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Latest Articles : Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine

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The editors of this journal are pleased to offer electronic publication of accepted papers prior to issue publication. These papers can be cited using the date of access and the unique DOI number. Any final changes in manuscripts will be made at the time of issue publication and will be reflected in the final electronic version of the issue.

Disclaimer: Articles appearing in this Latest Articles section have been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication in this journal and posted online before issue publication. Articles appearing here may contain statements, opinions, and information that have errors in facts, figures, or interpretation. Accordingly, Wolters Kluwer, the editors and authors and their respective employees are not responsible or liable for the use of any such inaccurate or misleading data, opinion or information contained the articles in this section.

REVIEW

Update on linear endobronchial ultrasound

Awano, Nobuyasu; Izumo, Takehiro; Nakajima, Takahiro
Awano, Nobuyasu; Izumo, Takehiro; Nakajima, TakahiroLess

November 20, 2025

Plain Language Summary Linear endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is crucial for diagnosing and staging lung cancer, especially with recent updates in the IASLC TNM staging system and neoadjuvant therapy guidelines. These advancements emphasize the need for precise lymph node assessment using EBUS. New biopsy techniques, like intranodal forceps biopsy and cryobiopsy, provide larger tissue samples, enhancing diagnostic accuracy for complex cases. Artificial intelligence integration into rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) improves real-time diagnostics. EBUS is now central to personalized lung cancer management, and future research should focus on creating evidence-based diagnostic algorithms to enhance patient care.

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REVIEW

Advanced bronchoscopy therapies for emphysema: current state and future potentials

Tana, Anand; Shah, Pallav L.
Tana, Anand; Shah, Pallav L.Less

November 20, 2025

Plain Language Summary Emphysema, a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, causes irreversible lung damage and breathing difficulties. While traditional treatments often leave patients symptomatic, bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) offers less invasive alternatives to surgery. Current BLVR methods use endobronchial valves or thermal vapor ablation to reduce lung volume, but their effectiveness depends on emphysema distribution and collateral ventilation. New treatments, like sealants, coils, and airway stents, are being explored to improve outcomes for patients with homogeneous emphysema or significant collateral ventilation. These innovations could broaden treatment options, though more research is needed on their long-term safety and effectiveness.

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REVIEW

Diagnostic yield: what is sufficient?

Matsumoto, Yuji; Gonzalez, Anne V.
Matsumoto, Yuji; Gonzalez, Anne V.Less

November 12, 2025

Plain Language Summary Recent advances in diagnostic bronchoscopy aim to improve the accuracy of lung cancer diagnosis while ensuring safety. A new consensus statement from ATS/CHEST offers a standardized way to define and report diagnostic yield, helping compare results across studies. Effective collaboration between bronchoscopists and pathologists is crucial for obtaining high-quality samples for molecular tests like NGS. Techniques such as EBUS-TBNA, cryobiopsy, and robotic bronchoscopy enhance sample quality for genomic profiling. Liquid biopsy using circulating tumor DNA is a useful, less invasive option, though its sensitivity is limited in certain cases. These innovations promise more precise and patient-focused lung cancer diagnoses.

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REVIEW

Aerodigestive fistulas in adults: a focus on airway interventions and review of recent literature

Leong, Carrie Kah-Lai; Hsu, Anne Ann Ling; Lee, Pyng
Leong, Carrie Kah-Lai; Hsu, Anne Ann Ling; Lee, PyngLess

November 10, 2025

Plain Language Summary Aerodigestive fistulas (ADFs) are serious complications often seen in advanced cancers, particularly esophageal carcinoma, and can also result from medical procedures. Diagnosing ADFs is challenging due to vague symptoms, requiring imaging and endoscopy. Malignant ADFs often need personalized palliative care, with dual stenting showing better outcomes than single stenting. Benign ADFs can usually be surgically repaired. New minimally invasive treatments like endoscopic clips and tissue adhesives are being explored. Effective management of ADFs demands careful monitoring, prompt diagnosis, and tailored multidisciplinary strategies, with ongoing research needed to refine treatment approaches and improve patient care.

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REVIEW

Artificial intelligence in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: recent advances in imaging and physiological monitoring

Zhou, Christine Y.; Restko, Matthew; Freije, Benjamin;More
Zhou, Christine Y.; Restko, Matthew; Freije, Benjamin; Burkes, Robert M.Less

November 10, 2025

Plain Language Summary Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major health issue globally, with challenges in diagnosis and management. Artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a promising tool to improve COPD care. Recent studies show AI can enhance imaging techniques, like chest X-rays and CT scans, to accurately detect COPD and predict outcomes such as exacerbations and mortality. AI also aids in interpreting lung function tests and uses data from cough sounds and wearable devices for noninvasive diagnosis and severity assessment. Despite its potential, AI applications in COPD are still developing, needing more clinical validation and standardized evaluation methods.

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REVIEW

Robotic assisted bronchoscopy for peripheral pulmonary nodules – data review

Fielding, David; Gildea, Thomas R.; Ntiamoah, Prince;More
Fielding, David; Gildea, Thomas R.; Ntiamoah, Prince; Saghaie, TajalliLess

November 07, 2025

Plain Language Summary Robotic Assisted bronchoscopy is a promising tool for diagnosing small lung nodules, especially in the context of CT screening. Recent studies show that it offers better diagnostic yields than older methods, particularly for nodules smaller than 20 mm. The effectiveness of these procedures can be enhanced by various imaging techniques, which can be used alone or integrated into robotic systems. These procedures can be done under a single anesthetic, with surgical excision guided by rapid assessments. The learning curve is short, and the technique is safe and effective. Continued research is expected to further improve its clinical utility.

