Embedded within Eusebius' Ecclesiastical History is a rathercurious reference to Origen's female calligraphers (HE 6.23). Thisarticle seeks first to contextualize Eusebius' remarks by surveyingthe evidence--both literary and epigraphic--for female scribes inGreco-Roman antiquity and early Christianity. The appearances of womenas amanuenses, notariae, and librariae in Latin literatureand inscriptions are explored. The article then turns to the evidence forwomen copying texts in late-ancient Christian monasticism. The centralproposal of the article--that some of our earliest Christian manuscriptsmay have been copied by women--offers a new dimension to the history ofthe textual transmission of early Christian writings.