• D. Fox, New Scientist, 24 April 1999, pp. 38–41

• F. Vollrath, Reviews in Molecular Biotechnology74, 67 (2000)

  Google Scholar 

• Z. Shao, F. Vollrath, Nature418, 741 (2002)

  Google Scholar 

• F. Vollrath, D. Knight, inHandbook of Biopolymers, edited by A. Steinbüchel, S. Fahnestock (Wiley-VCH, Heidelberg and New York, 2003), Chap. 2, p. 25

• Z. Shao, Y. Yang, X. Chen, P. Zhou, D. Knight, D. Porter, F. Vollrath,Spider silk performs as much tougher material at low temperatures, Adv. Mater. (in press)

• D.T. Grubb, L.W. Jelinski, Macromolecules30, 2860 (1997)

  Google Scholar 

• J.D. van Beek et al., PNAS99, 10266 (2002)

  Google Scholar 

• B.L. Thiel et al., Biopolymers34, 1089 (1994); B.L. Thiel, Biopolymers41, 703 (1997)

  Google Scholar 

• J.M. Gosline et al., inSilk Polymers: Materials Science and Biotechnology, edited by Kaplan et al., ACS Symposium Series 544 (ACS Press, New York, 1994), Chap. 27, p. 328

• M.A. Becker et al., inSilk Polymers: Materials Science and Biotechnology, edited by Kaplan et al., ACS Symposium Series 544 (ACS Press, New York, 1994), Chap. 17, p. 185

• Y. Termonia, Macromolecules27, 7378 (1994)

  Google Scholar 

• M.J. Forster, Micron33, 365 (2002)

  Google Scholar 

• J.J.M. Baltussen, M.G. Northolt, Polymer40, 6113 (1999)

  Google Scholar 

• A. Galeski, Prog. Polym. Sci.28, 1643 (2003)

  Google Scholar 

• D. Porter,Group Interaction Modelling of Polymer Properties (Marcel Dekker, New York, 1995)

• M.J. Buehler, F.F. Abraham, H. Gao, Nature426, 141 (2003)

  Google Scholar 

• D. Porter, Mat. Sci. Eng. A365, 38 (2004)

  Google Scholar 

• M. Xu, R.V. Lewis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA87, 7120 (1990)

  Google Scholar 

• D.W. van Krevelen,Properties of Polymers (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1993)

• J. Bicerano,Prediction of Polymer Properties (Marcel Dekker, New York, 1993)

• J. Rossmeisl et al., J. Chem. Phys.118, 9783 (2003)

  Google Scholar 

• Molecular mechanics and dynamics simulations performed on the Cerius2 system of Accelrys Inc.: seehttp://www.Accelrys.com

• B. Wunderlich, S.Z.D. Cheng, K. Loufakis,Thermodynamic Properties in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, Vol. 16 (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1989)

• H.S. Bu, S.Z.D. Cheng, B. Wunderlich, J. Phys. Chem.91, 4179 (1987)

  Google Scholar 

• V.V. Tarasov, G.A. Yunitskill, Russian J. Phys. Chem.39, 1109 (1965)

  Google Scholar 

• N.G. McCrum, B.E. Read, G. Williams,Anelastic and Dielectric Effects in Polymeric Solids(John Wiley and Sons, London, 1967)

• A. Bondi,Physical Properties of Molecular Crystals, Liquids, and Glasses (John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, 1969), p. 401

• F. Vollrath, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B268, 2339 (2001)

  Google Scholar 

• Z. Shao, F. Vollrath, Polymer40, 1799 (1999)

  Google Scholar 

• D. Porter, J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech.68, 141 (1997)

  Google Scholar 

• J. Perez-Rigueiro et al., J. Appl. Polym. Sci.82, 2245 (2001)

  Google Scholar 

• A. Lazaris et al., Science295, 472 (2002)

  Google Scholar 

Download references