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REVIEW

Peripheral bronchoscopy: back to basics

Quah, Pipetius; Lee, Pyng
Quah, Pipetius; Lee, PyngLess

November 03, 2025

Plain Language Summary Peripheral bronchoscopy is becoming more common for accessing peripheral pulmonary lesions, especially as lung cancer screening with low-dose CT increases the need for precise targeting of small nodules. Despite advances like virtual bronchoscopy, electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy, and robot-assisted bronchoscopy, manual airway mapping using CT remains highly accurate. This review emphasizes the importance of mastering airway mapping as a fundamental skill in bronchoscopy, which complements advanced technologies. By refining this technique, clinicians can achieve high diagnostic yields even without the latest navigational tools, ensuring effective diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary lesions.

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REVIEW

Strategies to decrease exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: can they impact disease progression?

Hatipoğlu, Umur
Hatipoğlu, UmurLess

October 30, 2025

Plain Language Summary Managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) involves preventing disease progression, particularly by reducing exacerbations that can worsen lung function. This review highlights that while medications can slow disease progression, they only partially achieve this by reducing exacerbations. Patients with early-stage airflow obstruction are more prone to rapid lung function decline. Continuous monitoring of lung function and structure is crucial to identify those at risk of progression. A comprehensive approach, including regular pulmonary function tests, symptom tracking, and imaging, is recommended for early detection and intervention to improve health outcomes in COPD patients.

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REVIEW

Foreign body removal

Goyal, Rajiv; Sehgal, Inderpaul Singh; Agarwal, Ritesh
Goyal, Rajiv; Sehgal, Inderpaul Singh; Agarwal, RiteshLess

October 13, 2025

Plain Language Summary Airway foreign body aspiration is a serious emergency, especially for young children and older adults. Recent advances in diagnostic and treatment methods have improved outcomes. Multidetector CT scans with 3D reconstruction are highly accurate for detecting foreign objects. Flexible bronchoscopy is now a primary treatment option, showing high success rates in both children and adults, though rigid bronchoscopy is preferred for severe cases. New technologies like robotic bronchoscopy and AI imaging are enhancing precision and safety. Effective management requires a tailored approach, considering patient condition, foreign body type, and available expertise, with advanced imaging and telemedicine playing key roles.

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REVIEW

Lung transplantation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: an overview

Naamani, Talli Ida; Verplancke, Veronique; Verleden, Geert M.
Naamani, Talli Ida; Verplancke, Veronique; Verleden, Geert M.Less

October 09, 2025

Plain Language Summary Lung transplantation (LTx) is a common treatment for patients with end-stage COPD, accounting for 30-50% of all LTx worldwide. Double lung transplantation (DLTx) is preferred, especially for those with alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), due to better survival rates compared to unilateral lung transplantation (SLTx). While LTx improves quality of life and survival, complications like native lung hyperinflation and cancer can occur, particularly after SLTx. The global 5-year survival rate post-LTx is around 60%, with AATD patients faring better than non-AATD COPD patients. The choice between DLTx and SLTx remains debated, but DLTx is generally favored.

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REVIEW

History of bronchoscopy: from inception to the modern era of interventional pulmonology

Ntiamoah, Prince; Shirakawa, Taeko; Mehta, Atul C.
Ntiamoah, Prince; Shirakawa, Taeko; Mehta, Atul C.Less

October 09, 2025

REVIEW

Anesthesia strategies to minimize lung atelectasis in peripheral bronchoscopy

Peralta, Angel Rolando; Debiane, Labib G.
Peralta, Angel Rolando; Debiane, Labib G.Less

October 06, 2025

Plain Language Summary Peripheral bronchoscopy is a common, minimally invasive method for diagnosing lung lesions, but its effectiveness is often reduced by atelectasis, a condition where lung tissue collapses, obscuring lesions. Recent studies like I-LOCATE and VESPA show that atelectasis occurs frequently during bronchoscopy, especially in certain lung areas and patients with high BMI. Strategies such as using high tidal volumes, specific ventilation protocols, and breath-hold techniques can reduce atelectasis, improving lesion visibility and safety. Future research should aim to standardize these protocols and develop better imaging techniques to enhance diagnostic accuracy.

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REVIEW

Intraprocedural real-time imaging and tissue sampling in peripheral bronchoscopy

Senyei, Grant; Shaller, Brian D.; Di Felice, Christopher;More
Senyei, Grant; Shaller, Brian D.; Di Felice, Christopher; Sethi, SonaliLess

October 06, 2025

Plain Language Summary Peripheral lung lesions are hard to diagnose accurately. Traditionally, CT-guided needle aspiration has been used, but new technology is improving bronchoscopy's ability to reach these lesions. However, even with successful navigation, diagnostic success is low if the proceduralist can't adjust for CT-to-body differences or confirm the tool's position in the lesion. Recent imaging advances, like cone beam CT and augmented fluoroscopy, help correct these issues by providing real-time imaging during bronchoscopy. This improves accuracy by allowing proceduralists to adjust for errors and confirm the biopsy tool's location, enhancing diagnostic yield.

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REVIEW

Whole lung and sequential bronchoscopic lavage for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

Tay, Chee Kiang; Kumar, Anupam; Hsu, Anne Ann Ling;More
Tay, Chee Kiang; Kumar, Anupam; Hsu, Anne Ann Ling; Lee, PyngLess

November 22, 2024

REVIEW

The persistent problem of persistent air-leaks: approach to management

Mundanchira, George; Frye, Laura; Reisenauer, Janani;More
Mundanchira, George; Frye, Laura; Reisenauer, Janani; Agrawal, AbhinavLess

November 08, 2024

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