architectures, and reduced costs. This paper proposes a modified version of AI/ML clustering techniques that concentrates on the same P2MP tree as those low-rate leaf nodes with uncorrelated daily traffic patterns in a cost-effective manner, thus allowing 10%–18% tree reductions. This, when compared with fixed P2P transceivers, translates into potential CAPEX savings between 40% and 50% in the different scenarios here considered.

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Journal of Optical Communications and Networking

Andrew Lord, Editor-in-Chief

Table 2.

Simulations of CA1 in 1000 Node Networks

Peak (Gb/s)	Variability	CA1	Largest-Fit	Savings
$U (10, 100)$	30% of peak	172 trees	183 trees	6.0%
$U (50, 100)$	30% of peak	220 trees	250 trees	12.0%
$U (10, 150)$	30% of peak	257 trees	278 trees	7.6%
$U (10, 100)$	80% of peak	250 trees	278 trees	5.8%
$U (50, 100)$	80% of peak	333 trees	397 trees	16.1%
$U (10, 150)$	80% of peak	440 trees	520 trees	18.2%

Table 3.

Simulations of CA2 in 1000 Node P2MP Networks

Peak (Gb/s)	Variability	$α$	Grid (km $\times$ km)	CA2	Largest-Fit	Savings
$U (10, 100)$	80% of peak	1	$100 \times 100$	162 trees	172 trees	5.8%
$U (10, 100)$	80% of peak	1	$500 \times 500$	162 trees	172 trees	5.8%
$U (10, 100)$	80% of peak	0.75	$100 \times 100$	163 trees	173 trees	5.2%
$U (10, 100)$	80% of peak	0.75	$500 \times 500$	163 trees	173 trees	5.2%
$U (10, 100)$	80% of peak	0.5	$100 \times 100$	164 trees	172 trees	4.6%
$U (10, 100)$	80% of peak	0.5	$500 \times 500$	164 trees	172 trees	4.6%
$U (10, 100)$	80% of peak	0.25	$100 \times 100$	169 trees	172 trees	1.7%
$U (10, 100)$	80% of peak	0.25	$500 \times 500$	169 trees	172 trees	1.7%
$U (10, 100)$	80% of peak	0	$100 \times 100$	172 trees	172 trees	0%
$U (10, 100)$	80% of peak	0	$500 \times 500$	172 trees	172 trees	0%

Table 4.

Comparison of P2MP versus P2P Deployments and Cost

Peak (Gb/s)	Variability	400G	200G	100G	10G	P2P Cost Units	CA2 ( $α = 1$ )	400G	100G	P2MP CU	CAPEX Savings
$U (0, 100)$	30% of peak	0	234	698	68	10,860 CU	163 trees	234	766	7404 CU	46.7%
$U (10, 100)$	30% of peak	0	264	736	0	11,584 CU	172 trees	264	736	7584 CU	52.7%
$U (50, 100)$	30% of peak	0	482	518	0	12,892 CU	220 trees	482	518	8892 CU	45.0%
$U (0, 100)$	50% of peak	12	369	558	61	11,894 CU	184 trees	381	619	8286 CU	43.5%
$U (10, 100)$	50% of peak	14	411	575	0	12,662 CU	193 trees	425	575	8550 CU	48.0%
$U (50, 100)$	50% of peak	27	711	262	0	14,644 CU	250 trees	738	262	10,644 CU	40.4%

Tables (4)

Table 1.

Example from Cluster no. 2

	h1	h2	h3	h4	h5	h6	h7	h8	h9	h10	h11	h12	h13	h14	h15	h16	h17	h18	h19	h20	h21	h22	h23	h24
Cluster 2 node 1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	4	4	3	4	3	3	3	2	2	2	2	1	1	1	2
Cluster 2 node 2	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Cluster 2 node 3	5	3	1	1	1	2	2	1	2	2	3	5	4	4	3	3	2	3	4	4	3	5	6	3
Cluster 2 node 4	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	1	1	1	1	1	2	2	1	1	1	1	1	2	1
Cluster 2 node 5	2	3	1	2	1	1	1	3	2	2	2	4	3	5	5	3	3	2	3	4	1	2	3	3
Cluster 2 node 6	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Cluster 2 node 7	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	2	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	1	2	1	1	1
Sum	12	11	7	8	7	8	8	10	11	13	13	16	15	16	15	14	12	11	14	14	10	12	15	12

Table 2.

