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    December 01 1989

    Backpropagation Applied to Handwritten Zip Code Recognition

    In Special Collection:CogNet
    Y. LeCun,
    Y. LeCun
    AT&T Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ 07733 USA
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    B. Boser,
    B. Boser
    AT&T Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ 07733 USA
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    J. S. Denker,
    J. S. Denker
    AT&T Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ 07733 USA
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    D. Henderson,
    D. Henderson
    AT&T Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ 07733 USA
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    R. E. Howard,
    R. E. Howard
    AT&T Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ 07733 USA
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    W. Hubbard,
    W. Hubbard
    AT&T Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ 07733 USA
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    L. D. Jackel
    L. D. Jackel
    AT&T Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ 07733 USA
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    Crossmark: Check for Updates
    Y. LeCun
    AT&T Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ 07733 USA
    B. Boser
    AT&T Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ 07733 USA
    J. S. Denker
    AT&T Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ 07733 USA
    D. Henderson
    AT&T Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ 07733 USA
    R. E. Howard
    AT&T Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ 07733 USA
    W. Hubbard
    AT&T Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ 07733 USA
    L. D. Jackel
    AT&T Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ 07733 USA
    Received:July 07 1989
    Accepted:September 12 1989
    Online ISSN: 1530-888X
    Print ISSN: 0899-7667
    © 1989 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    1989
    Neural Computation (1989) 1 (4): 541–551.
    Article history
    Received:
    July 07 1989
    Accepted:
    September 12 1989
    Citation

    Y. LeCun,B. Boser,J. S. Denker,D. Henderson,R. E. Howard,W. Hubbard,L. D. Jackel; Backpropagation Applied to Handwritten Zip Code Recognition.Neural Comput 1989; 1 (4): 541–551. doi:https://doi.org/10.1162/neco.1989.1.4.541

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      Abstract

      The ability of learning networks to generalize can be greatly enhanced by providing constraints from the task domain. This paper demonstrates how such constraints can be integrated into a backpropagation network through the architecture of the network. This approach has been successfully applied to the recognition of handwritten zip code digits provided by the U.S. Postal Service. A single network learns the entire recognition operation, going from the normalized image of the character to the final classification.

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      © 1989 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
      1989
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