Simulations of CA1 in 1000 Node Networks

Peak (Gb/s)	Variability	CA1	Largest-Fit	Savings
$U (10, 100)$	30% of peak	172 trees	183 trees	6.0%
$U (50, 100)$	30% of peak	220 trees	250 trees	12.0%
$U (10, 150)$	30% of peak	257 trees	278 trees	7.6%
$U (10, 100)$	80% of peak	250 trees	278 trees	5.8%
$U (50, 100)$	80% of peak	333 trees	397 trees	16.1%
$U (10, 150)$	80% of peak	440 trees	520 trees	18.2%

Table 3.

Simulations of CA2 in 1000 Node P2MP Networks

Peak (Gb/s)	Variability	$α$	Grid (km $\times$ km)	CA2	Largest-Fit	Savings
$U (10, 100)$	80% of peak	1	$100 \times 100$	162 trees	172 trees	5.8%
$U (10, 100)$	80% of peak	1	$500 \times 500$	162 trees	172 trees	5.8%
$U (10, 100)$	80% of peak	0.75	$100 \times 100$	163 trees	173 trees	5.2%
$U (10, 100)$	80% of peak	0.75	$500 \times 500$	163 trees	173 trees	5.2%
$U (10, 100)$	80% of peak	0.5	$100 \times 100$	164 trees	172 trees	4.6%
$U (10, 100)$	80% of peak	0.5	$500 \times 500$	164 trees	172 trees	4.6%
$U (10, 100)$	80% of peak	0.25	$100 \times 100$	169 trees	172 trees	1.7%
$U (10, 100)$	80% of peak	0.25	$500 \times 500$	169 trees	172 trees	1.7%
$U (10, 100)$	80% of peak	0	$100 \times 100$	172 trees	172 trees	0%
$U (10, 100)$	80% of peak	0	$500 \times 500$	172 trees	172 trees	0%

Table 4.

Comparison of P2MP versus P2P Deployments and Cost

Peak (Gb/s)	Variability	400G	200G	100G	10G	P2P Cost Units	CA2 ( $α = 1$ )	400G	100G	P2MP CU	CAPEX Savings
$U (0, 100)$	30% of peak	0	234	698	68	10,860 CU	163 trees	234	766	7404 CU	46.7%
$U (10, 100)$	30% of peak	0	264	736	0	11,584 CU	172 trees	264	736	7584 CU	52.7%
$U (50, 100)$	30% of peak	0	482	518	0	12,892 CU	220 trees	482	518	8892 CU	45.0%
$U (0, 100)$	50% of peak	12	369	558	61	11,894 CU	184 trees	381	619	8286 CU	43.5%
$U (10, 100)$	50% of peak	14	411	575	0	12,662 CU	193 trees	425	575	8550 CU	48.0%
$U (50, 100)$	50% of peak	27	711	262	0	14,644 CU	250 trees	738	262	10,644 CU	40.4%

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Movatterモバイル変換

On clustering coherent optics point-to-multipoint trees for cost-effective bandwidth assignment in MANs

Author Affiliations

ORCID

Abstract

Cited By

Figures (6)

Tables (4)

Equations (4)

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking

Table 1.

Example from Cluster no. 2

Table 2.

Simulations of CA1 in 1000 Node Networks

Table 3.

Simulations of CA2 in 1000 Node P2MP Networks

Table 4.

Comparison of P2MP versus P2P Deployments and Cost

Tables (4)

Table 1.

Table 2.

Table 3.

Table 4.

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